• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.15-27
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• 2021

Purpose: This study compares and analyzes the design drawing changes that occur during the design process between hospital design competition and the final detailed design. Based on this, factors that can reduce the rate of changes in drawings are derived. The purpose is to provide basic data to lessen the rate of the changes in the process of architecture design and can be reflected in the design competition guidelines. Methods: In this study, cases of hospitals are selected which are built in 5 recent years. Then compare and analyze the drawings which was drawn in the process from submission of competition to final design. After investigating the design changes that occur after the design competition, analyze the fixed-elements which are the main causes of design changes. Fixed-elements can be narrow down into few architecture-factors such as vertical-core, shafts, public-corridor, HAVC, and mechanical/electrical spaces. Results: Result of the rate of changes in each selected hospital floors can be sorted into variable-elements and fixed-elements which tells that the higher the rate of changes of the fixed-elements, the higher the rate of changes of the variable-elements. Implications: In other words, it can be said as the lower the change rates of the fixed-element, lower changes in whole design changes which represents that the greater the efficiency can be shown in the design process.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.14-16
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• 2016

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is the assessment of the capacity of the reinforced concrete (RC) elements of an arch bridge when they are subjected to contact and near-contact explosive charges of various amounts, and the estimation of the critical charges for these components. The bridge considered is the Tenza Viaduct, a decommissioned structure south of Naples, Italy. Its primary elements, deck, piers and arches were analyzed. The evaluation was accomplished via numerical analyses that made possible to obtain the elements dynamic response when they are exposed to blast loading conditions. To evaluate the member's capacities, failure criteria for deck, piers and arches were proposed based on concrete damage parameters. Additionally, curves relating the explosive charge to the residual capacity and to damage level of the elements were also developed. The results of this work were taken into account to investigate the progressive collapse of the global structure.

• Architectural research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2013

The study establishes the analytical frame composed of 22 items according to the category of passageway, shop, entrance and amenity for the purpose of executing the empirical investigation of the Underground Public Pedestrian Facilities in Daegu Metropolitan City of Korea. As a result of the research work, the study finds out some problems about the facilities as follows: (1) Passageway elements - the skylight was constructed only in one place. In contrast, the standards of passageway and plaza were well-fulfilled except for one or two cases. (2) Shop elements - the cases of installing shops where they should not be located were found the most, and a case of over-establishing the shop area was found as well. (3) Entrance elements - the cases not matching roof or canopy standard over entrance facilities were found the most. Overall, the entrances and their connection to the adjacent buildings are appraised as not well-established. (4) Amenity elements - these were appraised as insufficient in all except two cases. Regarding this, not only necessary are the establishment of facilities and the effort of facility managers, but also urgent is the institutional improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.19-26
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• 2013

In this rapidly changing environment in 21st century, countries around the world interact closely with one another to respond to changes. Universities are not an exception in this trend. As the home of knowledge, universities are exercising more influence on the state and local communities than before as well as being asked to come up with new requirements to respond to such changes. The study aims to derive new concept of sustainable green campus planning based on theories and researches of university facilities planning and campus planning to respond to university's needs for sustainable growth, enhanced competitiveness and globalization. Through the case study of green campuses, this study analyzes the types and characteristics of green campuses, and redefines the elements of its architectural planning. Design elements drawn by centered architectural design are classified, and this research presents the new concept of campus planning by using this classified elements. This is a new concept of campus planning application as a prototype, and in the further study, a variety of examples and detailed sector research is required.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.9
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• pp.57-66
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• 1996

Sir John Sonae(1753-1837) was the most original English architect of 19c. his extremely personal style is superficially neo-classical but, romantic or ' picturesque' in its complicated and unexpected spatial interplay. The Soane's style was one of the curiosities of European architecture. Sir John Soane, like mackintosh, was best known for his interior spaces. He used his own house as a laboratory of spatial experimentation to develop his spatial ideas. The objective of this study was to examine his architectural style through his various architectural works and analyze . The Soane's Museum (his house, No.12.13.14 Lincoln's Inn Fields. London, UK) in order to find inter design elements which represent the best of Soane's interior design effects. As a result , this study found that Soane held no theories as to proportion . It gives the conditon of the building's freedom. He shows the ' primitivism facade and the simple neoclassical symmetry exterior arrangement. As interior design elements he used the layered structure, the natural skylight, the pendentive dome, the space in space, the pictures que style. These elements create magical interior space of the Sonane's Museum. THe spatial intrigue is further enhanced by various degrees of lighting that additionally emphasize the three-dimensional quality of the object loaded walls and piers. One can always look through to space beyond many individual object, both horizontally and vertically. These interior elements can be used for the modern interior design development in order to create the expansion of space and the territoriality of space.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

