• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.311-322
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• 2010

The common life with modern urban residence, spending more than 80~90% of daily life in indoor environment, makes the importance of indoor air quality (IAQ) even higher. Many efforts have made to improve indoor air quality (IAQ), which requires those systematic approaches for field practice. A recent study reported that no general approach cannot be made for IAQ improvement due to the great deal of variety in different indoor environments. Those indoor spaces included in Korean IAQ regulation were classified based on their characteristics and the IAQ guideline was suggested for each group of indoor spaces. Apart from those indoor spaces, the classroom in elementary school has different characteristics. By introducing the systematic approaches, the elementary classroom was surveyed and analyzed to understand its characteristics in due IAQ consideration. Based on the characteristics, there are several IAQ control measures suggested, including ventilation operation, dust mat installation, and white board. $CO_2$ and airborne dust were monitored and analyzed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of each control measure to IAQ. It was found that the general level of $CO_2$ concentration was managed under the IAQ guideline by applying the ventilator operation. The ventilation was also effective to the fugitive airborne particulate in elementary classroom environment.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.335-341
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• 2020

As life, once immersed in labor, changes with values and lifestyles, individuals consume or participate in culture and arts for learning, meeting of intellectual needs, pleasure, and exchange. As culture and art spaces have increased in recent times, these spaces have been transformed into places to create, view and exchange culture and art, and to consume cultural goods. Culture and art spaces have created and developed new genres and technologies that give viewers the opportunity to communicate and participate, allowing them to understand and accumulate works of media. A media façade thus gives a preference to places for visitors by giving an impression over a short period of time in culture and art spaces that are not areas for exhibitions and performances, and providing an opportunity to more easily approach and understand works and culture and art spaces. A media façade is a type of medium that imparts aesthetics and information by installing LED lighting on the exterior wall of a building for the realization of media functions. In order to analyze the effect of the media façade on preferences for culture and art spaces, a research model was established with media façade characteristics as independent variables and preferences for culture and art spaces as dependent variables. As a result, media façade design and media features influenced satisfaction, while the media characteristics of the media façade influenced recommendation and revisiting, suggesting that many changes will take place in culture and art spaces.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.757-767
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• 2013

We investigate the general solution of the following functional equation and the generalized Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability problem in quasi ${\beta}$-normed spaces and then the stability by using alternative fixed point method for the following quintic function $f:X{\rightarrow}Y$ such that f(3x+y)+f(3x-y)+5[f(x+y)+f(x-y)]=4[f(2x+y)+f(2x-y)]+2f(3x)-246f(x), for all $x,y{\in}X$.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.575-589
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• 2011

In order to examine the possibility of some topological structures into the fields of network science, telecommunications related to the future internet and a digitization, the paper studies the Marcus Wyse topological structure. Further, this paper develops the notions of lattice based Marcus Wyse continuity and lattice based Marcus Wyse homeomorphism which can be used for studying spaces $X{\subset}R^2$ in the Marcus Wyse topological approach. By using these two notions, we can study and classify lattice based simple closed Marcus Wyse curves.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.205-208
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the corresponding mechanisms between residential spaces and living by analysing the physical spaces of Hanok residential buildings with the architectural financial program of the Gyeongju city, and their residents' needs for living, and to afford architectural planning data needed to develop new aspects of residence in a traditional cultural city. This study is based on the above analysis, an attempt was made in this study to suggest the architectural planning approach to the Hanok type houses by taking both cultural continuity and historical views into consideration, in order to restore the bedraggled old houses in the Gyeongju areas and create a new house type.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.29 no.5_6
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• pp.1421-1433
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• 2011

In this paper, using a fixed point approach, the generalized Hyeres-Ulam stability of the following quadratic functional equation $f(x+y+z)+f(x+{\sigma}(y))+f(y+{\sigma}(z))+f(x+{\sigma}(z))=3(f(x)+f(y)+f(z))$ will be studied, where f is a function from abelian group G into a quasi-${\beta}$-normed space and ${\sigma}$ is an involution on the group G. Next, we consider its pexiderized equation of the form $f(x+y+z)+f(x+{\sigma}(y))+f(y+{\sigma}(z))+f(x+{\sigma}(z))=g(x)+g(y)+g(z)$ and its generalized Hyeres-Ulam stability.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.55-60
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• 1984

In [2], D. Downing and W.A. Kirk obtained a number of fixed point theorems for set-valued maps in matric and Banach spaces. The authors considered maps which are more general than the contractions with nonempty and closed mapping values, and obtain results for maps satisfying certain "inwardness" conditions. A key aspect of their approach is the application of a general fixed point theorem due to Caristi [1]. On the other hand, in [6], the present author obtained a number of equivalent formulations of the well-known result of I. Ekeland [3, 4] on the variational principle for approximate solutions of minimization problems. Some of such formulations include sharpened forms of the Caristi theorem. In this paper, using one of such formulations, we show that Theorems 1-3 and Corollaries 1-5 of [2] are substantially improved by giving geometric estimations of fixed points.ed points.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.433-448
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• 1998

In this study we use inexact Newton-like methods to find solutions of nonlinear operator equations on Banach spaces with a convergence structure. Our technique involves the introduction of a generalized norm as an operator from a linear space into a par-tially ordered Banach space. In this way the metric properties of the examined problem can be analyzed more precisely. Moreover this approach allows us to derive from the same theorem on the one hand semi-local results of kantorovich-type and on the other hand 2global results based on monotonicity considerations. By imposing very general Lipschitz-like conditions on the operators involved on the other hand by choosing our operators appropriately we can find sharper error bounds on the distances involved than before. Furthermore we show that special cases of our results reduce to the corresponding ones already in the literature. Finally our results are used to solve integral equations that cannot be solved with existing methods.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to suggest a basis for exterior space improving in university campus in terms of upgrading the quality of university education environment by analysing user's cognition and physical feature about campus exterior space. For this, this study was survey six major university students in Busan city about perception of campus exterior space, and analyzes the user's cognition by using natural-language vocabulary analysis for qualitative approach. Next, this study analyzes the physical feature of campus exterior space by investigating user's intensive using spaces and preferred, non-preferred spaces in their universities, then propose the improved direction of campus exterior space by comparing the analyzed data of user's cognition and physical feature. A SPSS20 program is used for the data analysis and the sample sizes are 171 college students.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 2022

This study suggested the environmental components for open space in a healing environment based on the social support approach for integrating and enhancing users' activities and interactions. The physical environments of the open space in healing facilities should be suggested by social support design and support the interactions of various users. Particularly architectural environment conditions should reinforce the contribution to the revitalization of medical facilities based on improving the healing effect of patients through mutual exchange of users. The open space environment conditions influence users' healing process with physical design factors and users' interactions, and the flexible environments based on the social support that is crucial for circulation and mutual exchange of users. The open space transformation, integration of technology, and wayfinding system with color and signage also allow users to improve the space experience and easy access. The environmental components of open space design should include easy access for user inflow, flexible layout for comfort, access to outdoor spaces, integration of warm color schemes for relaxation, personalization of spaces with artwork, and visual interest through the use of textures and materials.