• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.311-322
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• 2020

This paper studies the influence of parameters of a novel SMA helical spring energy dissipation brace on the seismic resistance of a frame structure. The force-displacement relationship of the SMA springs is established mathematically based on a multilinear constitutive model of the SMA material. Four SMA helical springs are fabricated, and the force-displacement relationship curves of the SMA springs are obtained via tension tests. A numerical dynamic model of a two-floor frame with spring energy dissipation braces is constructed and evaluated via vibration table tests. Then, two spring parameters, namely, the ratio of the helical spring diameter to the wire diameter and the pre-stretch length, are selected to investigate their influences on the seismic responses of the frame structure. The simulation results demonstrate that the optimal ratio of the helical spring diameter to the wire diameter can be found to minimize the absolute acceleration and the relative displacement of the frame structure. Meanwhile, if the pre-stretch length is assigned a suitable value, excellent vibration reduction performance can be realized. Compared with the frame structure without braces, the frames with spring braces exhibit highly satisfactory seismic resistance performance under various earthquake waves. However, it is necessary to select an SMA spring with optimal parameters for realizing optimal vibration reduction performance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.102-118
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to propose an ecological management plan by the comprehensive analysis of biotope structures on Namsan Urban Natural Park in Seoul. Classified by actual vegetation, structure of layer and vegetation damage, biotope structures were composed of forest area, compact management area, herb area, cultivated area and non-ecology(urban) area. Succession had seened to stop in the Native forest. Artifical forest was divided into two types. The first, upper layer, was too dense to accommodate lower layer plants, the other case was the appearance of Quercus spp. and the first stage plants of succession following the declination of the upper layer plants. The soil pH of Nam-san Urban Park was 4.21∼4.51, which meant the soil was becoming acid. As the result of acidity, leaching of available nutrition(K/sup +/, NH₄/sup +/, Ca/sup ++/ etc.) was immediately influenced by the natural ecosystem, influence of acid rain was disturbed to becoming organic matter which was use to plants. In the case of a biotope structure management plan, the urban area was prohibited to spread outside. Cultivated and herb area was regenerated to natural forest. In the forest area, the compact management area was maintained with its present condition, and then it is desirable to make a preservation area and to plant shrubs. Planted Pinus densiflora Community was needed to eliminate competitive species of canopy layer, and plant shrubs. Management of deciduous broad-leaved Comm. was maintained in its present conditionand it is desirable to raise the diversity of the understory and shrub layer. The management of the artifical forest seems to be suitable for Q. spp. community. The care of naturalized plants prevents the expansion and restores the structure of wild plants. The soil management was a marked restoration soil ecosystem in order to prevent soil acid and drying.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2013

According to current digital and information society, architecture related departments in universities give and educate computer courses to train top-level human resources suiting the needs of the time. The aim of this study is to curriculum of architecture related departments and to use the references for curriculum organization by understanding computer courses for architecture related departments. The results are as follows: (1) There are 100 departments (28.2%) in the field of architecture and 130 departments including an academic system that is the most departments. Also, there are 86 departments (39.8%) in the field of architecture engineering and 117 departments including an academic system. There are 77 departments in the field of interior architecture, which contain 48 departments (62.3%) of two- or three-year bachelor course college. (2) Department in the field of architecture opens a program study course in the second year of the program that is the most courses had been opened. First, most departments selected an order of learning a structure/detail construction techniques of architecture and design skills such as a foundation system and expression of the structure by hand in the first grade and processing it using a computer in the second grade. (3) BIM was opened in only three departments of 31 departments surveyed and was opened in a senior class. The reasons of still lack of BIM are the compatibility deficit of partners such as building structure, building equipment, securing lecturer, and still the dominant point of CAD in the field. (4) Six departments of 31 departments surveyed did not open a program study course as a major. That is to say, it is learned in a basic course or basic liberal arts education requirements (information area) of each department, or in an own program of each department. (5) The program study is only a means to create architectural drawings in department of the field of architecture. Thus, we should remember not only the drawing through the program but also drawing up a floor plan after understanding of methods such as constructional methods, detail drawing, and expression.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.151-156
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• 2016

It has been constantly demanding for effective way to improve software development productivity and automation. In this paper, we did research to configure the component assets to reuse design information from the design phase domains based on the DMI. It is necessary abstracted information architecture of an independent platform development environment to reuse design information on the design stage. Also, It should be based on a well-designed to support the design architecture of the application domain. Therefore, in this paper, I want to use the DMI architecture that can be represented by formal level of architectural design information platform and application domain area. It is able to decomposition architecture asset with the part design information from the design phase composition or a high level of abstraction on DMI. Therefore, the metadata structure of the asset architecture will support a structure which can reuse the structure-based design of the domain areas.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 2015

