• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.263-272
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• 2017

The concept of Internet of Things (IoT) has been increasingly popular these days, and its areas of application have been broadened. However, if the data stored in an IoT system is damaged and cannot be recovered, our society would suffer considerable damages and chaos. Thus far, most of the studies on fault-tolerance have been focused on computer systems, and there has not been much research on fault-tolerance for IoT systems. In this study, therefore, a fault-tolerance method in IoT environments is proposed. In other words, based on the EVENODD method, one of the traditional fault-tolerance methods, a fault-tolerance storage and recovery method for the data stored in the IoT server is proposed, and the method is implemented on an oneM2M IoT system. The fault-tolerance method proposed in this paper consists of two phases - fault-tolerant data storage and recovery. In the fault-tolerant data storage phase, some F-T gateways are designated and fault-tolerant data are distributed in the F-T gateways' storage using the EVENODD method. In the fault-tolerant recovery phase, the IoT server initiates the recovery procedure after it receives fault-tolerant data from non-faulty F-T gateways. In other words, an EVENODD array is reconstructed and received data are merged to obtain the original data.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.10
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• pp.449-456
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• 2016

In this study we recomposed the life story of Min Tatyana who is a Koryo-saram, or in other words, an ethnic Korean residing Kazakhstan. The life story of an overseas Korean, or Koryo-saram to be exact, includes in itself their multi-level identity which consists of the period of the immigration of Koryo-sarams, the special incident of deportation, as well as life as people of the Soviet Union and Kazakhstan, and life as a Korean race. In this study, we were confirmed the texture of the Korean race thought ordinary korean Min Tatyana life who living in Kazakhstan. The life story of Min Tatyana was reconstituted into two stories as "growing up in a multicultural society as Koryo-Saram" and "to live a life as the descendants of independence activist". She was born in historically region Kyzylorda, where living Korean groups and now she is living in Almaty, where living the many koreans ethnic groups of Kazakhstan. Also, her parents were respected to the local residents and her grandfather of husband was famous independent activist. These aspects have helped keep her Korean ethnic identity. The life story of Min Tatyana is personal story and qualitative text, which shows social, cultural background of korean ethnic who living in Kazakhstan. This study is expected to help to confirm the Koryo-Saram characteristics and aspect of their multilayer life.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.871-882
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• 2018

This study investigated meaning of life as mediator of the relationships of meaning of work and happiness in Koran middle aged. A sample of 171 middle aged were participated. in survey about meaning of work, meaning of work and happiness. The data were analyzed using correlation test and path analysis. The results was followed. First, every factors was positively correlated. The meaning of work was positively correlated with meaning in life and happiness. And meaning in life was also positively correlated with happiness. Second, the meaning in life had partial mediation effect between meaning of work and happiness. The middle aged's higher score of meaning of work not only directly increased happiness, but also induced higher level of meaning in life, which, in turn, increased happiness. The results of this study suggested that meaning of work is a predictor meaning in life and happness, and meaning in life can be important factor of the relationship between meaning of work and happiness.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.879-888
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to explore the competence needed to be possessed by multicultural mentors, and offer an education program for the competence development of mentors. From June to September of the year 2016 in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 mentors who have participated in multicultural mentoring for over a year concentrating on the result of their participation in the mentoring. The interview contents were transcribed, then analyzed into learning competence, psychological competence, social competence as well as cultural competence. The result of the analysis is as follows. First, the learning competence needed for mentors are intellectual capability and teaching skills needed when teaching mentors. Second, the psychological competence consists of the attitude of attentively listening to mentees and advising them. Third, the social competence is conversation skills, communication techniques and leadership. Fourth, the cultural competence consists of recognizing diversity and the ability to manage the mentee's situation. Based on the analysis of this result, educational plans for enhancing mentor's capacity are as follows: First, education for mentors is necessary before they will begin mentoring. Second, it is necessary to provide a place for mentors' self-reflection. Third, it is for mentors to receive regular counseling. This study will become a basic research to reinforce the effectiveness of mentoring and reconsider the importance of mentor's capacity.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.7
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• pp.427-437
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• 2016

