• 한국측량학회지
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• 제30권6_2호
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• pp.593-605
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• 2012

LiDAR systems provide dense and accurate topographic information. A pre-requisite to achieving the potential accuracy of LiDAR is having a proper system calibration, which aims at estimating all the systematic errors in the system measurements and the mounting parameters relating the different components. This paper presents a rigorous and two approximate methods for LiDAR system calibration. The rigorous approach makes use of the LiDAR equation and the system raw measurements. The approximate approaches utilize simplified LiDAR equations using some assumptions, which allow for less strict requirements regarding the raw measurements. The first presented approximate method, denoted as quasi-rigorous, assumes that we are dealing with a vertical platform (i.e., small pitch and roll angles). This method requires time-tagged point cloud and trajectory position data. The second approximate method, denoted as simplified, assumes that we are dealing with parallel strips, vertical platform, and minor terrain elevation variations compared to the flying height above ground. Such method can be performed using the LiDAR point cloud only. Experimental results using a real dataset, whose characteristics deviate to some extent from the utilized assumptions in the approximate methods, are presented to provide a comparative analysis of the outcome from the introduced methods.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.449-457
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• 2000

The paper describes the study of global approximate optimization utilizing soft computing techniques such as genetic algorithms (GA's), neural networks (NN's), and fuzzy inference systems(FIS). GA's provide the increasing probability of locating a global optimum over the entire design space associated with multimodality and nonlinearity. NN's can be used as a tool for function approximations, a rapid reanalysis model for subsequent use in design optimization. FIS facilitates to handle the quantitative design information under the case where the training data samples are not sufficiently provided or uncertain information is included in design modeling. Properties of soft computing techniques affect the quality of global approximate model. Evolutionary fuzzy modeling (EFM) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) are briefly introduced for structural optimization problem in this context. The paper presents the success of EFM depends on how optimally the fuzzy membership parameters are selected and how fuzzy rules are generated.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제33B권12호
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• pp.84-94
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• 1996

In this work, a fuzzy petri net model for modeling a general form of fuzzy production system which consists of chaining fuzzy production rules and so requires multistage reasoning process is presented. For the obtained fuzzy petri net model, the net will be transformed into some matrices, and also be systematically led to an algebraic form of a state equation. Since it is fond that the approximate reasoning process in fuzzy systems corresponds to the dynamic behavior of the fuzzy petri net, it is further shown that the multistage reasoning process can be carried out by executing the state equation.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.591-612
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• 2009

New insights are presented in simplified modeling and analysis of free vibrations of piezoelectric - based smart structures and systems. These consist, first, in extending the wide used piezoelectric-thermal analogy (TA) simplified modeling approach in currently static actuation to piezoelectric free-vibrations under short-circuit (SC) and approximate open-circuit (OC) electric conditions; second, the popular piezoelectric strain induced - potential (IP) simplified modeling concept is revisited. It is shown that the IP resulting frequencies are insensitive to the electric SC/OC conditions; in particular, SC frequencies are found to be the same as those resulting from the newly proposed OC TA. Two-dimensional plane strain (PStrain) and plane stress (PStress) free-vibrations problems are then analyzed for above used SC and approximate OC electric conditions. It is shown theoretically and validated numerically that, for both SC and OC electric conditions, PStress frequencies are lower than PStrain ones, and that 3D frequencies are bounded from below by the former and from above by the latter. The same holds for the modal electro-mechanical coupling coefficient that is retained as a comparator of presented models and analyses.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1707-1711
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• 2008

Landing pier is connect from onshore to offshore with bridge type that a coast structure. The sub-structure is consisted of vertical or batter pile and combined reinforced concrete slab. These days useful design method of quay wall of landing pier type for pile foundation analysis abide by approximate depth of pile supported method, "Harbor and port design criterion, 2005 The ministry of land transport and maritime affairs". The approximate depth of pile supported is calculated two kind of method that one is assume to below depth of 1/$\beta$ from assumed submarine surface and other is 1st fixpoint depth by Chang(1937)'s theory. By this paper, FEM dynamic analysis of 3-dimensions was achieved that it has compared pile fixed end modeling with elastic spring modeling base on winkler theory.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.993-1000
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• 2001

Configuration-dependent nonlinear coefficient matrices in the dynamic equation of robot manipulator impose computa- tional burden in real-time implementation of tracking control based on the inverse dynamics controller. However, parallel manipulators such as Stewart platform have relatively small workspace compared to serial manipulators. Based on the characteristics of small motion range. nonlinear coefficient matrices can be approxiamted to constant ones. The modeling errors caused by such approximation are compensated for by H-infinity controller that treats the modeling errors disturbance. The proposed inverse dynamics controller with approximate dynamics combined with H-infinity control shows good tracking performance even for fast tracking control in which computation of full inverse dynamics is not easy to implement.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2002

