• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.12
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• pp.1205-1214
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• 2021

Precipitation is one of a major causes of landslides by rising of pore water pressure, which leads to fluctuations of soil strength and stress. For this reason, precipitation is the most frequently used to determine the landslide thresholds. However, using only precipitation has limitations in predicting and estimating slope stability quantitatively for reducing false alarm events. On the other hand, Soil Moisture (SM) has been used for calculating slope stability in many studies since it is directly related to pore water pressure than precipitation. Therefore, this study attempted to evaluate the appropriateness of applying soil moisture in determining the landslide threshold. First, the reactivity of soil saturation level to precipitation was identified through time-series analysis. The precipitation threshold was calculated using daily precipitation (P_daily) and the Antecedent Precipitation Index (API), and the hydrological threshold was calculated using daily precipitation and soil saturation level. Using a contingency table, these two thresholds were assessed qualitatively. In results, compared to P_daily only threshold, Goesan showed an improvement of 75% (P_daily + API) and 42% (P_daily + SM) and Changsu showed an improvement of 33% (P_daily + API) and 44% (P_daily + SM), respectively. Both API and SM effectively enhanced the Critical Success Index (CSI) and reduced the False Alarm Rate (FAR). In the future, studies such as calculating rainfall intensity required to cause/trigger landslides through soil saturation level or estimating rainfall resistance according to the soil saturation level are expected to contribute to improving landslide prediction accuracy.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.37
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• pp.145-188
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• 2013

The purpose of production status report is figuring out the amount of records produced by departments and record centers and establishing plans for transfer and collect of archives. These are the main functions of production status report clarified by Public Records Management Act. Production status report is introduced as the means to control the record management in public institutions which lack the understanding of the record production and management. Up to now, public institutions carry out production status report. However, it only has been done as a formal procedure and records collected unsurely transfer to Archives. The implementation of production status report does not accord with the original purpose. In addition, there are different views about the appropriateness of production status report. Record managers in the field, the researchers who made efforts to state production status report in the law and the archives did not reached the agreement of opinions yet. The objective of this study is not to judge whether production status report is of importance or not. Although its significance is controversial, it's one of the most important record management tasks and it stands the position as the distinct method in Korea. Nonetheless, the issue that production status report lacks efficiency in the field due to the lack of support of forms and systems brings up continuously. Thus, I evaluated current functions of production status report and proposed future improvements so that it accomplishes its original intent and support users in the field.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.141-152
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• 2023

The scale of the authenticity perceived by the athletes of the domestic business team was developed. Through this, it is intended to accumulate information and authenticity research on human resource management of unemployment teams. The authenticity scale was developed through a total of 6 steps by referring to previous studies on the scale development process at domestic and international. In the first stage, the basic composition was confirmed through the review of previous studies.In the second stage, preliminary questions were drawn through in-depth interviews with 13 players belonging to the business team. In the third stage, the authenticity attribute and structure were confirmed through an expert meeting. In the fourth stage, the appropriateness of the items was verified through exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis of 248 people. In the 5th stage, 288 subjects were tested for construct validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity through confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and reliability analysis. The sixth step was to verify the relationship through regression analysis with the performance variables to examine the applicability and predictability of the developed scale. Through the above procedures, 4 dimensions of organizational authenticity and 18 measurement items were developed, and 3 dimensions of leader authenticity and 18 measurement items were developed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.41-55
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• 2023

Urban parks create the natural landscape of the city and offer a space for city residents to stay healthy and take a rest. They are also urban facilities designed to improve city dwellers' emotional aspects. Currently, urban parks need qualitative management as well as quantitative supply due to changes in the national land and urban policy paradigm, and a shift in perspective to consumer-centeredness is needed. In this study, the service levels of urban parks for citizen were evaluated: (1) quantitative supply adequacy was analyzed based on the urban population, and (2) the qualitative evaluation of the parks were conducted. Based on the evaluation, the appropriateness of the arrangement of urban parks is judged by comprehensively analyzing the quantitative and qualitative aspects. As a result of the evaluation of service levels of urban parks, the highest serviced urban parks were found in urban housing development sites and recently established parks. In addition, it was found that the recently created parks improved the qualities of the parks by installing various facilities. If the quantitative and qualitative aspects of urban park service supply are comprehensively analyzed and applied through this research method, it will be a more effective park and green space plan.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.307-315
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• 2023