This study has the goal of analyzing the techniques and characteristics of urban development, after additionally constructing the high-speed railway in Japan's Kyushu district and building a new railway station to enable the existing traditional stations accommodate with the high-speed railway. Such analysis is made in order to draw the conclusion of its intended (designed) meaning and attributes and to further research on finding an applicable urban development method in the domestic railway station development. The object of this study includes examples of stations renewed within the five years when Shinkansen in the Kyushu district was extended or stations which are in process of development such as Hakata station, Kumamoto station, and Kagoshima-chuo station. From the analysis of this study, the strategies are as follows.; active connecting both geographical location and function of Station, re-establishment of relation with city center and Station, establishment of close linking system for both tourist spot development, methods of Shinkansen line construction and extension a development opposite site of railway, securing the living population from high density & Mixed use development of Station Building.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2021

This study examined methodologies for establishing a customer experience-focused innovation strategy, which is essential to transforming existing collection and preservation-oriented museum service into a visitor-oriented service. To this end, a review of studies examining good customer experience and bad customer experience was conducted, focusing on change in museum environments and customer experience from the service science and customer experience management perspectives. Research was conducted to present and prove. Implementing a customer experience-oriented innovation strategy in a museum requires exploring the various approaches that can be used to reach the target state from the present state, focusing on the customer, and selecting the most appropriate transformation plan. This study found that effective approaches are distinguished by the fact that they generate positive emotions in customers and use customer experience data to make important decisions regarding the establishment of practical resources in museums. This innovation model was developed and validated by analyzing how it differed from existing evaluation methods. Finally, a regression analysis using the customer experience measurement procedure, customer experience diagnosis/evaluation, customer experience innovation strategy, and museum performance as variables revealed a significant causal relationship.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.179-187
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• 2006

Objectives: The risk of aneuploidies of embryos increases in advanced maternal age or parental karyotype abnormality and it results in poor reproductive outcomes such as recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) or repeated implantation failure (RIF). Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for aneuploidy screening (PGD-AS) can be applied for better ART outcome by selecting chromosomally normal embryos. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcome of PGD-AS and which group can get much benefit from PGD-AS among the patients expected to have poor reproductive outcome. Methods: In 42 patients, 77 PGD cycles were performed for aneuploidy screening. Patients were allocated to 3 groups according to the indication of PGD-AS: group I-patients with old age (${\geq}37$) and RIF more than 3 times (n=11, mean age=42.2 yrs.), group II-patients with RSA (${\geq}3$ times) associated with aneuploid pregnancy (n=19, mean age=38.9 yrs.), group III-parental sex chromosome abnormality or mosaicism (n=18, mean age=29.6 yrs.) including Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome and 47, XYY. PGD was performed by using FISH for chromosome 13, 16, 18, 21, X and Y in group I and II, and chromosome X, Y and 18 (or 17) in group III. Results: Blastomere biopsy was successful in 530 embryos and FISH efficiency was 92.3%. The proportions of transferable embryos in each group were $32.5{\pm}17.5%$, $23.0{\pm}21.7%$ and $52.6{\pm}29.2%$ (mean ${\pm}$ SD), respectively, showing higher normal rate in group III (group II vs. III, p<0.05). The numbers of transferred embryos in each group were $3.9{\pm}1.5$, $1.9{\pm}1.1$ and $3.1{\pm}1.4$ (mean ${\pm}$ SD), respectively. The clinical pregnancy rates per transfer was 0%, 30.0% and 20.0%, and it was significantly higher in group II (group I vs. group II, p<0.05). The overall pregnancy rate per transfer was 19.6% (10/51) and the spontaneous abortion rate was 20% (2/10) of which karyotypes were euploid. Nine healthy babies (one twin pregnancy) were born with normal karyotype confirmed on amniocentesis. Conclusion: Our data suggests that PGD-AS provides advantages in patients with RSA associated with aneuploidy or sex chromosome abnormality, decreasing abortion rate and increasing ongoing pregnancy rate. It is not likely to be beneficial in RIF group due to other detrimental factors involved in implantation.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.154-175
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• 2009

