• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.343-353
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• 2016

Oligochaetes distribute widely in freshwater ecosystem, and some species are used as bioindicators for water quality assessment because they are tolerant to organic enrichment. They are acknowledged for potential for environmental health recovery of organic polluted environment. There are a lot of studies on ecology and toxicity assessment using oligochaetes in aquatic environment. In this study, we reviewed literature on ecotoxicology of aquatic oligochaetes. We searched literature from a database 'google scholar' by using keywords such as aquatic, oligochaete, and toxicity. The literature were summarized according to publication years, species, test methods, and chemicals. We obtained 133 articles published from 1953 to 2015 from the database. Among them, 58 papers(43.6% of total) have been published in 1990s. Three species(Lumnbriculus variegatus, Tubifex tubifex, and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri) have been used most frequently in the study. Different species displayed different toxicological responses to different toxic chemicals. The results on the ecotoxicological study with aquatic oligochaetes revealed the possibility of the development for early warning system using aquatic oligochaetes to monitor aquatic ecosystem disturbance.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.222-227
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in heart rate according to recovery methods after circuit weight training exercise. Fourteen men in their twenties were selected as subjects, and three sets of circuit weight training were performed by cycling six sports, and two recovery conditions (dynamic and static) were performed immediately after exercise. Changes in heart rate did not have an interactive effect according to recovery method and time, and both conditions showed significant changes between sets 1 and 2, and between sets 3 and after recovery. In this study, the high heart rate of 2 sets and 3 sets was seen as a result of exercise stimulation, and the low heart rate of 1 set was thought to be due to the decrease in vagus nerve activity rather than the role of catecholamines. On the other hand, the heart rate after 20 minutes of exercise did not show any difference according to the recovery method, which could mean that the recovery process due to the aquatic environment can act more strongly than the process of dynamic recovery and static recovery. It is thought that the characteristics affected the sensory and circulation of the body, and thus the change of the afferent signal and the level of metabolic products generated in the active muscle.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.25.1-25.6
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• 2018

The main objective of this study was to provide anesthetic criteria of clove oil for an effective manipulation and transportation of red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara. When anesthesia temperature (20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$) and concentration of clove oil (25, 50, and 75 ppm) were increased, the anesthesia and recovery time decreased and tended to be similar to each other between juvenile and adult. Also, as the temperature and concentration increased, the ratio of exposure time and recovery time between juvenile and adult were decreased. When plasma cortisol concentrations were compared for 48 h after anesthesia with 50 ppm of clove oil, both the juvenile and adult fish grew up to 12 h; however, thereafter decreased and there was no significant difference from control at 48 h.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 1994

The recovery posibility of granular sludge inactivated due to high organic loading at stawrt-up stage of UASB reactors was examined at various storage periods while kept at a constant temperature of $35^{\circ}C$. It was noticed that the inactivated sludge kept without feeding recovered microbial activity much faster than that kept with continuous feeding. The activity of the sludge gradually recovered to the point where the organic removal rate of 0.15g of 0.15g COD/g VSS-day at the inactivated stage had changed to 0.36g COD/g VSS-day after 60 days of storage without feeding, which was similar to the active granular sludge activity of 0.38g COD/g VSS-day. There was no significant different in the characteristics of activity recovery between granular sludge and smashed sludge.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2008

Malachite green (MG), a triphenylmethane dye, is carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, a respiratory toxin, and causes chromosomal fractures. It is not permitted for use as an aquaculture veterinary drug in a number of countries. Sensitive extraction methods for MG and leucomalachite green (LMG), which have long residence times in fish tissues, were developed. For LMG, the average recovery of liquid extraction (LE) ranged from 41.71 (yellowtail) to 71.60% (snakehead); the recovery of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) was between 67.68 (yellowtail) and 83.68% (snakehead); and the average recovery of solid-phase extraction (SPE) ranged from 84.16 (yellowtail) to 92.92% (shrimp). The recovery of MG was less than 30% with SPE. However, the dye is found primarily as the colorless reduced leuco form in fish tissues.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.232-240
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• 2019

Approximately 80% of the world's sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicas are processed into dried sea cucumbers. The hot air-drying method is currently used in industry, but it has many problems, such as a short drying time, severe browning, high nutrition loss, and low recovery. In this study, the moisture absorption rate, dry recovery rate, and lipid nutrient composition of sea cucumber dried by heat pump decompression and with a hybrid dryer were investigated. The moisture absorption rates for hybrid-dried sea cucumbers at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h were 241.3%, 427.7%, 652.0%, 721.0%, and 742.2%, respectively. The moisture absorption rates for hot air-dried sea cucumbers were 155.8%, 240.0%, 390.3%, 655.5%, and 667.4%, respectively. Thus, moisture absorption was faster and greater with hybrid drying than with hot air drying. The dry recovery rate at 24 h was greater for hybrid-dried sea cucumber (70.7%) than for hot air-dried sea cucumber (59.8%). Saturated fatty acid contents of the hybrid- and hot air-dried sea cucumbers were 30.0% and 37.5%, respectively. Moreover, greater ${\Sigma}n-3$ polyunsaturated fatty acid content was found in hybrid-dried sea cucumber (15.8%) than in hot air-dried sea cucumber (11.7%).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.178-186
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• 2015

