• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.43-57
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• 2011

Chronic mental-handicapped people are lacking in non-verbal expression such as eye contact, intonation, voice volume, facial expression, and gesture as well as the contents of speech, speak with a monotonous voice, fail to be vivid and clear in voice, and have absence of expression, thereby bringing about difficulty even for social adjustment and about low self-esteem. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to examine effectiveness for enhancing self-expression and self-esteem by applying music therapy to the chronic mental-handicapped. The subjects were the chronic mental-handicapped who receive rehabilitation service at the community rehabilitation center, and who have over 10 years in the duration of disease. 1he music therapy activity was progressed with totally 14 sessions during 7 weeks with twice a week. This study confirmed t-test that is verification of difference in the mean, in order to examine difference between before and after music therapy in self-expression and self-esteem of the chronic mental-handicapped, and researched into qualitative case. The findings are as follows. First, as a result of score in self-expression scale, the significant improvement was shown after music therapy compared to before music therapy. The significant difference was indicated in verbal self-expression, phonetic self-expression, and non-verbal self-expression, which are its sub-spheres. Thus, the conclusion was obtained as saying that music therapy is effective for enhancing self-expression. Second, as a result of score in self-esteem scale, the significant difference was shown after music therapy compared to before music therapy. Thus, the conclusion was obtained as saying that music therapy is effective for enhancing self-esteem. Through the above results, the music therapy showed effectiveness of self-expression ability and self-esteem in the chronic mental-handicapped at the community rehabilitation center, thereby having been confirmed to be possibly utilized as rehabilitation program for the social skill ability and the social adjustment of the chronic mental-handicapped.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.82-92
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• 2017

Everyone wishes to live a happy life. Unfortunately, however, most people who have grown up in dysfunctional families grow up living wounded inner child' .This wounded inner child not only experiences conflicts in interpersonal relations but also exchanges wounds with others, which inflicts pain on them. Besides, they suffer from dependence and addiction, leading them to have miserable lives. This study seeks to review the definitions of the inner child and treatment methods using movies for the wounded inner child. The study found that as a field of art therapy, cinema therapy can have a positive effect on curing the emotionally wounded inner child.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.149-155
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• 2021

Background: We have reported that internal deletions in the nef, gag, and pol genes in HIV-1-infected patients are induced in those treated with Korean Red Ginseng (KRG). KRG delays the development of resistance mutations to antiretroviral drugs. Methods: The vif-vpr genes over 26 years in 20 hemophiliacs infected with HIV-1 from a single source were sequenced to investigate whether vif-vpr genes were affected by KRG and KRG plus highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) (hereafter called GCT) and compared the results with our previous data. Results: A significantly higher number of in-frame small deletions were found in the vif-vpr genes of KRG-treated patients than at the baseline, in control patients, and in ART-alone patients (p < 0.001). These were significantly reduced in GCT patients (p < 0.05). In contrast, sequences harboring a premature stop codon (SC) were more significant in GCT patients (10.1%) than in KRG-alone patients, control (p < 0.01), and ART-alone patients (p = 0.078 for peripheral blood mononuclear cells). The proportion of SC in Vpr was similar to that in Vif, whereas the proportion of sequences revealing SC in the env-nef genes was significantly lower than that in the pol-vif-vpr genes (p < 0.01). The genetic distance was 1.8 times higher in the sequences harboring SC than in the sequences without SC (p < 0.001). Q135P in the vif gene is significantly associated with rapid progression to AIDS (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Our data show that KRG might induce sD in the vif-vpr genes and that vif-vpr genes are similarly affected by lethal mutations.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.117-122
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• 2023

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) that binds to the coreceptor CCR5 (R5 viruses) can evolve into viruses that bind to the coreceptor CXCR4 (X4 viruses), with high viral replication rates governing this coreceptor switch. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) treatment of HIV-1 infected patients has been found to slow the depletion of CD4+ T cells. This study assessed whether the KRG-associated slow depletion of CD4+ T cells was associated with coreceptor switching. Methods: This study included 146 HIV-1-infected patients naïve to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and seven patients receiving ART. A total of 540 blood samples were obtained from these patients over 122 ± 129 months. Their env genes were amplified by nested PCR or RT-PCR and subjected to direct sequencing. Tropism was determined with a 10% false positive rate (FPR) cutoff. Results: Of the 146 patients naïve to ART, 102 were KRG-naïve, and 44 had been treated with KRG. Evaluation of initial samples showed that coreceptor switch had occurred in 19 patients, later occurring in 38 additional patients. There was a significant correlation between the amount of KRG and FPR. Based on initial samples, the R5 maintenance period was extended 2.35-fold, with the coreceptor switch being delayed 2.42-fold in KRG-treated compared with KRG-naïve patients. The coreceptor switch occurred in 85% of a homogeneous cohort. The proportion of patients who maintained R5 for ≥10 years was significantly higher in long-term slow progressors than in typical progressors. Conclusion: KRG therapy extends R5 maintenance period by increasing FPR, thereby slowing the coreceptor switch.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of group music therapy on the emotional stabilisation and Self-Efficacy of juvenile delinquents. The subjects, who were from age 15 to 19 as juvenile delinquents, received juvenile protection Order one (1) and three (3) or Order (4) and were placed in custody designated by the Gwang Ju Family Court. The 24 subjects were divided into the experimental group (N=12), and the control group (N=12) at random. The experimental group was given 14 group music therapy session for 90 minutes each, two times a week, and the control group was not given any. Emotional stabilisation and the Self-Efficacy scores for each adolescent was compared before and after the experiment. Statistical methods used for data analysis were mean, the standard deviation, and the ANCOVA. Results are as follows. The experimental group was significantly increased in emotional stabilisation compared with the control group. The experimental group was significantly decreased in aggressive behavior compared and in stress compared with the control group. The experimental group was significantly increased in self-efficacy compared, in self-confidence compared and in self control efficacy compared with the control group. These results suggest that group music therapy are positive effects on improving the emotional stabilisation and the Self-Efficacy of juvenile delinquents.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.115-122
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• 2022

