• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.71-78
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• 2021

Green areas and the area of available horizontal surfaces are gradually decreasing due to the overcrowding of buildings. It is adversely affecting the urban climate and ecosystem. However, the recognition of the importance of green areas is gradually increasing. As a result, the importance of wall greening using vertical surfaces is growing. However, despite the fact that domestic wall greening guidelines and institutions related to orientations restrict planting. there was no study to determine whether there were actual differences in plant growth due to orientations. Therefore, this study compared and analyzed the plant growth characteristics by orientations to apply actual wall greening to cities. The experiment was conducted from May to September 2020. First of all, three octave walls were constructed to measure the temperature, the illumination, and the length of the plants once a week. The plants included Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Hedera rhombea, and Euonymus radicans cv. Aueonmarinata Rehd plants. As a result of the study, Parthenocissus tricuspidata was prolific in the north, and Hedera rhombea, and Euonymus radicans cv. Aueonmarinata Rehd plants were prolific in the south. All three types of plants were prolific in June-July, and the Parthenocissus tricuspidata was prolific in grass-growing, and in August, all the walls were 100% covered. Hedera rhombea had the lowest rate of herbaceous growth, and the vertical coverate was also lower at an average of 45%, but among the three plants, the sheath of the horizontal surface coverate was the highest. Euonymus radicans cv. Aueonmarinata Rehd was low in the speed of herbaceous growth, and finally, the walls were 100% covered except for the north and northwest directions. It was found that not all plants used for wall greening show the same growth, and the difference in growth varies more depending on plants than the effect of orientations. Therefore, it is better to identify the characteristics of plant growth and plant suitable plants for each directions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.422-428
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• 2021

This study surveyed residents and public officials for the projects to make smart-city plans of Geumsan-gun. First, domestic and foreign cases related to smart city projects were reviewed. The local status of Geumsan-gun was investigated regarding various aspects of the natural, social, urban environment, and smart-city facilities. The survey results were as follows. Overall, more than half of the survey respondents said they were satisfied with their housing quality. Several problems in their areas, such as inefficient welfare system, shortage of parking space, and industrial infrastructure, were reported. On the other hand, tourism and leisure facilities, health care support systems, industries to boost the economy, and the job market were also important issues. The problem was that the regional problems mentioned above were not in line with their preferences for smart-city services. The implications of the survey results could be summed up as follows. The groupware surveys of Geumsan-gun should be used as survey tools, whereas IT survey tools (Google, Survey Monkey, etc.) should be used for locals. In particular, a survey targeting residents should ask plain and compact questions taking advantage of local gatherings. It is also important to have a pilot-survey with relevant public officials and select related projects and regional issues. The survey of local residents and public officials is a prerequisite for promoting smart city projects. The smart city project shall reflect the needs of residents while solving community problems by considering the survey results and local conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.5165-5176
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• 2010

This study is an attempt to seek ways to revitalize the main streets in local city with regard to urban regeneration. It focuses on the case of Myeong-dong Fashion Street located in front of Cheonan Station, which recently lost its vitality. In order to explore causes of the decline and solutions for restore, this paper investigate the concerned urban area by approaching through three different aspects: physical and environmental aspects, social and economic aspects, historic and cultural aspects. In addition, the street visitors were surveyed on their visiting patterns, priorities and discontents about the components of street, and preferences for its restoring, etc. The investigation resulted in following findings and proposals. In physical and environmental dimension, it is needed to create legal incentives for encouraging local residents to develop their own district, and suggested to plan green space for relaxation and cultural arts space by using existing buildings, along with the expansion of public parking. In regard of social economic aspects, it is proposed to give each street specialized commercial theme. At the historic and cultural level, it is suggested to plan the pedestrian network which links the Fashion Street with surrounding historic elements.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.114-125
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• 2019

