• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.185-194
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• 2014

Seasonal monitoring was implemented to understand the influence of macrophyte bed structure on the composition and trophic interaction of aquatic organisms (algae, zooplankton, macro-invertebrate, and fish) in a shallow wetland (Upo Wetland, South Korea). Distinct division of the plant assemblage (reed zone and mixed plant zone) was observed. The reed zone was composed solely of Phragmites communis, whereas the mixed plant zone comprised a diverse macrophyte assemblage (Salvinia natans, Spirodela polyrhiza, Trapa japonica, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Hydrilla verticillata). Most of the aquatic organisms were more abundant in the mixed plant zone than in the reed zone, and this was positively associated with the seasonal development of macrophyte cover. Stable isotope analysis showed seasonal interactions among aquatic organisms. The majority of aquatic animal (zooplankton, Odonata, and Ephemeroptera) were dependent on epiphytic particulate organic matter (EPOM), and the dependence on EPOM gradually increased toward autumn. Interestingly, Lepomis macrochirus consumed Ephemeroptera and zooplankton in both macrophyte zones, but Micropterus salmoides depended on different food items in the reed zone and the mixed plant zone. Although, M. salmoides in the reed zone showed food utilization similar to L. macrochirus, it consumed Odonata or small L. macrochirus in the mixed plant zone. Based on these results, it appears that differences in the structure of the two macrophyte zones support different assemblages of aquatic organisms, strongly influencing the trophic interactions between the aquatic organisms.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.222-237
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• 1998

In an attempt to investigate the effect of long-term aquatic exercise program on lower limbs' muscle strength, knee Joint flexion, pain reduction and weight changes with aquatic exercise program. Forty three women with arthritis were pre and post tested for changes of muscle strength, range of motion, weight and pain. This data was collected from April 1, 1997 to February 24, 1998. The mean age was 52.5. Statistically significant in lower limbs' muscle strength with an aquatic exercise program by age, BMI, education, rheumatic drug use, illness duration until 12 weeks after experiment. Statistically significant in knee joint flexion with aquatic exercise program by age, BMI, education, rheumatic drug use, illness duration until 12 weeks after experiment. Statistically significant in pain reduction with aquatic exercise program by age, BMI, education, rheumatic drug use, illness duration until 12 weeks after experiment. Statistically significant in weight changes with aquatic exercise program by age, BMI, education, rheumatic drug use, illness duration until 6 weeks after experiment. As a conclusion, aquatic exercise programs for the patients with arthritis require at least 12 weeks and a variety of aquatic exercise programs for the effective control should be developed.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.185-196
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify influencing factors adherence and dropout of aquatic exercise in patients who had been diagnosed chronic arthritis. Subjects were 54 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis who had participated in the 6-week aquatic exercise program in Taejon metropolitan city. Data was collected from march 25 to April 25, 1999 through face to face and telephone interview. Result are as follows. Fourteen subjects(26.0%) were adherer who was keeping aquatic exercise. The reasons of aquatic exercise adherence were improvements of physical and affectional factors. And the major reasons of dropout was an environment factors(65.8%) and second reasons was physical factors(34.2%). Participants of friends(r=.34, p=.014) was significantly associated with the total duration of an aquatic exercise adherence. For these results, the nurse who care to patients with arthritis have to encourage to maintain aquatic exercise within six month after they begin aquatic exercise.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.77-96
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• 1999

Since the onset of its economic reform and the open door policy in the late 1970s, China's overall economic growth rate has been continuing about 10% per year. The marine sector is not allowed exception, aquatic products increased sharply from 4.66 million MT in 1978 to 36.02 million MT in 1997, and then China is remained the largest producing country in the world aquatic market and her role would be expanded. Korea having a common boundaries to China is subjected unescapably both in domestic and export markets by the influence of the remarkable growth of China's aquatic products. If China were admitted entrance of WTO(World Trade Organization)in the near future, her influence is getting more serious. Well, we are necessary to understand the characteristics of China's aquatic products and to review fishery policies implemented by the China government. This paper is organized into two major parts, the one includes the structural changes of aquatic products, fishing and cultivating in the coast, latent and estimated production in China, and the other includes the main contents of fishery policies and measures of government administration. A characteristic of China's aquatic products is that cultivated production, especially, shellfish outputs continues to rapid increase. The major means of administration are an execution of fishing license system and setting up no-fishing zone and closed season for fishery. China is no longer a marginal player in international economic and world aquatic market. So, we will not only understand China's aquatic conditions and problems, but will also see the usefulness in continuing the cooperative relationship for a long time to come.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an additional weight aquatic exercise program on the balance and lower extremity strength on aquatic environment in persons with stroke. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: All subjects were randomly divided into three groups where thirteen subjects were in the additional weight aquatic exercise group, twelve subjects in the aquatic exercise group, and fifteen subjects in the control group. Subjects received a graded aquatic exercise program for 30 minutes, with 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks, and subjects in all groups received conventional physical therapy. All subjects were assessed with the Medical Research Council (MRC), the Berg Balance scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and 10-meter walk test (10MWT) pre and post intervention. Results: The MRC, BBS, TUG, and 10MWT scores significantly improved post-intervention (p<0.05), and the control group also had significantly improved in all areas post-treatment (p<0.05). In addition, it has been confirmed that the additional weight aquatic exercise group had significantly improved in MRC, BBS, and TUG scores compared with the aquatic exercise and control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggested that the additional weight aquatic exercise program improves lower extremity and balance in persons with stroke.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.277-287
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• 2023

