• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 2017

PURPOSE: Regular physical activity in the elderly population has significant benefits for health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aquatic group exercise on body composition and mental health of the elderly females. METHODS: This study included 40 elderly women. The aquatic group exercise program was performed for an hour a day, 3 times a week for 12 weeks with moderate-intensity level. The body composition, physical fitness mental health instruments were used to measure the outcome variables before and after the program. Data was analyzed with SPSS using descriptive statistics and the t-test. RESULTS: It was found that the 12 week aquatic group exercise program had effects on body mass and BMR were significantly improved after the intervention of this study. In health related physical fitness, flexibility and sense of balance were significantly increased in the participants. In the mental health of the female elderly participants were evaluated in areas such as depression, sense of isolation, interpersonal anxiety, and sociality. They showed significant change in a positive way. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that aquatic group exercise should be activated and encouraged to enhance physical and mental health of elderly women and various types of manuals should be developed according to characteristics of programs to operate this exercise more effectively.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the aquatic exercise program on lower muscle strength, balance and gait activity on 12 weeks aquatic exercise program in the elderly women. Methods : The Subjects in this study were 20 aged 70s who were long-term residents admitted to elderly nursing home of S, Gyeongsangnam province. They performed aquatic exercise programs 60-minute sessions, 3 times a week for 12 weeks. The physical evaluation was used for measuring lower muscle strength, balance activity was used for measuring balance testing, and gait activity was used for measuring gait velocity and maximal step length evaluation. All data were analyzed by paired t-Test by SPSS(version18.0). P-values of <.05 were considered significant. Results : Lower extremity muscle strength, static dynamic balance and gait activity were significantly increased both in the exercise group and between groups. Conclusion : This study suggests that aquatic exercise program has an effect on lower extremity muscle strength, balance and gait activity of the elderly women. Therefore, it is considered as a safe and helpful self-support activity for the elderly people.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the effect of aquatic exercise on balance and depression of stroke patients. Methods: For 12 participants with stroke, six members of the experimental group and six members of the control group were randomly selected and arranged. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) lower extremity aquatic pattern exercise was applied to the experimental group. On the other hand, participants in the control group performed PNF lower extremity pattern exercise on the ground. Both exercises were performed 30 minutes per day, five times per week, for a period of six weeks. Balance was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up to Go test (TUG). Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies depression scale (CES-D). Results: As a result of comparison within groups, the experimental group showed significant difference for balance and depression after the experiment (p<0.05). In comparison between the two groups, the experimental group in which aquatic exercise was applied showed more significant change in balance and depression than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, aquatic exercise was proven to enhance the balance and decrease the depression of stroke patients.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.45.1-45.5
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• 2016

As a novel strategy to remove ${\beta}$-lactam antibiotic residues from fish tissues, utilization of ${\beta}$-lactamase, enzyme that normally degrades ${\beta}$-lactam structure-containing drugs, was explored. The enzyme (TEM-52) selectively degraded ${\beta}$-lactam antibiotics but was completely inactive against tetracycline-, quinolone-, macrolide-, or aminoglycoside-structured antibacterials. After simultaneous administration of the enzyme with cefazolin (a ${\beta}$-lactam antibiotic) to the carp, significantly lowered tissue cefazolin levels were observed. It was confirmed that the enzyme successfully reached the general circulation after intraperitoneal administration, as the carp serum obtained after enzyme injection could also degrade cefazolin ex vivo. These results suggest that antibiotics-degrading enzymes can be good candidates for antibiotic residue depuration.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2012

Background: This study has conducted an experiment on 14 disabled hemiplegia (female) introduced from D rehabilitation welfare center, sorted out subjects who will enthusiastically and sincerely follow the experiment for 8 weeks (before-after), and grouped them into control group (7 people), and aquatic exercise program group (7 people). After researching the effect of application of exercise program to hemiplegia on physical function and length of lower limb, we have come to the following conclusion. In case of hemiplegia, we have concluded that aquatic exercise program can aid muscle strengthening and lower limb since aquatic exercise program activates physical function and deep muscle, showing a positive influence on muscular strength and flexibility, and a significant influence on balance of lower limb. This result is considered to make people recognize the importance of rehabilitation exercise when making a program for daily life activity, injury prevention, and treatment for hemiplegia, and we believe that such reference will be proposed as a theoretical basis for application of aquatic exercise program to hemiplegia, and further be a great aid to similar studies.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