At the present state, studies on Gyeongbok palace are being done with history of architecture, records, and art. However, these studies have limits that they can only depend on existing buildings and record, which make it hard to research whole aspect of palaces. The foundation remains(Jeoksim) of Gyeongbok palace in the ground gives important clues that can fill the gaps of these studies. Thus I analysed jeoksim of Gyeongbok palace, assorted them by type, scale, material, and construction method. I examined jeoksim used by various types of building, and looked at changes by periods. Jeoksims are classified in 21 types. The foundation(jeoksim) varies according to types of buildings, building types and material of jeoksim also varies along the periods, and the fact proves certain peroid of time has its own jeoksim style in fashion. Jeoksims of Gyeongbok palace are divided into round-shape(I), rounded square-shape(II), rectangular-shape(III), square-shape(IV), and whole foundation of building(V) by the plane shape. They can be divided again into 21 types by construction techniques and materials used. During early Joseon(I), only three types of jeoksim; round-shape riprap jeoksim(1-1), II-1(rounded square-shape), II-2a(rounded square-shape riprap+roofingingtile brick), had been built, but as 19th century begun, all 21 types of jeoksim had built. In 19th century during Emperor Gojong, different types of jeoksim by periods were built, and especially different materials were used. During Gojong year 2(1865)~year 5(1868), in which Gyeongbok palace were rebuilt, 7 out of 10 types of jeoksim used piece of roofinging tile and brick mixture, in contrast, during Gojong year 10(1873)~13(1876), or 25(1888), 3 out of 5 types of jeoksim used sandy soil with mixture of plaster. Meanwhile palace buildings have different names by the class of owner and use such as Jeon, Dang, Hap, Gak, Jae, Heon, Nu, and Jeong, which were classified by types and buildings were built according to each level. With an analysis of jeoksim by its building types, I ascertained that jeoksim were built differently in accordance to building types(Jeon, Dang, Hap, Gak, Jae, Heon, Nu, and Jeong). By the limitation of present document, only some types of buildings such as Jeon, Dang, Gak, Bang were confirmed, as for Jeon and Gak, square-shape(IV) built with rectangular parallelepiped stone, and for Dang and Bang, rounded square-shape(IV) built with roofinginginging tile and riprap were commonly used. From the fact that other jeoksim with uncertain building names, were mostly built in early Joseon, we learn that round-shape riprap jeoksim(1-1) were commonly built. Therefore, the class of building was higher if the owner was in higher class, jeoksim is also considered to be built with the strongest and best material. And for Dang and Bang, rounded square-shape jeoksim were used, Dang has lots of II-2a (riprap + piece of roofing tile and brick rounded square-shape) type which mainly used riprap and piece of roofing tile and brick, but Bang has lots of II-2b (piece of roofing tile and brick+(riprap+piece of roofing tile and brick rounded square-shape), which paved piece of roofing tile and brick by 15~20cm above. These jeoksim by building types were confirmed to have changed its construction type by period. As for Jeon and Gak, they were built with round-shape riprap jeoksim(1-1) in early Joseon(14~15c), but in late Joseon(19c), various types of Jeoksim were built, especially square-shape(IV) were commonly built. For Dang, only changes in later Joseon were confirmed, jeoksim built in Gojong year 4(1867) mostly used mixture of riprap and piece of roofing tile and brick. In Gojong year 13(1876) or year 25(1888), unique type of plaster with sand and coal and soil layered jeoksim were built that are not found in any other building types. Through this study, I learned that various construction types of jeoksim and material were developed in later Joseon compare to early Joseon. This states that construction technique of building foundation of palace has upgraded. Above all, I learned jeoksim types are all different for various kinds of buildings. This tells us that when they constructed foundation of building, they used pre-calculated construction technique.

