• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.4
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• pp.513-522
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• 2008

Service-Oriented Architecture(SOA) is an method to develop applications by developing and publishing reusable services which potentially be used in various applications, and discovering and composing right services dynamically. SOA adopts a paradigm of publish-discover-invoke, which is considerably different from object-oriented and component-based development(CBD) approaches. The service in SOA is different from function in procedural programming, object in object-oriented programming, and component in CBD, and its fundamental requirement is a high level of reusability and applicability. In SOA, service providers and service consumers are loosely coupled since the providers try to develop reusable services and the consumers try to locate right services without knowing much about the providers and their published services. Moreover, the process of searching, choosing and invoking right services is not presented in conventional programming paradigms. Therefore, conventional approaches to developing user interfaces and invoking the functionality on servers through JSP, and RMI in object-oriented programming cannot well be applicable to designing clients’ programs in SOA. Therefore, there is a high demand for a practical and systematic process for developing clients’ applications, and the such a process should be devised by considering key characteristics of services and SOA. However, little work on this area is known to date, and there has not a process for client side just except few guide lines for developing service client. In this paper, we propose a practical and systematic development process for developing clients' applications in SOA. Then, we define instructions for carrying out each activity in the process. To show the applicability of the proposed work, we show the result of applying our process in developing a services application for searching and booking hotels.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.52-62
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develope an assessment method for parking lot remodeling alternative by adopting the asset management technique. In order to identify the Level of Service(LOS) and the Evaluation Measurement(EM), literatures was implemented which documented the consideration of parking lot plan, needs of the apartments' tenant, and various design standards. In addition, the authors conducted a three-time delphi survey for the identified 5 LOS and 19 EM to evaluate suitability and necessity of them and to collect additional opinion of experts. The LOS of parking lot were categorized into 5 areas such as Environmental effect and Convenience, Accessibility and so on. The 19 EM were determined to estimate the LOS quantitatively. The researchers analyzed the degree of importance of LOS and EM by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. But construction cost was excepted from the analysis, because it is used as an independent variable in alternative assessment. In conclusion, the authors proposed the estimation criteria for EM, and the method and process for alternative assessment be performed to benefit-cost analysis using the LOS variation and construction cost. The assessment method for parking lot remodeling alternative was demonstrated effective to assess the parking lot remodeling alternative by case-study. This study has a academic significance by adopting the asset management techniques in the area of the parking lot remodeling. And the assessment method is expected to help deciding a reasonable remodeling alternative of parking lot, as it ensures the diversity for remodeling of the parking lot and reflects the needs of the occupant.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.199-209
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to suggest fundamental data for finding problems and ways to improve Korean dental infection control studies through the classification of literature on dental infection control which have been conducted in Korea. The collection of literature was done via seven online database programs only for domestic literature. The date of first search was September 16-17th, 2009, and the final search was completed on December 20th, 2009. (1) From the examination of the frequency of research according to the publishing form by year, it is revealed that after 2006, dental infection control is being performed most vigorously, compared with 1980's when the studied on this area started. (2) According to the classification of research method by research design of original article among the literature, original articles were 45 studies, and the others were 20 studies. It was also found that in 45 studies of original article, there were 37 studies of survey research, and there were 8 studies which include microbiology examination. (3) On the analysis of the subject of each study, glob and mask using rate have gradually increased, and the frequency of pierced with sharp implement or needle have gradually decreased. Through this research, it can be observed roughly how the results depended on subject of each studies change. However, it may be restricted to generalize the results of this research, because there are lack of clear standard and literature evidence to assess the interrelationship between each study. Also, since there are shortage of research and studies in dental infection control, the research to examine the effects should be tried actively after the standards and precaution of dental infection control developed.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.279-291
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• 2013