Korea controls the departure of vessels based on the Maritime Safety Act such that only ships with seaworthiness can navigate in bad weather, but scientific evaluation results and quantitative basis for the designation of ships subject to control are insufficient. Opinions for improvement are being raised for a reasonable departure control operation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the adequacy of the current departure control standards through actual measurement of tugboats, which are the type of vessels subject to control when a wind and wave advisory is effective, and to present quantitative grounds for improvement of controls. A sensor was installed on the tugboat to measure the ship's three-axis motion and hull acceleration, and the hull motion performance was measured by operating in the sea area with a significant wave height of 3 m. The measured values were compared and analyzed based on seaworthiness evaluation factors and limit value standards. The actual ship was excluded from the current control standard according to tonnage, but as a result of the analysis, the pitch value exceeded the operation standard, and a risk to navigation safety existed. The results of this study suggest the need for additional actual measurement studies that can represent various ship types and specifications and review ship departure control targets.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.350-357
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• 2023

Marine accidents frequently occur due to the unreasonable operation of ships excluded from ship departure control during marine special weather warnings within smooth water areas. Coastal wave buoys installed in smooth water areas are major reference indicators for ship departure control and can be seen as being directly connected to the safety of ships navigating smooth water areas and the coast. In this study, the location appropriateness of currently operating coastal wave buoys and additional installation in the smooth water areas were assessed by analyzing coastal marine accidents over the past 30 years (1991-2020), the main wind direction and wind speed of each major trading port, and the GICOMS ship track data in 2018. The study results showed that an additional coastal wave buoy should be installed at each of the major trading ports(Inchon Port, Pohang Port, Ulsan Port, and Busan Port) and that the location of the coastal wave buoy needs to be moved in the case of Busan Port. Based on various data analysis in this study, the suggestion for an additional installation and movement of the coastal wave buoy presented in this study is expected to contribute to improving the reliability of ship departure control and resolving safety blind spots.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.79
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• pp.121-168
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• 2024

Record & archives management is at the heart of archival science. We must be faithful to record & archives management. However, isn't there a paradox that arises the more faithful we are to record & archives management? The paradox is that 'being a responsible manager and efficiently managing records' is rather reduces the interest in the social existence of humans who create and use such records. Why do humans produce and use records? It may be because human beings have been living with the concept of records. The concept is 'the same as the design of thoughts'. There is no need to doubt this direction because as record & archives management develops, more valuable records are preserved more systematically, and they are been served with wider scope and appropriateness. However, if we observe this situation from a human point of view rather than record & archives management, we find that humans appearing in record & archives management are limited to the object of using records. If humans are perceived differently based on the hypothesis of reviewing from the ground up, we can encounter a unique context about the relationship between humans and records or between records and humans. If it reaches the norm that human beings have dignity that cannot be transferred to anyone, have the right to pursue happiness, and must live by enjoying freedom, equality, and social basic rights, in short, if human beings are recognized from a constitutional point of view, we can newly recognize the social role and direction of records. The constitution and international human rights norms document basic human rights as the final norm and clarify that it is the duty of the state to guarantee and practice them. The social role of records from a constitutional point of view is the practice of records that proliferate basic human rights. The practice of archiving, which multiplies basic human rights, may also be a civic consciousness required of experts, but on the other hand, it can be a professional way for archival studies. If record management is a two-lane round trip, it can be said that the interaction between record management and record practice, which multiplies basic human rights, is a pioneering four-lane round trip. This article examines the practice of archiving, which has been developed in and out of record & archives management, by clearly grasping the constitutional perspective from the perspective of archival studies, and examines the social role of archival studies in this context. The social role of archival studies is to provide new linguistic rules for archiving.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.258-270
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• 2012