Off-Site Construction (OSC) is a new construction method based on factory production. OSC (Off-Site Construction) is a new construction method based on factory production. Researches such as OSC-related design and production standardization, transport methods are actively conducted in the U.S., UK and other parts of the world as this new method has an edge over existing methods in terms of productivity, economy and quality. As the emergence of this new area requires reasonable management, an analysis of the scope of construction project management is required accordingly. Therefore, this research analyzed the study trends and relationships at the CM/PM range's "Operation level" to identify areas of study, relationship between studies and deficiencies in current research. This study carried out a comprehensive literature review of the OSC (CM/PM) research by analyzing 94 papers in Operation level as of September 3, 2018, and the analysis results are as follows. (1) Working stage level researches have been increasing rapidly since 2006. (2) Non-volumetric type is contributing most significantly at work stage level. In the building sector, it has been identified that problems such as residential: living, quality issues, non-residential: economic difficulties, factory: productivity problems have been addressed. (4) The Non-volumetric pre-assembly type dealt with the economic feasibility of residential and non-residential buildings, whereas the modular type was studied in regards to assembly quality. (5) From 2006, project management areas (e.g., quality, human resources, risks) have been expanded. It is expected that this research will help find new areas of research for OSC. If the analysis is carried out to the level of the industrial, corporate and project phases in the future, it is deemed that the overall research flow and area of the OSC industry can be identified.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.686-697
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• 2018

Due to the advance in remote sensing technology, it has become easier to more frequently obtain high resolution imagery to detect delicate changes in an extensive area, particularly including forest which is not readily sub-classified. Time-series analysis on high resolution images requires to collect extensive amount of ground truth data. In this study, the potential of land coverage mapas ground truth data was tested in classifying high-resolution imagery. The study site was Wonju-si at Gangwon-do, South Korea, having a mix of urban and natural areas. KOMPSAT-3A imagery taken on March 2015 and land coverage map published in 2017 were used as source data. Two pixel-based classification algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF), were selected for the analysis. Forest only classification was compared with that of the whole study area except wetland. Confusion matrixes from the classification presented that overall accuracies for both the targets were higher in RF algorithm than in SVM. While the overall accuracy in the forest only analysis by RF algorithm was higher by 18.3% than SVM, in the case of the whole region analysis, the difference was relatively smaller by 5.5%. For the SVM algorithm, adding the Majority analysis process indicated a marginal improvement of about 1% than the normal SVM analysis. It was found that the RF algorithm was more effective to identify the broad-leaved forest within the forest, but for the other classes the SVM algorithm was more effective. As the two pixel-based classification algorithms were tested here, it is expected that future classification will improve the overall accuracy and the reliability by introducing a time-series analysis and an object-based algorithm. It is considered that this approach will contribute to improving a large-scale land planning by providing an effective land classification method on higher spatial and temporal scales.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.323-331
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• 2018

This study was conducted to examine the effects of constructing streetside urban forests on particulate matter (PM) content in pedestrian paths and open spaces created between the main streets and buildings in a high-rise, high-density urban area. The study site is a 70m-wide open space between Busan City Hall and Jungang-street in Busan, Korea. The results showed that the density of PM differences between the open space and the adjacent main street were small in regions without linear trees and shrub rows during both the weekdays and weekend. On the other hand, the areas with linear trees and shrub rows were found to have significantly higher concentrations of PM compared to the roadway. In particular, sections with linear trees and shrub rows had higher PM levels both on roads and in adjacent open space, indicating that the composition of linear trees and shrub rows increased the concentration of PM in the off-street open space in areas with wide space between the roadway and building. The impact was more significant in the open space than the roadway. This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that PM generated by vehicles flows through the roadside shrubs by rapid wind flow but does not disperse widely in the pedestrian paths where the wind flow was reduced. In this study, we found that the roadside tree and shrub walls slowed the flow of wind, causing vehicle-emitted PM to accumulate if a wide open space was created between the road and building, resulting in higher concentration of PM in the open space. We confirmed that the distance between the road and building was a critical factor for constructing linear trees and shrub rows to reduce PM generated by vehicle traffic.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.37-51
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• 2018