Since the first discovery of antibiotics, introduction of new antibiotics has been coupled with the occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Rapid dissemination of ARB and ARGs in the aquatic environments has become a global concern. ARB and ARGs have been already disseminated in the aquatic environments via various routes. Main hosts of most of ARGs were found to belong to Gammaproteobacteria class, including clinically important potential pathogens. Transmission of ARGs also occurs by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) mechanisms between bacterial strains in the aquatic environments, resulting in ubiquity of ARGs. Thus, a few of ARGs and MGEs (e.g., strA, sul1, int1) have been suggested as indicators for global comparability of contamination level in the aquatic environments. With ARB and ARGs contamination, the occurrence of critical pathogens has been globally issued due to their widespread in the aquatic environments. Thus, active surveillance systems have been launched worldwide. In this review, we described advancement of methodologies for ARGs detection, and occurrence of ARB and ARGs and their dissemination in the aquatic environments. Even though numerous studies have been conducted for ARB and ARGs, there is still no clear strategy to tackle antibiotic resistance (AR) in the aquatic environments. At least, for consistent surveillance, a strict framework should be established for further research in the aquatic environments.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2019

Due to the rapid global expansion of aquaculture industry during the past decades, production volume of aquatic organisms has accordingly grown. This has been accompanied by a rise in the incidence of diseases in aquatic organisms, leading to an increased use of aquatic medicines. While aquatic medicines are essential for the prevention and treatment of diseases of aquatic organisms, misuse can cause evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and pose serious problems to the safety and hygiene of fisheries products. In this study, we surveyed and compared, by analyzing data compiled by all national control centers for aquatic animal diseases in South Korea, to estimate the amount of aquatic medicines sold in different regions between 2012 through 2015. Since we also examined the marketing routes of aquatic medicines, this basic data can be utilized for policy implementation to improve drug safety. In the future research, however, it will be clearly necessary to estimate directly the amounts of drugs actually applied to aquaculture organisms. The current sales figure data should be helpful for preparation of an effective system for aquatic drug use management.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.437-446
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• 2023

Cyprinids are popular species for aquaculture worldwide, with Asia being a significant contributor to their production. In Korea, common carp (Cyprinus carpio), koi carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus), and goldfish (Carassius auratus) are cultivated domestically and imported for ornamental or human consumption purposes. Among the viruses that infect cyprinids, cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (CyHV-2), koi herpesvirus (KHV, also known as cyprinid herpesvirus-3), and carp edema virus (CEV) are of particular concern as they cause substantial economic losses to the aquaculture industry. In this study, we investigated these viruses in both of domestic and imported cyprinids. Our results revealed that CyHV-2 was only detected in imported goldfish from Thailand. To further investigate the genetic characteristics of them, the marker A region was analyzed. Despite belonging to the same cluster with isolates from China, France, Poland, and Israel, CyHV-2 detected in this study showed distinct differences in their repetitive sequence sizes. Furthermore, two different forms of KHV/CEV coinfection were identified from domestic koi carp, both of which exhibited typical symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis showed that one KHV isolate (ScKc-2105-K) was of the Asian type and closely related to isolates from Japan, Indonesia, Belgium, Taiwan, and China. Two CEV isolates (ScKc-2105-CE and GhKc-2207-CE) be- longed to the IIa type and showed high similarity with isolates from the USA, France, and Korea. Notably, koi carp injected with cultured KHV (ScKc-2105-K) showed 78.0% cumulative mortality within 14 days post-injection (dpi). Our findings support the importance of regular surveillance of viral diseases in cyprinids.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.158-159
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• 2003

Although the sub-chronic toxic effects of metal on fishes are well documented, that is mostly in fishes exposed to waterborne metal but few studied have been conducted on the effects of dietary metal (Handy, 1996). The realization that dietary uptake of metal is a major cause of long-term contamination in wild fish has renewed interest in the nutritional and toxicological effects of metal in the food of fishes (Handy, 1996). (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.178-179
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• 2006