• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.183-193
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study assessed the exercise programs for improving the spinal angle and trunk flexibility by applying the aquatic exercise and sling exercise to young adults with scoliosis. METHODS: The subjects were 14 participants diagnosed with scoliosis. They were assigned randomly either to an aquatic exercise group (n=7) that received the WATSU exercise program or to a sling exercise group (n=7) that received a sling exercise program. The exercise program was 50 minutes once, three times a week, 12 times for four weeks. The spinal angle and flexibility were measured using the Cobb's angle and modified sit and reach test, respectively. Two variables were analyzed before and after the intervention, and the aquatic exercise group and sling exercise group were compared. RESULTS: After the intervention, the Cobb's angle decreased significantly, and the flexibility increased significantly in both groups (p<.05). A larger increase in flexibility was observed in the aquatic exercise group than in the sling exercise group (p<.05). CONCLUSION: These results showed that the two exercise programs improved the spine angle and flexibility. The increased flexibility showed that aquatic exercise was more effective than the sling exercise. Therefore, aquatic exercise and sling exercise can be used in the treatment and prevention of scoliosis.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.189-201
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to know the effect of aquatic-exercise on muscle atrophy which induced by steroid injection. The forty-eight Sparague-Dawley adult male rats were assigned to the 4 groups; Group I (distilled water injection), Group II (steroid injection), Group III (distilled water injection with aquatic exercise), Group IV (steroid injection with aquatic exercise). We observed their body weight, muscle relative weight, myofibrillar protein content. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Body weight was decreased rapidly on steroid injection groups in comparison with distilled water injection groups after 2 weeks (p<0.01), but that was almost recovered as before test on steroid injection group with aquatic exercise. 2. The relative weight of gastrocnemius muscles was decreased on steroid injection groups in comparison with distilled water injection groups. however, Decrease of it on steroid injection group with aquatic exercise for steroid injection group was fallen. There was very significant difference after 4 weeks (p<0.01). 3. Myofibrillar protein content of gastrocnemius muscles was decreased on steroid injection groups in comparison with distilled water injection groups. however, Decrease of it on steroid injection group with aquatic exercise for steroid injection group was fallen. There was significant difference after 4 weeks (p<0.05).

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an additional weight aquatic exercise program on the balance and lower extremity strength on aquatic environment in persons with stroke. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: All subjects were randomly divided into three groups where thirteen subjects were in the additional weight aquatic exercise group, twelve subjects in the aquatic exercise group, and fifteen subjects in the control group. Subjects received a graded aquatic exercise program for 30 minutes, with 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks, and subjects in all groups received conventional physical therapy. All subjects were assessed with the Medical Research Council (MRC), the Berg Balance scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and 10-meter walk test (10MWT) pre and post intervention. Results: The MRC, BBS, TUG, and 10MWT scores significantly improved post-intervention (p<0.05), and the control group also had significantly improved in all areas post-treatment (p<0.05). In addition, it has been confirmed that the additional weight aquatic exercise group had significantly improved in MRC, BBS, and TUG scores compared with the aquatic exercise and control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggested that the additional weight aquatic exercise program improves lower extremity and balance in persons with stroke.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2023

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of combined conventional exercise therapy plus respiratory exercise program with combined conventional exercise therapy plus aqua exercise program in the pulmonary function of subacute stroke patients. METHODS: The respiratory exercise program group underwent inspiration and expiration training using the Threshold IMT and Threshold PEP three days per week for four weeks. The aquatic exercise program group had aquatic aerobics, halliwick, and bad ragaz ring training three days per week for four weeks. Before and after the experiment, Pony fx was used to examine the FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, VC, and MVV. RESULTS: Significant improvement was found after the experiment in the FVC. FEV1, VC, MVV, excepting FEV1/FVC, of the pulmonary function in the aquatic exercise program group. After the experiment, significant improvement was found in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, VC, and MVV of pulmonary function in the respiratory rehabilitation therapy group. No significant difference in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, VC, and MVV of pulmonary function was observed in the inter-group comparison. CONCLUSION: Significant improvement was found after the experiment in both the aquatic exercise program group and the respiratory exercise program group. No difference in pulmonary function was noted in the inter-group comparison. Therefore, combining general exercise therapy and an aquatic or respiratory exercise program is expected to be effective for the pulmonary function of acute stroke patients. These results are expected to provide basic data to help research intervention of aquatic and respiratory exercise programs for subacute stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the effect of aquatic exercise on balance and depression of stroke patients. Methods: For 12 participants with stroke, six members of the experimental group and six members of the control group were randomly selected and arranged. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) lower extremity aquatic pattern exercise was applied to the experimental group. On the other hand, participants in the control group performed PNF lower extremity pattern exercise on the ground. Both exercises were performed 30 minutes per day, five times per week, for a period of six weeks. Balance was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up to Go test (TUG). Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies depression scale (CES-D). Results: As a result of comparison within groups, the experimental group showed significant difference for balance and depression after the experiment (p<0.05). In comparison between the two groups, the experimental group in which aquatic exercise was applied showed more significant change in balance and depression than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, aquatic exercise was proven to enhance the balance and decrease the depression of stroke patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.571-580
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to compare the effects among Tai-Chi exercise, aquatic Exercise, and a self-help program for knee osteoarthritis patients on symptoms of arthritis, muscle strength, balance, and difficulty of performing activities. Method: There were 50 final subjects50. A non-equivalent pretest-posttest design was used. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS for Window. One-way ANOVA and Scheffe's multiple comparison test were used 8weeks after each program. Result: There were significant differences in joint pain(p=.000), stillness (p=.001), knee extensor peak torque(p=.006), knee flexor(p=.002), and difficult of performing activity (p=.000), but there was no significant difference in balance(p=.648). The Tai-Chi group was significantly different from the self-help group for knee extensor peak torque, knee flexor and stiffness on Scheffe's multiple comparison tests. In addition, the Tai Chi group or aquatic group were significantly different from the self-help group for difficulty of performing activities(p<0.05). Conclusion: There are significant differences in the effects of the nursing intervention among the three groups. The Tai Chi group and aquatic group were significantly different from the self-help group. However, it seems that Tai-chi exercise may be more suitable than aquatic exercise in osteoarthritis exercise programs. Further studies with a longitudinal study are necessary to confirm the longer exercise period.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.656-664
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• 2009