Modern University students easily experience identity turmoil. The purpose of this study is to explore the process of recovery of univercity student who lose the meaning of life and feel depressed and lethargic by Logo-therapy, and to seek therapeutic use in counseling. As a result of the analysis, Loss of meaning and confusion in life, Expressing the will to pursue meaning, Meaning of life recovery and re-implication, 3 categories and 10 subcategories were derived. Through other Qualitative research. I hope that more results will show that Logo-therapy restores the meaning of life to university students. It can be used as therapeutic data to seek university student's meaning of life by Logo therapy.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.605-614
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• 2014

Many healing programs regard successful healing as the cure of the presenting physical and emotional problems. To heal present broken heart on a smart environment, we need to know states of mind. We also have to need psychoanalytic healing that cure mind caused. It is necessary to consider a more comprehensive view of healing that incorporates not only physical healing but mental healing. For this, we analyze through retrospective review from existing researches and healing programs. We obtain psychological and emotional factors about negative side effects on a smart environment. Throughout this study we draw upon factors of psychology and emotion to represent pictures by projective methods such as visual representation. That pictures is being used in developing the digital workbook for mind healing. We look at the possibility of psychological therapy from negative side effects causing converts into digital forms which have fixed scales on a smart environment.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.394-405
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• 2016

Objectives: The survival outcomes of antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs have not been systematically evaluated at the state level in India. This retrospective study assessed the survival rates and factors associated with survival among adult human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in Andhra Pradesh, India. Methods: The present study used data from 139 679 HIV patients aged ${\geq}15$ years on ART who were registered from 2007 to 2011 and were followed up through December 2013. The primary end point was death of the patient. Mortality densities (per 1000 person-years) were calculated. Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression models were used to estimate survival and explore the factors associated with survival. Results: The overall median follow-up time was 16.0 months (2.0 months for the deceased and 14.0 months for those lost to follow-up). Approximately 13.2% of those newly initiated on ART died during follow-up. Of those deaths, 56% occurred in the first three months. The crude mortality rate was 80.9 per 1000 person-years at risk. The CD4 count (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR],4.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.36 to 5.46 for < $100cells/mm^3$ vs. > $350cells/mm^3$), functional status (aHR, 3.05; 95% CI, 2.82 to 3.30 for bedridden vs. normal), and body weight (aHR, 3.69; 95% CI, 3.42 to 3.97 for <45 kg vs. >60 kg) were strongly associated with the survival of HIV patients. Conclusions: The study findings revealed that high mortality was observed within the first three months of ART initiation. Patients with poor baseline clinical characteristics had a higher risk of mortality. Expanded testing and counseling should be encouraged, with the goal of ensuring early enrollment into the program followed by the initiation of ART in HIV-infected patients.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2007

This practice parameter for non-pharmacological treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) review the domestic and international literature on the psychosocial treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD. This parameter include the parental training & education, cognitive behavior therapy(group or individual), social skill training, family therapy, play therapy (individual psychotherapy) and non-traditional therapy (art therapy, herbal therapy et al). Among them, there is some proven evidence only in parental training & education and cognitive behavior therapy. So, this parameter describes some details only in the field of parental training & education and cognitive behavior therapy. The efficacy or effectiveness, especially, cost-effectiveness of specific psychosocial treatment method for ADHD cannot be fairly assessed due to the scarcity of controlled clinical data. Based on the clinical expert consensus and limited evidence, we cautiously suggest the practice recommendations about the non-pharmacological psychosocial treatment fur children and adolescents with ADHD.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of transverse abdominis ratio and balance ability during bridge exercises on different support surface. Methods: The subjects were 20 students at G University. Ultrasound equipment was used to measure the transverse abdominisratio and the computerized balance measurement equipment was used to measure the balance ability before and after bridge exercises on different support surface. Results: Transverse abdominis ratio change between the groups was a significant difference only in the unstable support surface training group (p<.05). Normal standing eye close balance ability change between the groups was significantly different only in the unstable support surface training group (p<.05). The changes in the transverse abdominis ratio after 7 days of exercise and 14 days after exercise were significantly different between the groups (p<.05). Normal standing eye close balance ability showed a significant difference at 7 days after exercise and 14 days after exercise (p<.05). Conclusions: It is more effective to balance ability and ratio of the transverse abdominis when bridge exercises on an unstable support surface than to perform bridge exercises on a stable support surface. Therefore, we propose an effective program for patients with instability of the lumbar in clinical practice. bridge exercises on different support surface.