Recently, urban parks are required to actively participate with residents in order to strengthen social functions and maintain sustainable management. This study analyzed the formation process of volunteer resident groups (Chamsamo) in the neighborhood parks in which local residents can participate in an ongoing basis based on the solidarity of a daily living space. The important factors in the activation of resident activity are derived from 5 aspects including resources, local area, resident group capacity, resident group role, and public support. The results of the study are as follows. 1) Life-friendly resources: It was important to find life-friendly resources such as 'Chamsaem' in the park. The combined resources of continuous human activities provided various benefits to the residents. This has led to stronger attachment and community activities to continue to utilize attractive resources in the park. 2) Sharing Common Daily Spaces and Expansion: As the Chamsamo activities were centered around the neighborhood, the network of activists in the local community expanded. This led to continued resident interest and favorable participation as well as to the regional expansion of Chamsamo activities. 3) Park management as part of everyday life: Park management became a part of everyday life, and pleasant park management was facilitated by utilizing the talents of the residents, who carried out diverse activities and constantly streamlined their hard labor. 4) Chamsamo's Leadership Linking Residents and the Public Sector through Leading Park Management Activities: Chamsamo served as a middle leader in linking the public sector and its users. 5) Role and Support of the Public Sector: In order to be able to sustain the activities of residents, the government's willingness to support the resident-led activities of the park in planning and operating the public sector was required. In the public management system of the park, support for residents' activities such as financing, education, and consulting was necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.78-97
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• 2016

The objectives of this study are to examine the context of the establishment of Suhoe Gugok, Byeokgye Gugok Vally, and Nosan Palkyung, which have been established in Seojong-myeon of Yangpyeong-gun, by literature review and site investigations, and to determine the sceneries of Byeokgye scenic site as enjoyed and managed during the period of Hwaseo Lee, Hang-ro(華西 李恒老). The results of the study are as follows. First, Byeokgye Gugok Vally(黃蘗九曲) and Nosan Palkyung(蘆山八景), which have been established after the period of Hwaseo and theorized to have been established around key scenic areas associated with Hwaseo's activities, the analysis results showed that they were collecting sceneries of modern times. The extensive overlap between Byeokgye Gugok Vally and concentrated scenic elements of Suhoe Gugok(水回九曲), and the artificial configuration from the end point of Suhoe Gugok to the beginning point of Nosan Palkyung, reveal the pattern of space conflict and hegemony between Byeokgyes of Suip-ri and Nomun-ri. This is likely to be caused by the conflict between the historicity of the group that enjoyed Byeokgye prior to Hwaso's period and the strong territoriality of the space filled with the image of Hwaseo. Second, Byeokgye Gugok Vally was the secondary spatial system created by selecting the most scenic sites in Suip-ri while expanding the area of Nosan Palkyung. After establishment of Byeokgye Gugok Vally, the spatial identity of the entire Byeokgyecheon area was effectively established. This was a "Hwaseo-oriented" move, including the complete exclusion of the scenic sites from the pre-Hwaseo period such as Cheongseo Gujang and Suhoe Gugok's Letters Carved on the Rock. Consequently, the entire Byeokgyecheon area was reorganized into a cultural scenic site with Heoseo's influence. Third, Fifth, creations of Gugok(九曲) to determine the lineage of the Hwaseo School from Juja(朱子) to Yulgok(栗谷) to Uam(尤庵) to Hwaseo is likely to be an opportunity of birth and external motivation of the establishment of new Gugok Palkyung. In other words, Nosan Palkyung and Byeokgye Gugok Vally are likely to have been created as a reaction to the change of the center of the Hwaseo School to Okgyedong, and with strategic orientation based on the motivation and needs such as creation of the connecting space between Mui Gugok, Gosan Gugok, and Okgye Gugok, and the elevation of Hwaseo's status. Fourth, from the Hwaseo's Li-centric point of view, all revered sites in Beokwon(蘗園) that he managed existed as the spatial creative work to experience the existence of "li" through the objects in the landscape and the boundary of the spirit of emptiness of the aesthetic self. This clearly shows how Byeokgye Gugok Vally or Nosan Palkyung must be defined, and furthermore, appreciated and approached, prior to discussing it as the space associated with Hwaseo. Fifth, Nosan Palkyung was composed of cultural scenic landscapes of Gokjungkyung(曲中景) with eight scenic sites where Hwaseo gave his teachings and spend time around, in the Byeokgye of Nomun-ri area of Byeokgye Gugok Vally. The sceneries is, however, collected by depending on Hwaseo's Letters Carved on the Rock and poetry. Consequently, an inner exuberance of Nosan Palkyung is satisfied beside Byeokgye Gugok Vally, but its conceptual adequacy leaves room for questions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.19-28
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• 2024