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare old standard EN 954-1 and new standard EN ISO 13849-1 through case study and provide necessity of adaptation of EN ISO 13849-1 in Korea. Background: International and EU harmonized standard EN ISO 13849 "safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control system" is classified into Part 1: General principles for design and Part 2: Validation. EN ISO 13849-1 standard was introduced in Official Journal of the European Union on September 8, 2009 as harmonized standard, and old standard EN 954-1 was withdrawn on December 31, 2011. So, EU decided to use of EN ISO 13849-1 standard forcibly from January 1, 2012 for safety of machinery. New machines need to be CE marked if they are to be placed on the market in the European Economic Area(EEA), Switzerland or Turkey, and Korean machine builder should apply EN ISO 3849-1 standard for safety of machinery accordingly. However, current Korean Safety Certification system(KCs mark) for dangerous machinery is not referred to EN ISO 13849-1 standard as safety standard. There is a need of research for adaptation of EN ISO 13849-1 standard in Korea as safety standards for new design of safety-related control system which use mostly electronic components. Method: Five case studies of representative designs for safety-related control system in accordance with EN 954-1were selected according to safety category from B to 4. And these five representative designs were tried to change new design in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1 standard. The results of comparison were analyzed in aspect of economy and technical complexity. Results: The results showed that EN ISO 13849-1 provided quantitative method of application and it enabled designers to create safety-related control systems that require fewer components and less wiring, with many of the components being to a lower specification and, therefore, less costly. Conclusion: EN ISO 13849-1 standard is good for electronic safety-related control systems compare to EN 954-1. By considering the importance of application of EN ISO 13849-1 and benefits, the application of EN ISO 13849-1 as safety standard for safety of machinery is urgent in Korea. Application: The results of comparing EN 954-1 and EN ISO 13849-1 standard might help to determine the adaptation of EN ISO 13849-1 standard for safety of industrial machinery in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2011

Now Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration(KHOA) publishes 309 charts of 38 kinds of scale. Korea chart index number system is established with east, south and west sea areas. The chart number has been given irregularly in accordance with publication order so there is no consistence. The present chart index number system can classify sea areas but does not have information of scale, object and location. Therefore this chart's unsystematic management gives rise to inconvenience to the chart user. So, the standards of chart index number system is urgently needed for the efficient management & use of chart. In this paper, we intend to propose new chart index number system through adjusting area of chart and rearranging scale of charts. As a result, it is necessary to change from 3 digits to 4 digits index number to gain competitiveness & systematic management of Korea nautical charts.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2015

Most landscape areas in apartment complex have been changing. Increasing the area of underground parking lots have an effect on apartment's circumstance. Natural ground was decreased so that the most space in apartment complex were converted into an artificial ground. To suggest the soil quality management, this study examined the actual situation about the soil quality of planting ground such as the quality standard as artificial soil, the difference of natural ground, and the difference of soil quality according to the work classification. As a result, the soil quality of the apartment complex with a large underground parking lot had low quality of soil. Soil physical properties were relatively fine but soil chemical properties needed the quality control. The soil quality of natural ground and artificial ground was not statistically significant and the soil quality by the work classification also had no statistical significance. Therefore, we established improvements about standards of the chemical properties for quality management, the soil quality in the natural ground and applying the equivalent standard according to the work classification.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.117-129
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• 2017

The Purpose of this Study is to Identify the Learning Modules of the National Competency Standard (NCS) Related to the Information Systems Development Curriculum of 4-year Colleges, to Explore the Possibility of Applying NCS to the Curriculum, and to Examine Implications. The Importance of 26 Competency Units in the Applied SW Engineering of NCS was Compared by Area Experts Composed of 14 Information Systems Developers and Professors of 7 Universities who Teach Software Engineering Subjects Through the Hierarchical Analysis Process (AHP). The Results of the Study as Follows. First, the Relative Importance of the Competency Elements was in order of 'Confirming the Requirements', 'Checking the UI Requirements', 'Designing the Physical Data Repository', 'Testing Developer Integration', and 'Fixing Developer Defects'. Second, while the Entry and Intermediate Level Developer Group Determined that the Competency Elements Related to the IS Development Implementation Stage is more Important, the Advanced IS Developer Groups Consider the Competency Elements Related to the Theory-oriented Design Stage as Important Competency. In Addition, the Group of College Professors was Found to Choose all the Practical and Theoretical Competency Elements that Two Developers Groups Considered Important. Implications of the Study Suggested that the Job Performance Competence and Quality of Education Related to IS Development can be Enhanced.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.3 s.47
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• pp.505-516
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• 1994

