• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.393-397
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECFTIVES: Artemisinin, a natural product isolated from Gaeddongssuk (artemisia annua L.) and its main active derivative, dihydroartemisinin (DHA), have long been used as antimalarial drugs. Recent studies reported that artemisinin is efficacious for curing diseases, including cancers, and for improving the immune system. Many researchers have shown the therapeutic effects of artemisinin on tumors such as breast cancer, liver cancer and kidney cancer, but there is still insufficient data regarding glioblastoma (GBM). Glioblastoma accounts for 12-15% of brain cancer, and the median survival is less than a year, despite medical treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of DHA and transferrin against glioblastoma (glioblastoma multiforme, GBM). MATERIALS/METHODS: This study was performed through in vitro experiments using C6 cells. The toxicity dependence of DHA and transferrin (TF) on time and concentration was analyzed by MTT assay and cell cycle assay. Observations of cellular morphology were recorded with an optical microscope and color digital camera. The anti-cancer mechanism of DHA and TF against GBM were studied by flow cytometry with Annexin V and caspase 3/7. RESULTS: MTT assay revealed that TF enhanced the cytotoxicity of DHA against C6 cells. An Annexin V immune-precipitation assay showed that the percentages of apoptosis of cells treated with TF, DHA alone, DHA in combination with TF, and the control group were $7.15{\pm}4.15%$, $34.3{\pm}5.15%$, $66.42{\pm}5.98%$, and $1.2{\pm}0.15%$, respectively. The results of the Annexin V assay were consistent with those of the MTT assay. DHA induced apoptosis in C6 cells through DNA damage, and TF enhanced the effects of DHA. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that DHA, the derivative of the active ingredient in Gaeddongssuk, is effective against GBM, apparently via inhibition of cancer cell proliferation by a pharmacological effect. The role of transferrin as an allosteric activator in the GBM therapeutic efficacy of DHA was also confirmed.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was aimed to investigate the effect of ACLL extract (Artemisia capillaris Thunb, Curcuma longa L, Lycium chinense, Ligustrum lucidum Aiton complex extract) in a dyslipidemia animal model induced by a high-fat diet. Methods : ACLL extracts was administered at 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg to Apoe mice, where arthritis was induced by high cholesterol diet. After mice were treated with GO for 4 weeks, we measured AST, ALT, BUN and lipid levels (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride), atherogenic index(AI) and cardiac risk factor(CRF). Results : Serum AST, ALT, creatinine, BUN levels were not changed by ACLL extract do not show any toxic effects. Also, ACLL extract groups were found to have atherogenic Index and cardiac risk factor as well as lipid metabolism improvement (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride decrease). Conclusions : We suggest that ACLL extract may have the control effects of Dyslipidemia by improving lipid metabolism.

• 생약학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2012

In the present study, we investigated anti-inflammatory activity of artemisinic acid in HaCaT cells and RAW264.7 cells. Artemisinic acid showed inhibitory activity on macrophage-derived chemokines (MDC) expression, a factor related with atopic dermatitis (AD), in interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$-stimulated HaCaT cells. In the study on action mechanism, pretreated artemisinic acid reduced the phosphorylation of STAT1 and p38 and the degradation of $I{\kappa}B$ by IFN-${\gamma}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ stimulations. However, artemisinic acid didn't show the inhibitory activity on LPS-induced inflammatory mediators (NO, $PGE_2$, IL-6) in RAW264.7 cell. These results indicate that artemisinic acid inhibits IFN-${\gamma}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MDC expression through inhibition of signal factors, STAT1, NF-${\kappa}B$, and p38, in HaCaT keratinocytes.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.601-611
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of Gaeddongssuk powder (GP) on quality characteristics and shelf stability of emulsion sausages during storage. Proximate composition properties showed no significant differences in all treatment (p>0.05). Control showed the highest cooking loss while the treatment with GP showed decreased cooking loss depending on increasing GP content (p<0.05). Apparent viscosity of batter was increased as the amount of GP increased, whereas hardness of emulsion sausages was decreased with increasing GP level. In sensory evaluation, emulsion sausage with 0.1% GP resulted in the highest score in overall acceptability. The pH values of all treatments decreased at the early storage stage, followed by gradual increase. The lightness and redness of treatments were decreased when the level of GP was increased. However, the yellowness of sausages with GP were higher than that of control (p<0.05). The addition of GP inhibited lipid oxidation of emulsion sausages during storage depending on its level. The aerobic bacteria population and VBN was unaffected by addition of GP during the storage (p>0.05). Therefore, Gaeddongssuk powder up to 0.1% has a potential as a natural antioxidant for meat products because it can inhibit lipid oxidation of sausages without decreasing their sensory properties.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.30.1-30.15
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• 2021