This study investigated and analyzed the landscape conservation activity promotion process targeting the 'Alassiasdeuli Community Farming Association Corporation', which is carrying out continuous rural landscape conservation activities led by local residents in the area of Yeohang Mountain, Yeohang-myeon, Haman-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do. Through this, the factors necessary to promote rural landscape conservation activities led by residents were identified, and implications necessary for rural landscape conservation activities led by residents were derived. The first factor that allowed Alassiasdeuli to pursue resident-led rural landscape conservation activities was the fact that an economically stable foundation was established before pursuing conservation activities. Rural landscape conservation activities are carried out based on continuous agricultural activities, and agriculture is closely related to the economic aspect. Accordingly, Alassiasdeuli had a small but regular income from the package business, and was able to carry out various rural landscape conservation activities based on this. Second, within the community, a sense of purpose for rural landscape conservation was shared as a common value. It started with common values that were in line with rural landscape conservation, such as an economic community based on agriculture, indigenous seed conservation, and eco-friendly agriculture, and later, awareness of traditional agriculture and rural landscape conservation was gradually established through members' continued empowerment and related experiences. It has been done. Third, various connections and cooperative relationships were established with residents, related organizations, and administration. We established cooperative relationships by recruiting local organizations and residents as active participants beyond program participation, and exchanged information and expanded the scope of activities by establishing networks with organizations such as the 'Gyeongnam Darang-Non Network'. In addition, through connection with administration, we experienced various projects and ensured the sustainability of activities through support. Fourth, there was a keyman who could organize activities and control the scale of support projects, taking into account the awareness and capabilities of members. In particular, it is thought that this was possible because the Secretary General was based on building a relationship of trust with residents before Alassiasdeuli was formed. Therefore, in order for resident-led rural landscape conservation activities to be continuously carried out, an organization must be formed centered on farmers, and the economic sustainability of the organization, sharing of common values, and trust relationships among members are the basis, and the Sustainable activities can be promoted through various cooperative relationships between residents, organizations, and administration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.13-26
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to select the study area, which will be formed into Daegu Science Park as an national industrial complex, and to assess the landscape value based on biotop classification with different polygon forms, and to develop and computerize Biotop Value Assessment Tool (B-VAT) based on GIS. The result is as follows. First, according to the result of biotop classification based on an advanced analysis on preliminary data, a field study, and a literature review, total 13 biotop groups such as forrest biotop groups and total 63 biotop types were classified. Second, based on the advanced research on landscape value assessment model of biotop, we development biotop value assessment tool by using visual basic programming language on the ArcGIS. The first application result with B-VAT showed that the first grade was classified into 19 types including riverside forest(BE), the second grade 12 types including artificial plantation(ED), and the third class, the fourth grade, and the fifth grade 12 types, 2 types, and 18 types respectively. Also, according to the second evaluation result with above results, we divided a total number of 31 areas and 34 areas, which had special meaning for landscape conservation(1a, 1b) and which had meaning for landscape conservation(2a, 2b, 2c). As such, biotop type classification and an landscape value evaluation, both of which were suggested from the result of the study, will help to scientifically understand a landscape value for a target land before undertaking reckless development. And it will serve to provide important preliminary data aimed to overcome damaged landscape due to developed and to manage a landscape planning in the future. In particular, we expect that B-VAT based on GIS will help overcome the limitations of applicability for of current value evaluation models, which are based on complicated algorithms, and will be a great contribution to an increase in convenience and popularity. In addition, this will save time and improve the accuracy for hand-counting. However, this study limited to aesthetic-visual part in biotop assessment. Therefore, it is certain that in the future research comprehensive assessment should be conducted with conservation and recreation view.