Protease inhibitors (PI) of trypsin and papain as target proteases from the roe of bastard halibut Paralichthys olivaceus were fractionated out using ammonium sulfate precipitation (A), DEAE 650M anion exchange chromatography (D), and Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration (S). The recovery percentages of the fractions with the strongest inhibitory activity for each fractionation method were 13% for the A4 fraction, 21.2% for the D3 fraction, and 21.3% for the S2 fraction, with specific inhibitory activities of the fractions toward trypsin and casein of 168, 139, and 218 U/mg, respectively, while no inhibition of papain was observed. The $IC_{50}$ for the trypsin-specific substrate $N{\alpha}$-benzoyl-$\small{L}$-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) was 0.65, 1.55, 2.26, and 2.85 mg/mL for the A4, S2, A3, and D3 fractions, respectively. These results suggest that chromatographic fractionation methods (D and S) based on the molecular mass and charge of the protein were more effective at fractionating PI than was ammonium sulfate precipitation based on protein solubility, and that the bastard halibut roe extract acts as a serine protease inhibitor. Therefore, the PI fraction from fish roe might be useful for inhibiting proteases in foodstuffs, and could constitute an alternative food-grade inhibitor for the surimi industry.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.21-30
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to know the effect of aquatic-exercise on muscle atrophy which induced by steroid injection. The forty-eight Sparague-Dawley adult male rats were assigned to the 4 groups; GroupI(distilled water injection), GroupII(steroid injection), GroupIII(distilled water injection and aquatic exercise), GroupIV(steroid injection and aquatic exercise). We observed their body weight, histological change by PAS stein. The results of this study were as follows; 1. After 2 weeks, the change of weights appeared that non-steroid injection groups increase weight and steroid injection groups decreased weight hasty. after 4 weeks, weights recovered from weight before test. It was possible to explain the change of weight by type II muscle fiber increase. 2. In histological change of muscle fibers, atrophy didn't observed in test group I, because type II muscle fibers were developed well. we observed not only injury of muscle fiber and muscle atrophy but specifically grouping type I muscle fiber in test group II. normal arrangement of muscle fibers were visible in test group and type II muscle fibers increased. we could observe muscle recovery because of type II muscle fibers increase in test group IV. therefore, it was seem that type II cell was recovering through aquatic exercise.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.19-33
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• 2013

China is the world's largest producer of aquatic products and its fishery sector is comprised primarily of aquaculture facilities, both fresh and seawater, and a much smaller wild catch component. The expansion of the aquaculture sector continues to boost China's aquatic output. The increase is attributable to several factors. Among them rapidly growing domestic demand is no doubt one of the most important reasons. Rapid economic growth and rising disposable income are influencing domestic consumption and the economic recovery of major import markets is further stimulating consumption of China's aquatic products. This paper tries to examine the status, trend and reasons of consumption of aquatic products in China. Based on the analysis on the consumption of aquatic products and its change, this paper utilizes panel regression model to estimate the affecting factors of aquatic products consumption in China. By using panel data between 1997 and 2010, the results indicate that income, urbanization, aging and dummy variable have positive effects and fish price index has negative effect on China's aquatic products consumption as predicted. However, effects of meat consumption and education on fishery consumption are totally opposite with our predictions. In other words, it turns out that meat consumption has positive effect on fish consumption while education turns out to have negative effect. Finally the member of household does not show any significant effect on consumption of aquatic products in China.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.122-128
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• 1998

Characteristic changes in chlorophyll fluorescence from thalli of red alga, Porphyra, under high salt stress and during subsequent recovery were investigated, and the differences in the sensitivity to the stress among four species of Porphyra with different intertidal distributions were compared. By the treatment of NaCl with $9\%$ or higher concentrations, photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) decreased in a biphasic pattern: a rapid decrease was observed within 1­3 h and followed by a slow decline. The decrease of Fv/Fm was mainly due to the increase of Fo without significant increases of Fm. When the thalli treated with $15\%$ NaCl for 6 h were returned to natural sea water for recovery, the increase of Fv/Fm also showed a biphasic pattern: a rapid increase of Fv/Fm was observed within 2 h and followed by a slow increase. Differences in the sensitivity to salt stress among the four species could be found during recovery after the treatment of severe salt stress. After the treatment of $20\%$ NaCl for 6 h, Fv/Fm decreased below 0.3 in all of the four Porphyra species, and the species living in upper parts of the intertidal zone (P. suborbiculata and P. pseudolinearis) could recover better compared with the species in lower parts of the intertidal zone (P. seriata and P. yezoensis), during recovery for 24 h. The species collected from the coast of the South Sea seemed to be more tolerant than those in the East Sea.