Background: New-generation adjuvants for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccines can improve the efficacy of existing vaccines. Chinese medicinal herb polysaccharide possesses better promoting effects. Objectives: In this study, the aqueous extract from Artemisia rupestris L. (AEAR), an immunoregulatory crude polysaccharide, was utilized as the adjuvant of inactivated FMDV vaccine to explore their immune regulation roles. Methods: The mice in each group were subcutaneously injected with different vaccine formulations containing inactivated FMDV antigen adjuvanted with three doses (low, medium, and high) of AEAR or AEAR with ISA-206 adjuvant for 2 times respectively in 1 and 14 days. The variations of antibody level, lymphocyte count, and cytokine secretion in 14 to 42 days after first vaccination were monitored. Then cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response and antibody duration were measured after the second vaccination. Results: AEAR significantly induced FMDV-specific antibody titers and lymphocyte activation. AEAR at a medium dose stimulated Th1/Th2-type response through interleukin-4 and interferon-γ secreted by CD4⁺ T cells. Effective T lymphocyte counts were significantly elevated by AEAR. Importantly, the efficient CTL response was remarkably provoked by AEAR. Furthermore, AEAR at a low dose and ISA-206 adjuvant also synergistically promoted immune responses more significantly in immunized mice than those injected with only ISA-206 adjuvant and the stable antibody duration without body weight loss was 6 months. Conclusions: These findings suggested that AEAR had potential utility as a polysaccharide adjuvant for FMDV vaccines.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to document the use of medicinal plants in traditional practices and to analyze and evaluate medicinal traditional knowledge of indigenous people in Wolchulsan National Park. Methods : Data were collected through interviews, informal meetings, open and group discussions, and observations guided by semi-structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed via quantitative analysis of use value (UV), informant consensus factor (ICF) and fidelity level (FL), and network analysis. Results : A total of 580 methods of usage recorded in this study were classified into 55 families, 95 genera, and 104 species. Plants with the highest recorded UVs were Glycine max (L.) Merr., Leonurus japonicus Houtt., and Artemisia princeps Pamp.. The informant consensus factor about using medicinal plants ranged from 0.55 to 0.92, which showed a high level of agreement among the informants on respiratory system disorders and pains. There were 22 species of plants with a fidelity level of 100 %, after eliminating the plants that were mentioned only once from the analysis. Finally, using network analysis, Glycine max (L.) Merr. and Artemisia princeps Pamp. were defined as species with meaningful medicinal use, while lumbago and leg pain were defined as significant ailments in the study area. Conclusions : This study highlights the diversity and importance of medicinal traditional knowledge for communities of Wolchulsan National Park, Korea. The results of this study will provide basic data for phytochemical and pharmaceutical studies, such as new medicines and therapies.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 약초 당침 추출액의 발효특성을 분석하고 관능적 특성을 개선할 수 있는 적정 발효조건을 도출하여 유산균 발효 약초음료 개발에 응용하고자 하였다. 설탕을 이용하여 1년 숙성, 추출한 개똥쑥, 어성초 및 삼백초 당침액($50{\pm}5^{\circ}Bx$)을 10, 15 및 $20^{\circ}Bx$로 희석한 후 김치로부터 분리한 L. plantarum DK119 ($5{\times}10^9CFU/mL$)를 2% (v/v) 접종하고 $37^{\circ}C$에서 4일 동안 발효하면서 유산균 수, pH, 적정산도 및 환원당 함량 변화를 분석한 결과 개똥쑥은 $20^{\circ}Bx$, 어성초는 $10^{\circ}Bx$, 그리고 삼백초는 $15^{\circ}Bx$가 발효 가능한 농도로 나타났다. 즉, 희석농도와 접종 유산균 수가 유사한 조건에서도 사용한 약초 종류에 따라 발효특성에 차이가 있음을 알 수 있다. 발효 기간 중 개똥쑥, 어성초 및 삼백초 희석액의 총폴리페놀 함량은 모든 희석액에서 변화가 없는 반면 DPPH radical 제거능과 환원력(FRAP)은 발효 2일에 유의적 증가를 보여 발효 중 항산화 활성에 영향을 미치는 발효 산물이 생성되는 것으로 추정된다. 관능검사 결과, 발효 전 당침액에서 나는 특유의 불쾌한 약초 맛이 발효 1일부터 감소하고 종합적 기호도가 발효 2-3일에 높아져 L. plantarum DK119를 이용한 유산균 발효는 약초 당침액의 항산화 활성을 증가시키고 관능적 품질특성을 개선시켜 약초 추출물을 이용한 건강 음료 개발에 응용 가능한 것으로 사료된다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2012