For the purpose of preparing the fundamental data on air pollution in underground shopping center and also contributing to the health improvement of residents, the authors measured the level of $SO_2,\;NO_2,\;TSP,\;CO,\;CO_2$ and also some related factors as air temperature, air movement, relative humidity and mean radiation temperature at inside and outside of underground shopping center in Pusan from January to February and from July to August 1994. The results were as follows : 1. The mean concentration of CO within the underground shopping center was $3.1{\pm}1.3ppm$ in winter and $2.1{\pm}0.9ppm$ in summer. There was a negative correlation (p<0.01) between inner CO concentration and temperature in summer and no correlation between inner CO concentration and outer CO concentration in underground shopping center 2. The mean concentration of COE within the underground shopping center was $876{\pm}353ppm$ in winter and $757{\pm}125ppm$ in summer. There was a negative correlation (p<0.01) between inner $CO_2$ concentration and air movement in summer and positive correlation (p<0.05) between inner $CO_2$ concentration and outer $CO_2$ concentration in underground shopping center. 3. The mean concentration of $SO_2$ within a underground shopping center was $0.036{\pm}0.019ppm$ in winter and $0.040{\pm}0.013ppm$ in summer. There was a positive correlation(p<0.01) between inner $SO_2$ concentration and temperature in summer and positive correlation between inner $SO_2$ concentration and outer $SO_2$ concentration in summer and winter in underground shopping center. 4. The mean concentration of $NO_2$ within a underground shopping center was $0.052{\pm}0.038ppm$ in winter and $0.042{\pm}0.016ppm$ in summer. There was a no correlation between inner $SO_2$ concentration and thermal factors in summer and winter and low correlation between inner $SO_2$ concentration and outer $SO_2$ concentration in underground shopping center 5. The mean concentration of TSP within a underground shopping center was $430{\pm}214{\mu}g/m^3$ in winter, $366{\pm}73{\mu}g/m^3$ in summer, and very in excess of the atmospheric environmental quality standards of Korea ($150{\mu}g/m3{\downarrow}$). There was low correlation between inner TSP concentration and temperature in summer and high correlation between inner TSP concentration and outer TSP concentration in underground shopping center.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.23-33
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• 2017

Due to the rapid development of cities, densities and heights of urban structures are increased, and much larger and more underground spaces are being developed accordingly. Increasing development of underground spaces has induced more ground sinks and underground cavities. Therefore, safety of people is threatened by potential ground collapses and possible accidents, which may result from underground cavity. To actively respond against potential danger of ground sink, evaluation of existing cavity grade and development of recovery procedure are important. There exists the ground sinking management grade system of expressway developed as local standards in Japan. Recently, ground sinking management grade system of Seoul was developed with consideration of road and asphalt conditions. In this study, 209 underground cavities of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ area were explored and their cavity shapes and grades were evaluated based on both ground sinking management grade systems of Japan and Seoul. Comparison is made between cavity grades evaluated based on both grading systems from Japan and Seoul. As a result of comparative analysis, the conservatively-estimated cavity grades requiring emergency restoration based on the Japanese management grade system of expressway result from neglection of layer thickness of surface pavement, considering only width and cover depth of a cavity.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

This work aims to suggest the most proper Hwangtoh color(ocher) for sidewalks and walkways located at the central part of the city. The actual colors of Hwangtoh samples that were obtained from 3 different locations (mountain walkways) in Busan were measured. In addition, personal preferences of such Hwangtoh colors were evaluated through survey in order to provide a proper standard reference color for urban walkways and sidewalks. With respect to the chromaticity of Hwangtoh obtained in Busan, $a^*$ and $b^*$ values were found to range from 3.6 to 13.6 and 11.4 to 23.4, respectively. It was also found that $L^*$ (lightness) values of 3 different Hwangtoh samples were found to be similar. According to the results from survey, higher values of $+a^*$ (red type) and $+b^*$ (yellow type) were preferred, indicating the red and yellow color needs to be developed stronger from Hwangtoh. Based on these findings, the proper Hwangtoh color used for walkways in urban area was chosen. It was found to be $L^*$ for 32.2~45.8, $a^*$ for 5.2~13.6, and $b^*$ for 15.8~21.2, respectively.