Reinforced concrete buildings will be deteriorated as passed time or effect of an earthquake, etc in main elements. In order to manage such cracks, time and efforts, expense, etc, are required. So micro lead switch sensors are embedding or bonding in flexible specimens, and these are smart elements for diagnostic crack damages by external force such as physical load, dynamic load, etc in this study. The monitoring to crack damages are studied using radio frequency system. If load is received on the center of flexible specimens, embedded and bonded lead switch sensors will be destroyed, and these become to send signals of damages at radio frequency system connected with lead switch sensors. This study is fundamental research of the diagnostic system for architectural elements using radio frequency.

• Architectural research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.73-84
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• 2023

Indoor thermal conditions greatly affect the health and comfort of humans who occupy the space in it. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of water and vegetation elements as a microclimate modifier in buildings to obtain thermal comfort through the study of thermal environment models. This research covers two objects, namely public buildings and housing in Makassar City, South Sulawesi Prov-ince - Indonesia. Quantitative methods through field surveys and measurements based on thermal and personal variables. Data analysis based on ASHRAE 55 2020 standard. The data was processed with a parametric statistical approach and then simulated with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation method to find a thermal prediction model. The model was made by increasing the ventilation area by 2.0 m2, adding 10% vegetation with shade plant characteristics, moving water features in the form of fountains and increasing the pool area by 15% to obtain PMV + 0.23, PPD + 8%, TSV-1 - +0, Ta_25.7℃, and relative humidity 63.5 - 66%. The evaluation shows that the operating temperature can analyze the visitor's comfort temperature range of >80% and comply with the ASHRAE 55-2020 standard. It is concluded that water elements and indoor vegetation can be microclimate modifiers in buildings to create desired comfort conditions and adaptive con-trols in buildings such as the arrangement of water elements and vegetation and ventilation systems to provide passive cooling effects in buildings.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.121-128
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• 2020

In this paper, the ASCE 7 equivalent static approach for seismic design of non-structural elements is critically evaluated based on the measured floor acceleration data, theory of structural dynamics, and linear/nonlinear dynamic analysis of three-dimensional building models. The analysis of this study on the up-to-date database of the instrumented buildings in California clearly reveals that the measured database does not well corroborate the magnitude and the profile of the floor acceleration as proposed by ASCE 7. The basic flaws in the equivalent static approach are illustrated using elementary structural dynamics. Based on the linear and nonlinear dynamic analyses of three-dimensional case study buildings, it is shown that the magnitude and distribution of the PFA (peak floor acceleration) can significantly be affected by the supporting structural characteristics such as fundamental period, higher modes, structural nonlinearity, and torsional irregularity. In general, the equivalent static approach yields more conservative acceleration demand as building period becomes longer, and the PFA distribution in long-period buildings tend to become constant along the building height due to the higher mode effect. Structural nonlinearity was generally shown to reduce floor acceleration because of its period-lengthening effect. Torsional floor amplification as high as 250% was observed in the building model of significant torsional irregularity, indicating the need for inclusion of the torsional amplification to the equivalent static approach when building torsion is severe. All these results lead to the conclusion that, if permitted, dynamic methods which can account for supporting structural characteristics, should be preferred for rational seismic design of non-structural elements.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.4 no.2 s.8
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• pp.9-24
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• 1995

Near the Capital Seoul in 19th century, a special architectural form was created by the Buddhist monks who were related with Royal families. Their temples, so called 'won-dang', were constructed as supplicating places for their patrons' happiness and heavenly bliss. Among buildings of a Won-dang temple, 'Great Hall', which was accepted as a new building type, was the most important, the earliest constructed, and the biggest one. This boiling type contained the complex functions of small chaples, living rooms of monks, kitchen and dining, and pilotied pavillions. This Great Hall was located at the front of Won-dang temples, the main worship halls were at the behind. The type of Won-dang was needed for the high female who were its powerful patrons, and was oliginated from the small Buddhist temples in rural areas. And the type was able to be domiciled itself at the Capital areas because of the existing architectural fondness of the regional architects and the patrons in high class.