In this study, the green water phenomena on rectangular shaped structure is numerically simulated by STAR-CCM+ to investigate the flow pattern including the velocity profiles in bubbly water flow. 5 phases of the formation of green water in front of and over the rectangular shaped structure is simulated at the design condition which is scaled down by 1:125 from FPSO operating in GOM. All numerical results are compared with the experimental results performed in a two dimensional wave flume. The water deformation due to the green water are obtained by the high speed CCD camera with employing the shadow graphy technique, which is allowed to take the bubbly water flow into images. A series of image taken by shadow graphy technique is analyzed with MQD method to calculate the velocity in bubbly water flow.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.175-188
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• 2020

The Hengda Group super high-rise building in Jinan City uses the frame-core tube structural system. With a height of 238.3 m, it is above the B-level height limit of 150 m for buildings within 7-magnitude seismic fortification zones. Therefore, it is necessary to apply performance-based seismic design to this super high-rise building. In this study, response spectrum analysis and comparative analysis of the structure are conducted using two software applications. Moreover, elastic time-history analysis, seismic analysis under an intermediate earthquake, and elastic-plastic time-history analysis under rare earthquakes are performed. Based on the analysis results, corresponding strengthening measures are implemented at weaker structural locations, such as corners, wall ends connected to framed girders, and coupling beams connected to framed girders. The failure mode and failure zone of major stress components of the structure under rare earthquakes are analysed. The conclusions to this research demonstrate that weaker locations and important parts of the structure satisfy the requirements for elastic-plastic deformation in the event of rare earthquakes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.111-117
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to find out the pattern of Ger form, inner spatial composition of Mongolian Ger house, and to take a dig at the structural or symbolic elements of nomadic architecture of Ger. To the point of view of corresponding to living and space of housing, remarkable characteristics of Ger Architecture is able to pull down and recombine the structures of nomadic house. Even though urbanization of Mongolia has spreading rapidly in a whole nation, most of people preserves traditional housing pattern within Ger. The ways of survey are to study of traditional home of Mongolia, and then field work at residence or mountain area in Ulan Bator and Gorkhi Terelj National Park area. This survey contains the form, size, structure, spatial composition of living space, structure, and materials. There are three results as follows: First, the form of Ger house is like a pyramidal or crown roof style to approximate to the round shape of it. Usually they had lived in nomadic way of life, so the Ger had a movable and flexible structure. Second, the Ger is easy to build up and deconstruct to move or find a new pasture. Third, the Mongolian Ger structure is composed by mainly five elements that are Khana, Khaalga, Toono, Bagana, and Uni. It has a hierarchy of internal spaces which are classified to gender, orientation, and property.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.83-95
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• 2012

In the present study, the structural response of breakwaters installed on container carriers against green water impact loads was numerically investigated on the basis of the fluid-structure interaction analysis. A series of numerical studies is carried out to induce breakwater collapse under such conditions, whereby a widely accepted fluid-structure interaction analysis technique is adopted to realistically consider the phenomenon of green water impact loads. In addition, the structural behaviour of these breakwaters under green water impact loads is investigated simultaneously throughout the transient analysis. A verification study of the numerical results is performed using data from actual collapse incidents of breakwaters on container carriers. On the basis of the results of a series of numerical analyses, the pressure distribution of green water was accurately predicted with respect to wave mass and velocity. It is expected that the proposed analytical methodology and predicted pressure distribution could be used as a practical guideline for the design of breakwaters on container carriers.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.7-14
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• 2005

A Structure of a system is usually described as same as an architecture, but they are basically different. The architecture has a broader meaning than a system structure. In other words, an architecture can include many of system structures. So, to define the architecture, we need to consider how functions of a system are consisted and integrated. The architecture defined is applicable to railway safety management systems, and it can be made as a new model for railway safety systems, which is useful to systematize railway safety regulations. To establish the architecture as applicable to railway safety regulations, it is required to compare between regulation relations by analyzing roles before/after executing railway safety regulations. Therefore, in this research, we reviewed and classified different types of regulation conditions and safety requirements for railway systems and a variety of conditions before/after railway safety regulations changes are compared by defining system architectures subject to National railway safety.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.29-38
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• 2014

This paper is to analysis covering and exposing elements through surface in the spirit of the time through the meaning of relationship between structure and symbol(ornament) in the theory of dressing of Gottfrid Semper. In other words, The purpose is to illuminate how complementary tectonic between structure and symbolic of an architecture surface is expressed in accordance with the biased required conditions relating with the paradigm of the era. The advancement of the new method of tectonic and the new aesthetic taste have a deep relation with the reconsidering the dichotomy classification discussing a dominant position between structure and symbol(ornament). Expression of surface representing the era comes across the combined interpretation of technology, structure, and the non-physical culture's art of the community and the era.