Purpose : This meta-analysis was aimed at guiding future research in stroke treatment and to provide real-world data relating to the effects of aquatic exercise therapy on balance in patients with chronic stroke. Methods : We performed a meta-analysis comprising 22 studies involving aquatic exercise therapy performed between 2006 and 2017. A meta-analysis software program was used to calculate the mean effect size, effect size by intervention, and effect size by outcome. We also performed a meta-regression analysis and an analysis of publishing bias. Results : The mean effect size was 0.563. The effect size by outcome was observed to be the largest for the functional reach test, followed by the Berg balance scale, balance equipment, the Timed Up and Go test and one leg standing. Meta-regression analysis showed that effect size increased with an increase in the duration, number, length of exercise session. Conclusion : Aquatic exercise therapy appears to show a moderate effect on balance in patients with chronic stroke. A meta-analysis is warranted for further research to determine the effects of aquatic exercise on walking, muscle strength, and range of motion.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.157-166
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• 2008

Streptococcal diseases are known as serious problems in fresh water and marine fish culture industry worldwide. Recently, the importance of the infection of Streptococcus parauberis has been increased among the streptococcicosis since severe outbreaks in cultured olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were recorded in Korea. The aims of the present study were to investigate immunomodulatory differences between S. parauberis and S. iniae. In this study, S. parauberis isolated from diseased olive flounder was investigated on the characteristics of morphological and immune responses. Immune response of the fish to the pathogen was characterized by bactericidal activity in the serum, phagocytic activity and reactive oxygen intermediaters (ROIs) production of olive flounder. The capsules of both bacteria, S. parauberis and S. iniae seem to be associated with the ability to resist killing activity of normal sera. Also, capsulated strains could survive in the phagocytes and induce to lower ROIs production.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.592-597
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• 2008

Current water quality standard (WQS) in Korea is based on the protection of human health, not considering the protection of aquatic organisms. Most of chemicals can be toxic to ecological biota as well as human. Health of aquatic biota is closely related to the human health via food chain, therefore ecological risk based-WQS needs to be developed to protect the aquatic ecosystem. In this study, we selected the 31 chemicals in the Project entitled 'Development of integrated methodology for evaluation of water environment'. The methodology for calculating water quality criteria was derived from the Australian and New Zealand processes for deriving guideline trigger value for aquatic ecosystem. The available ecotoxicity data were collected from US EPA's ECOTOXicology Database (ECOTOX), TOX-2000 Database, European Chemicals Bureau (ECB)'s International Uniform Chemical Information Database (IUCLID) and Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)'s report 'Ambient Water Quality Criteria (AWQC)'. The aquatic toxicity data for the Korean species were selected for risk assessment to reflect the Korean water environment. The monitoring values were calculated from the water quality monitoring data four main Korean rivers. We suggested the order of priorities of chemicals based on ecological risk assessment. We expect that these results can be useful information for establishing the WQS for the protection of aquatic ecosystem.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.838-844
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• 2016

In this study, epidemiological cut-off values were estimated for 44 Photobacterium damselae isolates, since clinical breakpoints have not been established for this pathogenic bacterium. The susceptibility of the isolates to 10 antibiotics was evaluated using internationally standardized disc diffusion protocols. Normalized resistance interpretation was used to generate statistically valid epidemiological cut-off values for the susceptibility data. There were not enough strains exhibiting full sensitivity to ampicillin and amoxicillin to allow analysis of these antibiotics. Because there were only a marginally sufficient number of strains exhibiting full sensitivity to oxytetracycline, the cut-off value generated provided only a provisional estimate. The valid wild-type cut-off values were <13, 13, 9, 22, 25, 27, and 28 mm for gentamicin, cephalexin, erythromycin, oxolinic acid, flumequine, florfenicol, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, respectively. The application of these cut-off values should greatly facilitate the rational selection of antibiotics for use in commercial fish farms.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.141-148
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• 2019

Purpose: The present study investigated the effects of 12-week aquatic exercise training on isokinetic muscle function of the shoulder in adolescents with cerebral palsy. Methods: The study included four male and four female adolescents with cerebral palsy. Isokinetic muscle function was measured at an angular velocity of $60^{\circ}/s$, using Biodex System VI Pro. The peak torques of internal rotation and external rotation were measured before and after training. Aquatic exercise training was performed once a day for 120 min, 4 times a week for 12 weeks. Results: The peak torque of external rotation according to body weight and mean power of internal rotation were significantly higher after training (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that 12-week aquatic training for adolescents with cerebral palsy can improve isokinetic muscle function of the shoulder. Future studies should analyze the changes in isokinetic muscle function of the shoulder in more detail using various aquatic exercise programs to investigate their effects on individuals with cerebral palsy.