• Journal of architectural history
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-89
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• 2009

This study examines the examples of wooden member terms of architecture terminology used in Yeonggeon-euigwe(營建儀軌) in the era of Joseon Dynasty. It is to trace the period of their appearances and changes and also to illuminate coinage characteristics and method of architectural terminology used in Yeonggeon-euigwe through graphonomy research and system and structure of wood member terms. By analyzing the meaning of a word, it was found that there was much Insineui, difference of word meaning by country was shown although it was the same shape of character. In particular, the specialty of double language system of Korean language is combined with that of wood terms. Operation of type unrelated to word meaning was found and Korean unique Gachaeui(假借義) like Bo(褓) was generated. This study draws separate systems: one is that can indicate coinage characters of architectural terminology in Yeonggeon-euigwe. The other is to obtain coinage method as a result of reclassifying terminology based on it.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.55-70
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• 2010

Although scholarly terminology should have clear meanings as signs, Korean pagoda terminology has become jargon and is creating difficulties in communicating meanings which are far from the originally intended meanings; this terminology is sometimes notated in dead language, meaning old Chinese characters, or Japanese styled Chinese characters. Nobody has asked questions on the terminology itself which has long been commonly used for a century, since the Japanese-ruling period. One of the main reasons for this error is that the Indian Buddhist scriptures in Sanskrit has been translated into Chinese with vague understanding of form and meaning of stupa since 3rd Century A.D. On the other hand, the English-language terminology, already built by Indology scholars since the beginning of the 20th century, consists of easier language and clearer meanings. This paper examines misunderstanding and mistranslation of the original Indian stupa terms and suggests new terminology in current, easier language.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.55-70
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• 2011

This paper aimed at analyzing of structural carpentry terminology for bracket structure in Yingzaofashi ${\ll}$營造法式${\gg}$in the era of Song Dynasty and illuminating coinage characteristics and method of Structural Carpentry Terminology for bracket Structure through graphonomy research and system and structure of these terms. The results are as follow. The structural carpentry terminologies for structure were identified to be approximately 23 words, and terminology of bracket structure鋪作 is largely categorized into 3 categories of Type鋪作次序, Structure, Place. On the other hand, the structural carpentry terminologies for parts largely categorized into 2 categories of Bracket structure鋪作, Others. Bracket structure terminologies for parts were derived from the core of Dou枓, Gong栱, Ang昂, Fang方. The phenomena of derivation in structural carpentry terminology for bracket structure can be explained by the difference in the shape of subsidiary material and the location for usage of the subsidiary material and part of the subsidiary material and their functions.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.27-38
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the legal definition and usage of cultural property term related to the architecture within the cultural property-related legal system and general legal system, and to present proper terminology and specific concepts that can be used for the architecture as cultural properties. In the current cultural property legislative system, terms about the architecture are diverse and obscure, and the definition of each term is different from the concept in the general legal system. In this context, this study presented the terminology of 'the architectural heritage' as 'a cultural property by construction act' to cover whole cultural properties related to Korean architecture. And the conceptual scope of the architectural heritage is divided into the technology and the performer related to the act, the record and the building related to the product. and Each concept needs to be specifically tailored to its object and scope. Systematic definition of terms for cultural properties related the architecture can positively influence systematization of cultural property preservation and management as well as empirical research and education on Korean architecture.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.443-452
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• 2017

Architectural history traces the changes in architecture through various traditions, regions, overarching stylistic trends, and dates. This study identified terminologies related to the proximity and frequency in the architectural history areas by text mining and association analysis. This study explored terminologies by investigating articles published in the "Journal of Architectural History", a sole journal for the architectural history studies. First, key terminologies that appeared frequently were extracted from paper that had titles, keywords, and abstracts. Then, we analyzed some typical and specific key terminologies that appear frequently and partially depending on the research areas. Finally, association analysis was used to find the frequent patterns in the key terminologies. This research can be used as fundamental data for understanding issues and trends in areas on the architectural history.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.39-54
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• 2011

The Bunhuangsa stone pagoda, constructed in AD. 634, National Treasure no. 30, has been named as 'brick-copied pagoda' since the Japanese-ruling period by scholars. It is said that the Chinese brick pagoda was its precedent model, however the Bunhuangsa Pagoda is the oldest of all the Chinese-style brick pagodas except one, the Sungaksa Pagoda. The Chinese pagoda cannot have been a precedent model to copy due to its complex detail of wood vestige, as the Bunhuangsa pagoda is simple form without ornament. Domestic brick pagodas cannot have been a precedent model to copy as well, because all the domestic brick pagodas are younger than the Bunhuangsa Pagoda. Therefore, the terminology 'brick-copied pagoda' is a fallacy; it is rather that later brick pagoda copied the precedent the Bunhuangsa stone pagoda. The Bunhuangsa Pagoda is simply a piled-up pagoda of thick or thin, big or small slates of stone, facing only one smooth side and therefore needing nothing to relate to brick. The originality of the pagoda is more related to simple piled-up Indian stone stupa rather than Chinese brick pagoda. The roof form of its gradually stepped projection comes from the harmika of the summit of Indian stupa. Contrary to general history, old Silla Dynasty imported Buddhism directly from India by sea. From written national history and by temple foundation history, the Indian Buddhism evangelist possibly made influence to the erecting of temple and pagoda. The original wrong terminology has made a harmful effect gradually to the naming of mass-styled stone pagoda of only carved stepped-roof form after brick-copied pagoda. The false term 'brick-copied pagoda' should be discarded, which comes with superficial observation based on toadyism to China and colonialism to Japan. Instead of the fallacious term, this paper suggests multi-storied 'piled-up pagoda with slate stone.'