For effective response surface modeling during sequential approximate optimization (SAO), the normalized and the augmented D-optimality criteria are presented. The normalized D-optimality criterion uses the normalized Fisher information matrix by its diagonal terms in order to obtain a balance among the linear-order and higher-order terms. Then, it is augmented to directly include other experimental designs or the pre-sampled designs. This augmentation enables the trust region managed sequential approximate optimization to directly use the pre-sampled designs in the overlapped trust regions in constructing the new response surface models. In order to show the effectiveness of the normalized and the augmented D-optimality criteria, following two comparisons are performed. First, the information surface of the normalized D-optimal design is compared with those of the original D-optimal design. Second, a trust-region managed sequential approximate optimizer having three D-optimal designs is developed and three design problems are solved. These comparisons show that the normalized D-optimal design gives more rotatable designs than the original D-optimal design, and the augmented D-optimal design can reduce the number of analyses by 30% - 40% than the original D-optimal design.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.537-547
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• 2001

The paper proposes the fuzzy logic global approximate optimization strategies in optimal sizing of automotive A-pillar trim with rib structures for occupant head protection. Two different strategies referred to as evolutionary fuzzy modeling (EFM) and neuro-fuzzy modeling (NFM) are implemented in the context of global approximate optimization. EFM and NFM are based on soft computing paradigms utilizing fuzzy systems, neural networks and evolutionary computing techniques. Such approximation methods may have their promising characteristics in a case where the inherent nonlinearity in analysis model should be accommodated over the entire design space and the training data is not sufficiently provided. The objective of structural design is to determine the dimensions of rib in A-pillar, minimizing the equivalent head injury criterion HIC(d). The paper describes the head-form modeling and head impact simulation using LS-DYNA3D, and the approximation procedures including fuzzy rule generation, membership function selection and inference process for EFM and NFM, and subsequently presents their generalization capabilities in terms of number of fuzzy rules and training data.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권6D호
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• pp.1025-1032
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• 2006

고해상도 위성의 센서모형화는 도면화와 지형공간정보(Geo-spatial Information System)의 응용을 위해서는 필수적인 단계이다. 영상과 대상물과의 기하학적인 관계를 규정하는 센서모형은 크게 엄밀(rigorous)센서모형화와 간략(approximate)센서모형화의 두 가지로 나눌 수 있다. 엄밀센서모형화는 위성의 실제적인 촬영기하를 고려한 것으로 센서의 내외부적인 특성을 알고 있어야 하는 반면에 간략센서모형화 방법은 영상취득기하의 종합적인 이해나 센서의 내외부적인 특성정보를 필요로 하지 않기 때문에 사진측량 커뮤니티에서 많은 관심이 증대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고해상도 위성영상의 3차원 위치결정에 이용되고 있는 엄밀센서모형과 다양한 간략센서모형에 대해 비교연구를 수행하였으며 위성영상의 이용목적에 따른 적합한 모형화 방법을 제안하였다. IKONOS 위성영상을 이용한 사례연구를 통하여 엄밀센서모형과 간략센서모형에 대한 비교연구를 수행하였으며, 수집 가능한 지상기준점에 따른 위치정확도를 평가하였다. 간략센서모형화 방법 중에서 편의보정된 다항식비례모형(bias compensated RFM)이 가장 우수하였으며 개량평행투영모형(modified parallel projection)과 평행-중심투영모형(parallel-perspective model)은 적은 수의 기준점을 이용하여 센서모형화가 가능하였다. 또한 간략센서모형화 방법 중 부등각사상변환(affine transformation)은 고해상도 위성의 수평위치결정과 영상간의 등록에 활용가능하다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.207-217
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• 2005

이 연구에서는 배경 전기전도도 구조가 1차원 층서구조가 아닌 경우에도 적분방정식법을 이용하여 비교적 정확히 모델링 할 수 있는 근사적 방법에 대한 유도 과정을 제시하였으며, 이를 기반으로 전자탐사 수치 모델링을 구현하여 그 정확도 및 효율성에 대해 고찰하였다. 이 연구에서 제시된 방법은 통상적인 적분방정식법과 마찬가지로 1차원 층서구조에서의 Green함수를 그대로 이용할 수 있어 계산 측면에서 매우 효율적이며, 대체적으로 적분방정식을 구성하기 위한 행렬의 크기를 줄일 수 있다. 본 연구에서 개발된 근사 적분방정식 알고리듬을 간단한 수치 모델에 대하여 적용한 결과 정확도는 반응을 구하고자 하는 이상체 부근에서는 거의 차이가 없었으며, 또한 계산 시간에 대한 분석을 통해 이 모델링 알고리듬을 이용하여 역산을 수행하고자 할 때 계산 시간을 대폭 감소시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 방법은 1차원 층서구조가 아닌 이미 알려진 공통된 구조론 갖는 여러 지질 모델에 대한 전자탐사 반응을 매우 효율적으로 구할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.