The purposes of this study were to examine whether aquatic exercise has influence on the neuroplasticity and vestibulo-motor function in diffuse brain injury rats. 80 Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups; Group I: control group (n=20), Group II: aquatic exercise (n=20), Group III: treadmill exercise with change of velocity and inclination (n=20), Group IV: simple treadmill exercise (n=20). And we applied exercise each groups for 3 weeks except Group I. Before the rats were sacrificed to identify immunohistochemistry study at each time of measurement day, Rota-Rod test was given to assess changes in vestibulomotor function. then, the immunohistochemistry study of GAP-43 in discrete regions of the rat brain was performed to measure changes in neuroplasticity. The results demonstrate that aquatic exercise group is more effective than other groups. expression of GAP-43 and vestibulo-motor function were increased most in aquatic exercise group. Therefore, this study suggest that aquatic exercise may effective therapeutic approach to increase neuroplasticity and vestibulo-motor function in traumatic brain injury.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.91-107
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of breathing exercise in the water on the pulmonary function and maximum phonation time in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: The subjects were 24 children with cerebral palsy at GMFCS levels I-III, who were allocated randomly to either the aquatic breathing exercise group or general breathing exercise group 12 subjects per group. Each subject was required to complete 40 minutes of exercise twice a week for eight weeks. Those in the aquatic breathing exercise group performed aquatic breathing exercise, whereas those in the general breathing exercise group performed general aquatic exercise. RESULTS: Significant differences in $FEV_1$, PEF, VC, TV, ERV, and maximum phonation time were observed in the aquatic breathing exercise group after intervention, but there were no significant differences in either FVC, $FEV_1/FVC$, IC, or IRV. In the general breathing exercise group, there were no significant differences in the FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1/FVC$, PEF, VC, IC, TV, IRV, ERV, and maximum phonation time after intervention. In terms of the pulmonary function, the two groups showed a significant difference in the change in $FEV_1$, PEF, and TV after intervention, but not in the FVC, $FEV_1/FVC$, VC, IC, ERV, IRV, and maximum phonation time. CONCLUSION: These results above show that aquatic breathing exercise training in water is more effective in improving the pulmonary function than general breathing exercise training.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.218-226
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• 2009

This study conducted the following experiment to examine effects of bone metabolism on aquatic exercise, Drynariae Rhizoma and aquatic exercise with Drynariae Rhizoma. This experiment was conducted to compare bone strength, bone mineral density, weight, change of femur, osteocalcin, ALP, Ca and P effects by aquatic exercise for 6 weeks, Drynariae Rhizoma and Drynariae Rhizoma for aquatic exercise with 40 SD rats of postoophorectomy osteoporosis and it divided 10 subjects. experiment group (I) is applying postoophorectomy osteoporosis group, (II) is applying aquatic exercise group, (III) is applying Drynariae Rhizoma group and (IV) is applying aquatic exercise with Drynariae Rhizoma group. These result lead us to the conclusion that osteocalcin were showed a statically increase and blood Ca level were showed a statically decrease on other groups compare to group(I). Consequently, aquatic exercise and Drynariae Rhizoma would be lead to increment of bone metabolism on postoophorectomy osteoporosis.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.21-30
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to know the effect of aquatic-exercise on muscle atrophy which induced by steroid injection. The forty-eight Sparague-Dawley adult male rats were assigned to the 4 groups; GroupI(distilled water injection), GroupII(steroid injection), GroupIII(distilled water injection and aquatic exercise), GroupIV(steroid injection and aquatic exercise). We observed their body weight, histological change by PAS stein. The results of this study were as follows; 1. After 2 weeks, the change of weights appeared that non-steroid injection groups increase weight and steroid injection groups decreased weight hasty. after 4 weeks, weights recovered from weight before test. It was possible to explain the change of weight by type II muscle fiber increase. 2. In histological change of muscle fibers, atrophy didn't observed in test group I, because type II muscle fibers were developed well. we observed not only injury of muscle fiber and muscle atrophy but specifically grouping type I muscle fiber in test group II. normal arrangement of muscle fibers were visible in test group and type II muscle fibers increased. we could observe muscle recovery because of type II muscle fibers increase in test group IV. therefore, it was seem that type II cell was recovering through aquatic exercise.