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.59-68
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• 2023

Jogyeongdan is an altar built by the Korean Empire within the burial grounds of Sijomyo(始祖墓), the Jeonju Lee clan, as a part of their posthumous respecting project. This site adheres to strict rules and formalities that are comparable to those of the royal tombs of the Joseon Dynasty, with its altars and monument House demonstrating construction techniques that hold high value in architectural history. This study compares and analyzes construction-related records such as Uigwe, Statements, and Figure, along with their historical context. Through this effort, the study explores in detail the original form of Jogyeongdan at the time of its construction and subsequent transformations in later periods. Findings showed that the Figure was drawed by Chae Yongsin and was only a blueprint prior to the construction; it was modified during the actual construction process. A part of Jogyeongdan project was carried out by demolishing four government office buildings that were closed because of the Gabo Reform in order to secure wood and roof tiles, among other materials. Additionally, concluded the Jaesil was by relocated Deokryudang from Samryeyeokcham. Further, instances of distinctive terminology usage were found related to construction materials in the Jogyeongdan Uigwe, which were not used in another Uigwe. These terms were distinguished in detail according to the locations in which the materials were used.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.31-49
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• 2009

Periodically, the Japanese Castle was created in the domestic of Japan and then 2 Invasions into Chosun was started. The Japanese Castle in the domestic of Japan was repaired several times by the building boom of castle before & after 2 invasions and so the initially-built type of castles was changed. Accordingly, there are much difficulties to understand the original shape of Japanese Castle. Through the Japanese Castle within Korea called as the fossil of Japanese Castle, I would like to examine & consider its building period and characteristics. The terminology called as [Two Side Stone's Wall] is that of castle which is not acknowledged in the Japanese Academic Circles. However, it means the two-fold wall of Japanese Castle which was widely applied to the fortification way in the Age of Japan Edo. The terminology of [Sori] says the stonework curve in the corner of Japanese Castle which is indicated best in the Japanese Castle. It calls the curve as like the fan frame. [Curb Stone's Wall] says the type of castle wall constructed with over 1 face in wall body of Japanese Castle. (1) About classifying the construction period of Japanese Castle, the curb stone's wall and the castle having no two side stone's wall must consider the building period as that of Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592. If there was [Sori], the two-side stone's wall was used and the place which supported the documentary data, in particular, the place having the record of contraction is considered to be confirmed as the castle constructed in the period of Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1597. (2) The two-side-type stone's wall shown in the Modern Japanese Stone Castle is difficultly considered to be generated from the Japanese Castle at the period of Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 and in 1597. (3) The beautiful [Sori] shown in the Modern Japanese Stone Castle was started from the Japanese Castle of Korea at the period of Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1597. It is difficultly considered which its indication was firstly generated by the Chaesung-Folded Segment Structure.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.59-72
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• 2018

The detailed names and meanings of Korean stone pagodas have not yet been properly studied or clearly defined. Therefore, an aim of this report is to compare the detailed names of Korean, Chinese, and Japanese stone pagodas by focusing on content used previously by Ko and his students and content that is currently in use (i.e., since the Japanese colonial era). Additional objectives are to assess the significance of these names and propose an appropriate detailed draft regarding names of stone pagodas. The discussion will proceed by dividing the stone pagoda into three parts: the podium, main structure, and finial. First, the content in Luo Zhewen(羅哲文)'s "Ancient pagodas in China(中國古塔)" (1985) is considered; then, "朝鮮の石塔" (1943)-published by during the Japanese colonial era-is explored. The thesis written by Yu-Seop Ko regarding Korea's first stone pagoda and the content in "A Study of Korean Pagodas(朝鮮塔婆의 硏究)" (1948), which contains Yu-Seop Ko's posthumous works published in book form by his student Su-Yeong Hwang, Heu-Kyoung Kim are examined. to pagodas that are used today, are compared and reviewed. Since Korea, China, and Japan influence each other, pagoda-related terms are shared to some extent. In this study, these were applied to stone pagodas, and names used thus far that have not drawn criticism were studied and proposed as suitable alternatives.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.45-56
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• 2022

Gachiljang(假漆匠), along with Jinchiljang(眞漆匠), is an important craftsman who cannot be left out during the finishing process of wooden furniture and wooden buildings during the Joseon Dynasty. The current definition of Gachiljang does not properly explain the nature and role of Gachiljang. In many related terminology dictionaries, Gachiljang is defined as "artisan who dose the base paintwork of Dancheong." But an analysis of the Joseon Dynasty's Uigwe(儀軌) shows that Gachiljang appears frequently in works that are not related to Dancheong at all. Therefore the current definition seems to be inaccurate and need to be revised. Gachiljang is a name that contrasts with Jinchiljang, and he makes and paints Myongyu(明油). Just as Jinchiljang uses not only lacquer but also various pigments to paint colorful lacquer, Gachiljang also uses various pigments to decorate buildings or furniture in a fancy way and then finishs with a transparent paint. Even in the Dancheong(丹靑) work of the building, all the base painting and finish coating work will be in charge of Gachiljang, except for the paintings performed by the Whawon(畫員) or the Whasa(畫師).