Purpose: Use of inappropriate statistical methods may lead to incorrect conclusions and a waste of valuable resources. The goal of this study was to assess the frequency and the types of several common statistical errors in the published articles of the Journal of the Korean Academy of Prosthodontics (JKAP) for a 5-year period. Materials and methods: Of 336 articles in the JKAP published from 2006 to 2010, 255 articles using statistics were reviewed and classified by statistical method and year. The frequency and types of the statistical methods were examined, and the statistical errors were evaluated by the appropriateness of the experimental design, assumption check, independent outcomes, proper sample size and suitable use of statistical method. Statistical guidelines were completed based on the appropriateness. Results: Of the 255 articles using statistics, 193 articles (75.9%) used inferential statistics and 153 articles used SPSS statistical software (60.0%). Of the articles using inferential statistics, the three most frequently used statistical methods were ANOVA (41.5%), t-test (20.0%), and the nonparametric method (16.9%). The average rate of statistical errors was 61.2 percent, similar to the rate reported by several studies completed for the medical journal. Conclusion: After the whole analysis of the difference among the groups, post-hoc tests for the pairwise comparisons are required. The optimal sample size calculation is an essential part of this study protocol. To minimize the occurrence of statistical errors, statistical guidelines were developed according to each statistical test procedure and will contribute to the academic improvement in the JKAP.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.42-55
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• 2011

The basic approach of this study was to take the theory of cultural fluctuations to investigate the early modern and modern patterns of the use of ox carts and@ the social and economic appropriateness and cultural significance of ox carts. The study chose a village that was the only place that used ox carts in Bugye-myeon. The findings will help to understand how traditional cultural elements would continue or change according to the natural, geographical, economical, and cultural characteristics of a village. Located in Gaho-2-ri, Bugye-myeon, Gunwi-gun, Gyeongbuk Province, Dongrim Village started to use ox carts during the Japanese rule and replaced the traditional version with an improved one in 1972 when a reservoir was built. Until the 1970s, they used ox carts to carry agricultural products and luggage and to visit the markets in distant Bugye-myeon or Gunwi-eup. In the early 1980s when a cultivator was first introduced into the village, ox carts gradually disappeared in the village and eventually remained as a mere means of transportation. As the younger generations were active in introducing modern means of transportation, a cultivator became the main means of transportation in the village in the 1980s and a truck since the latter half of the 1990s. Despite those changes, however, the elderly in their seventies or older continued to use ox carts. With aged labor and inability to use modern means of transportation, they grew cows and oxen to cultivate the inclined fields and gain easy access to fields distributed in distant locations and continued to ox carts through reform. In Dongrim Village, the heritage of using reformed ox carts is the practice of appropriate technology by the old farmers and a cultural representation of an aged agricultural society. That is, the elderly recognized the appropriateness and practicality of traditional culture and renewed a traditional means of transportation called an ox cart. The phenomenon of the old men and women frequently using ox carts in an agricultural village in the mountain with geographical limitations has settled down as a cultural representation of the elderly in Dongrim Village. The continuing usage of ox carts in Dongrim Village is attributed to the fact that ox carts well suit the natural, geographical, and economic aspects of the village and the cultural inertia of the elderly with the aging of the farmers. Thus it is once again shown that human beings transmit and alter culture according to their overall situations and conditions.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.71-97
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• 2011

Over the last twenty years, sponsorship has been used very widely as an important marketing tool that enhances corporate image. Since it has proven to be effective in creating positive perceptions of the company, many marketers have sponsored a variety of consumer-related activities. However, sponsorship has also been criticized as it can be related to ambush marketing and excessive commercialism which trigger negative consumer responses. Unlike the existing study on the sponsorship marketing, this study intends to investigate its negative effects. The study was conducted based on the persuasion knowledge model which was proposed by Fristed and Wright (1994) and investigated consumer responses to ulterior motive of sponsorship marketing. According to the persuasion knowledge model, consumers activate their persuasion knowledge to see the agent's commercial motive; there are several antecedents to the persuasion knowledge activation such as the source familiarity, the marketer's effort and the appropriateness of persuasion. Also, existing studies have pointed out the sponsor-event fit and the sponsor's integrity as crucial factors which influence consumer attitude. By taking a survey of people who watched the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games, we tried to examine how the sponsor familiarity and the sponsor-event fit as pre-existing variables which have been formed based on the prior consumer knowledges/memories as well as the sponsor effort and the sponsor integrity as situational variables activated based on the specific persuasion episode influenced persuasion knowledge. We also tried to test the potential moderating role of sponsorship type (i.e., official sponsorship versus marketing focused) on the causal path from the persuasion knowledge and the consumer attitude from the perspective of the appropriateness of persuasion. The results show that the sponsor familiarity, the sponsor-event fit, and the marketer's effort have significant effects on the persuasion knowledge activation, and the sponsorship type has moderating role in the sponsorship effectiveness. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.