흑마늘과 개똥쑥을 반응표면분석법에 따른 중심합성계획에 의하여 $110{\sim}130^{\circ}C$와 2~4 시간 범위의 11가지 조건(A~K)에서 각각 열수추출하여 총 페놀, 플라보노이드 함량 및 항산화 활성이 최대화되는 추출조건을 모니터링 하였다. 항산화 활성의 정도에 따라 흑마늘 추출조건 3종($130^{\circ}C$, 4 hr; $120^{\circ}C$, 3 hr; $130^{\circ}C$, 3 hr)과 개똥쑥의 최적 추출조건 1종($120^{\circ}C$, 3 hr)을 선정하였다. 흑마늘 추출물에 대한 개똥쑥 추출물의 혼합비율을 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5 및 1:2(w/w)로 조절하여 총 페놀, 플라보노이드 함량 및 항산화 활성을 측정한 결과, $120^{\circ}C$, 3시간에서 추출된 흑마늘 추출물과 개똥쑥 추출물의 혼합시 활성이 우수하였으며 최적의 혼합비율은 흑마늘과 개똥쑥 추출물에서 1:1.5(w/w)인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.819-824
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• 2007

본 연구는 큰비쑥를 80% EtOH로 추출하고 극성에 따른 용매분획을 실시하여 혈핵암 세포주를 대상으로 분획별에 따른 암세포 증식억제(cytotoxicity) 효과와 이러한 혈액암 세포주에 대한 세포독성 효과가 세포자연사(apoptosis)에 의해 일어나는 것인지, 몇 가지 apoptosis 유도 실험을 통해 확인해 보았다. HL-60 세포에 대한 증식억제 효과는 전반적으로 모든 처리구에서 농도의존적인 세포증식 억제효과가 나타났으며, 특히 헥산과 디클로로메탄 분획물에서 가장 강한 세포성장 억제효과가 나타났다. 이러한 세포성장 억제효과가 apoptosis 유도에 의한 것인지 알아보기 위해 apoptosis 유도에 의한 세포사멸의 특징인 DNA 단편화 현상을 비롯하여 세포형태학적 변화 및 유동세포분석기를 통한 DNA content를 측정한 결과, 큰비쑥 추출물에 의한 암세포 증식억제효과는 apoptosis를 유도하여 세포자연사를 통해 세포의 성장을 억제하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 전처리 조건(음건, 숙성, 덖음)과 추출 용매 중 에탄올의 혼합비율(30, 50, 70, 90%)에 따른 섬애약쑥 추출물의 이화학적 특성과 항산화 활성을 비교하여, 최적의 전처리 조건 및 추출용매를 확인하고자 하였다. 추출물의 수율은 음건쑥추출물에 비해 숙성쑥과 덖음쑥 추출물이 더 높았고, 에탄올 농도에 따른 경향은 확인되지 않았다. 색도는 L, a, b값 모두 음건쑥 추출물에서 가장 높았고 열처리 시간이 가장 길었던 숙성쑥 추출물에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 가용성 고형분 함량은 덖음쑥, 숙성쑥, 건조쑥 순으로 높고 에탄올의 비율이 증가할수록 그 함량 또한 증가하였다. 총 페놀, jaceosidin, eupatilin 및 총 플라보노이드 함량 또한 덖음쑥, 숙성쑥, 건조쑥 순으로 높았으며, 전반적으로 50%와 70% 에탄올 추출물이 30%와 95% 에탄올 추출물에 비해 유의적으로 높은 함량이었다. DPPH radical 소거 활성과 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성은 덖음쑥 추출물이 음건쑥과 숙성쑥 추출물에 비해 높았는데, DPPH radical 소거 활성은 덖음쑥 70% 에탄올 추출물이 77.71%로 유의하게 가장 높았으며, ABTS radical 소거 활성은 덖음쑥 30%, 50% 및 70% 에탄올 추출물이 96% 이상의 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로부터 섬애약쑥은 음건한 것을 덖음 처리를 한 후 50%~70% 에탄올로 추출할 때 유효성분의 함량과 라디칼 소거활성이 높음을 확인하였다.