• Journal of the Korea society of information convergence
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.23-44
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• 2013

First, the average scores of personal financial management ability in the college students' financial management attitude were 72.24 for male and 71.65 for female, so that male students showed a little higher score than female. College students who had an experience of opening a bank account and who kept a record of spending revealed higher scores. Those whose parents were elementary or middle school graduates unfolded the highest score, 73.67, and the lowest score, 63.35, from those whose parents had M.A. or Ph.D. The average scores of personal financial management ability in the college students' financial management knowledge indicated almost no difference with 63.26 for male and 63.35 for female. Only whether they had an experience of opening a bank account, keeping a record of spending, or a credit card revealed score differences. Depending on the students' majors, there were also score differences. Students from engineering department came up with the highest score, an average of 66.88, and students from art & physical education department with the lowest score, 53.39, in the financial management knowledge. The personal financial management ability in the college students' financial management function showed that the score of male students was a little higher than that of female, 64.26 versus 63.58. Students who kept a record of spending and whose parents' income was between three million won and four million won marked the highest score, an average of 65.26, and students whose parents' income was below two million won marked the lowest score, an average of 60.43, in the college students' financial management function. There were score differences in the college students' financial management function depending on the students' majors. Students from engineering department came up with the highest score, an average of 69.67, and students from public health department with the lowest score, 63.21.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.131-150
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• 2015

Omission of noun phrases for obligatory cases is a common phenomenon in sentences of Korean and Japanese, which is not observed in English. When an argument of a predicate can be filled with a noun phrase co-referential with the title, the argument is more easily omitted in Encyclopedia texts. The omitted noun phrase is called a zero anaphor or zero pronoun. Encyclopedias like Wikipedia are major source for information extraction by intelligent application systems such as information retrieval and question answering systems. However, omission of noun phrases makes the quality of information extraction poor. This paper deals with the problem of developing a system that can restore omitted noun phrases in encyclopedia documents. The problem that our system deals with is almost similar to zero anaphora resolution which is one of the important problems in natural language processing. A noun phrase existing in the text that can be used for restoration is called an antecedent. An antecedent must be co-referential with the zero anaphor. While the candidates for the antecedent are only noun phrases in the same text in case of zero anaphora resolution, the title is also a candidate in our problem. In our system, the first stage is in charge of detecting the zero anaphor. In the second stage, antecedent search is carried out by considering the candidates. If antecedent search fails, an attempt made, in the third stage, to use the title as the antecedent. The main characteristic of our system is to make use of a structural SVM for finding the antecedent. The noun phrases in the text that appear before the position of zero anaphor comprise the search space. The main technique used in the methods proposed in previous research works is to perform binary classification for all the noun phrases in the search space. The noun phrase classified to be an antecedent with highest confidence is selected as the antecedent. However, we propose in this paper that antecedent search is viewed as the problem of assigning the antecedent indicator labels to a sequence of noun phrases. In other words, sequence labeling is employed in antecedent search in the text. We are the first to suggest this idea. To perform sequence labeling, we suggest to use a structural SVM which receives a sequence of noun phrases as input and returns the sequence of labels as output. An output label takes one of two values: one indicating that the corresponding noun phrase is the antecedent and the other indicating that it is not. The structural SVM we used is based on the modified Pegasos algorithm which exploits a subgradient descent methodology used for optimization problems. To train and test our system we selected a set of Wikipedia texts and constructed the annotated corpus in which gold-standard answers are provided such as zero anaphors and their possible antecedents. Training examples are prepared using the annotated corpus and used to train the SVMs and test the system. For zero anaphor detection, sentences are parsed by a syntactic analyzer and subject or object cases omitted are identified. Thus performance of our system is dependent on that of the syntactic analyzer, which is a limitation of our system. When an antecedent is not found in the text, our system tries to use the title to restore the zero anaphor. This is based on binary classification using the regular SVM. The experiment showed that our system's performance is F1 = 68.58%. This means that state-of-the-art system can be developed with our technique. It is expected that future work that enables the system to utilize semantic information can lead to a significant performance improvement.