• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.221-226
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• 2003

Twenty universal rice primers (URPs) were used to detect PCR polymorphisms in 25 isolates of six different Alternaria species producing host specific toxins (HST). Eight URPs could be used to reveal PCR polymorphisms of Alternaria isolates at the intra- and inter-species levels. Specific URP-PCR polymorphic bands that are different from those of the other Alternaria spp. were observed on A. gaisen and A. longipes isolates. Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis using 94 URP polymorphic bands revealed three clustered groups (A. gaisen group, A. mati complex group, and A. logipes group).

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.9
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• pp.1636-1641
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• 2008

In this study, we introduce a new approach to Parallel Genetic Algorithms (PGA) which combines AHFCGA with crossover operator. As to crossover operators, we use three types of the crossover operators such as modified simple crossover(MSX), arithmetic crossover(AX), and Unimodal Normal Distribution Crossover(UNDX) for real coding. The AHFC model is given as an extended and adaptive version of HFC for parameter optimization. The migration topology of AHFC is composed of sub-populations(demes), the admission threshold levels, and admission buffer for the deme of each threshold level through succesive evolution process. In particular, UNDX is mean-centric crossover operator using multiple parents, and generates offsprings obeying a normal distribution around the center of parents. By using test functions having multimodality and/or epistasis, which are commonly used in the study of function parameter optimization, Experimental results show that AHFCGA can produce more preferable output performance result when compared to HFCGA and RCGA.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 1995

A new evaluation procedure for calculating the Jacobian elliptic parameter is presented. This procedure is useful in calculating the trajectory for cnoidal wave generation. Upon specification of water depth, the wave height and either the wave period or the wavelength, the presented algorithm uses the Newton-Raphson method and the arithmetic and geometric-mean scales to calculate the profile directly, without trial and error procedures or look-up in tables. It is shown that the algorithm provides equally accurate result as the ad hoc methods previously used.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.105-114
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• 1998

Granule application with a boom has merits of accurate application and high field efficiency. In order to develop a boom granule applicator, aerodynamic properties of agrichemicals should be investigated. This study was accomplished to investigate aerodynamic properties of granules and factors affecting on them. The tested agrichemicals were urea, compound fertilizer (17-21-17), sand and zeolite. Basic physical properties of granules such as true density, sphericity, and arithmetic mean diameter for those materials were analyzed. Regression equations for pickup velocity (v$_{p}$) and saltation velocity (v$_{s}$) were proposed by the data transformation and the multi-regression analysis as follows : (equation omitted) where, 0< s < 1, 0< λ$_{i}$< 3, 35 < D/d$_{p}$ < 350, 1000 $_{p}$/p$_{a}$ < 2500 The range of pickup velocity of fertilizers and other agrichemicals were shown to be 10-16m/s and 9-13m/s, respectively. The saltation velocity of fertilizer and other agrichemicals were 3 m/s and 4 m/s, respectively.y.ively.y.y.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.141-148
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• 2002

Experimental investigation of the interaction between dual spray formed by swirl type injector was conducted. Experimental parameter was fuel temperature, varied in the range from $-20^{\circ}C$ to $120^{\circ}C$. Measuring parameter were vertical distance from injector tip to patternator and gap between injectors. Volumetric distiribution and SMD were measured for the various combination of parameters. The results of present study show that the arithmetic sum of each of spray is not equal to dual spray, but it is equal above specific fuel temperature. As the increases of fuel temperature, SMD decreases and becomes more uniform. As the increases of gap between injectors, fuel volume and SMD at collision area increases, but penetrated fuel decreases.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.282-287
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• 2009

This study aims to examine the existing single rating index in terms of level reduction limit of heavy-weight floor impact sound. To achieve this goal, sounds which have same loudness according to rating methods were suggested to subjects. And followings are results. 1) The rating method of measurement frequency level average is more suitable than that of other methods which are dependent on specific frequency for rating heavy-weight floor impact sound. 2) Level average for measurement frequency of $31.5\;Hz{\sim}500\;Hz$ is more correspondent to psycho-acoustic response than that of measurement frequency of $63\;Hz{\sim}500\;Hz$ which is for KS F 2863-2, existing rating method.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.107-122
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze subject matters opened on Dept of Home Economics Education in Korea and U.S.A. For this study, 17 undergraduate catalog and college course guidelines of Korea and the 15 undergraduate catalog and course guidelines of U.S.A. were collected. Collected materials were compared and analyzed. For this comparision and analysis, classified the subject matters as three steps based on these data. Collected data were analyzed by arithmetic mean, percentage, frequency. The conclusions are as followings ; 1. The number of the Home Economics Education relative subject matters opened in Korea is 10% below, and U.S.A.'s is 20~30%. The ratio of U.S.A. is higher than that of Korea. 2. The domain of clothes & textiles and foods and nutrition is 50% in Korea, So, There is unbalance in Korea. 3. U.S.A. oftened various names of subject matters by characteristics more than in Korea.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1874-1876
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• 2004

Quantitative structure activity relationship has been probed for spirosuccinimide-fused tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,3-dione derivatives acting as aldose reductase inhibitors. While the spirosuccinimide compounds contain a chiral center, the aldose reductase inhibition assay was performed with racemic mixtures in the published work. As the physicochemical descriptors of the QSAR analysis must be evaluated for a definite molecular structure, we devise a new 'racemic' descriptor as the arithmetic mean of the (R)-enantiomer descriptor and the (S)-enantiomer descriptor. The resultant QSAR model derived from the racemic descriptors outperforms the original QSAR models, closely reproducing the observed activity of optically pure enantiomers as well as racemic mixtures.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1057-1060
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• 2014

In our previous articles, an approach has been proposed for the evaluation of the uncertainty of overall result from multiple measurements. In the approach, uncertainty sources were classified into two groups: the first including those giving same 'systematic' effect on each individual measurement and the second including the others giving 'random' effect on each individual measurement and causing a variation among individual measurement results. The arithmetic mean of the replicated measurements is usually assigned as the value for the overall result. Uncertainty of the overall result is determined by separately evaluating and combining an overall uncertainty from sources of the 'systematic' effect and another overall uncertainty from sources of the 'random' effect. This conceptual approach has been widely adopted in chemical metrology society. In this study, further logical proof with more detailed mathematical expressions is provided on the approach.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 1993

Since most people spend a large majority of their time indoors (at least in the industrialized countries), indoor air may affect human health more than outdoor air. This study was carried out to characterize the reference and equivalent methods against the low volume method which was promulgated by the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. The Laser and Piezo air sampler offer the advantage of real time data and low labor costs. The arithmetic mean concentrations were found to be 102.9% (Laser-2 min method) and 65.9% (Piezo method) against low volume method (100%). The statistical analysis procedure for this comparision is linear regression. The linear regression line of low volume method had slopes of 0.5487 and 0.9697 and Y intercepts of 0.0266 and 0.0110 $\mu$g/m$^3$ about Laser (2 min) and (24 h) method respectively. And the correlation coefficients were 0.7271 and 0.9433.