• 한국암반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국암반공학회 2000년도 암반공학문제의 수치해석(Numerical Analysis in Rock Engineering Problems)
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• pp.201-210
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• 2000

일반적으로 암반 구조물의 안정성에 심각한 영향을 미칠 수 있는 것으로 알려진, 암반 내의 rock bridges는 일종의 opening-mode fracture로 간주될 수 있다. 초창기에는 재료의 저항 특성을 고려하여 rock bridge 자체의 거동 특성에 대한 연구가 있었으나, 최근에 와서는 수치 해석적 연구를 통해 파괴역학의 개념을 적용하여 rock bridge의 분포특성이 암반 구조물의 안정성에 미치는 영향 등을 새롭게 연구하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 rock bridges가 수자파쇄 균열의 분포특성에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자, rock bridges의 분포형태에 따른 암반 내 응력 분포 특성과 균열의 bridge현상을 먼저 살펴보았다. 즉, 균열의 길이에 대한 균열의 간격의 비(s/L 비)와 균열의 길이에 대한 균열의 오버랩의 비(d/L 비)를 변화시키면서 응력 분포 특성을 수치 해석적으로 살펴본 결과, 2개의 균열만으로도 여러 개의 균열 분포 특성을 대표할 수 있음을 알았고, s/L 비가 감소할수록 또는 d/L 비가 증가할수록 암반 내 응력 집중은 커짐을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 수치 해석결과를 토대로, 수압파쇄 균열과 rock bridges의 상호 관계를 수치 해석적으로 연구한 결과, rock bridges가 없을 경우 탄성이론에 맞게 발전하던 수압파쇄 균열이, rock bridges의 존재에 의해 수압파쇄 균열의 전파 방향이 왜곡됨은 물론 수압파쇄 균열에 수직으로 작용하는 원거리 응력도 정확히 표현하지 못함을 알았다. 즉, 수압파쇄 균열 선단에서의 mode I 응력집중계수는 s/L 비가 감소할수록 또는 d/L 비가 증가할수륵 커짐을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과로부터, 균열의 분포특성을 규명하기 위해 노두에서 일반적으로 실시되는 scanline조사에서 얻을 수 있는 s/L비와 d/L비를 통하여 암반 내에 존재하는 응력의 평가 방법이 새로이 제안될 수 있을 것이다. 장기적인 유지를 필요로 하는 사면은 사면의 변형거동을 감시하기 위해 보다 체계적인 계측을 필요로 하며, 또한 사면이 많은 비에 노출되기 쉽기 때문에 사면의 풍화와 침식에 대한 대책연구도 수행되어야 한다. 15ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$로서 90분간 조사로 27ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$량이 생성되었다. 7-DHC은 당초의 123ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$으로부터 계속 감소되어 150분간 조사시 53ng/$\textrm{cm}^2$량까지 내려갔다.하였으며, 그 외의 항목간에는 대동소이하였다.ckarti 와 E. serrulatus가 스파르가눔의 중간숙주가 될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 충란의 배양에서부터 종숙주의 충란 배출까지 약 2개월 정도의 기간이 소요되었고, 우리 나라 자연환경에서는 5일에서 7월에 주로 이 충체의 유충이 발육되고 전파되는 것으로 추측되었다.러 가지 방법들을 적극 적용하여 금후 검토해볼 필요가 있을 것이다.잡은 전혀 삭과가 형성되지 않았다. 이 결과는 종간 교잡종을 자방친으로 하고 그 자방친의 화분친을 사용할 때만 교잡이 이루어지고 있음을 나타내고 있다. 따라서 여교잡을 통한 종간잡종 품종육성 활용방안을 금후 적극 확대 검토해야 할 것이다하였다.함을 보이고 있다.X> , ZnCl$_{3}$$^{-}$같은 이온과 MgCl$^{+}$, MgCl$_{2}$같은 이온종을 형성하기 때문인것 같다. 한편 어떠한 용리액에서던지 NH$_{4}$$^{+}$의 경우 Dv값이 제일 작았다. 바. 본 연구의 목적중의 하나인 인체유해 중금속이온인 Hg(II), Cd(II)등이 NaCl같은 염화물이 함유된 시료용액에 공해이온으로 존재할 경우 흡착에 의한 제거가 가능하다. 한편 이같은 중금속이

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.447-456
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• 2000

일반적으로 암반 구조물의 안정성에 심각한 영향을 미칠 수 있는 것으로 알려진, 암반 내의 rock bridges는 일종의 opening-mode fracture로 간주될 수 있다. 초창기에는 재료의 저항 특성을 고려하여 rock bridges 자체의 거동 특성에 대한 연구가 있었으나, 최근에 와서는 수치 해석적 연구를 통해 파괴역학의 개념을 적용하여 rock bridges의 분포특성이 암반 구조물의 안정성에 미치는 영향 등을 새롭게 연구하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 rock bridges가 수압파쇄 균열의 분포특성에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자, rock bridges의 분포형태에 따른 암반 내 응력 분포 특성과 균열의 bridge 현상을 먼저 살펴보았다. 즉 , 균열의 길이에 대한 균열의 간격의 비 (s/L 비) 균열의 길이에 대한 균열의 오버랩의 비 (d/L 비)를 변화시키면서 응력 분포 특성을 수치 해석적으로 살펴본 결과, 2개의 균열만으로도 여러 개의 균열 분포 특성을 대표할 수 있음을 알았고, s/L 비가 감소할수록 또는 d/L비가 증가할수록 암반 내 응력 집중은 커짐을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 수치 해석결과를 토대로, 수압파쇄 균열과 rock bridges의 상호 관계를 수치 해석적으로 연구한 결과, rock bridges가 없을 경우 탄성이론에 맞게 발전하던 수압파쇄 균열이, rock bridges의 존재에 의해 수압파쇄 균열의 전파 방향이 왜곡됨은 물론 수압파쇄 균열에 수직으로 작용하는 원거리 응력도 정확히 표현하지 못함을 알았다. 즉 , 수압파쇄 균열 선단에서의 mode I 응력집중계수는 s/L비가 감소할수록 또는 d/L 비가 증가할수록 커짐을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과로부터, 균열의 분포특성을 규명하기 위해 노두에서 일반적으로 실시되는 scanline 조사에서 얻을 수 있는 s/L 비와 d/L 비를 통하여 암반 내에 존재하는 응력의 평가 방법이 새로이 제안할 수 있을 것이다.로 제안하였다. 본 노천채탄장의 최종사면과 같이 장기적인 유지를 필요로 하는 사면은 사면의 변형거동을 감시하기 위해 보다 체계적인 계측을 필요로 하며, 또한 사면이 많은 비에 노출되기 쉽기 때문에 사면의 풍화와 침식에 대한 대책연구도 수행되어야 한다. 이 값이 감소할수록 Cox-Merz 법칙은 더욱 잘 성립한다.$_{TM4}$/$\bar{p}$$_{TM2}$, $\bar{p}$$_{TM4}$/$\bar{p}$$_{TM1}$, log($\bar{p}$$_{TM4}$/$\bar{p}$$_{TM3}$) 등과 상관이 높게 나타났다.이 소요되었고, 우리 나라 자연환경에서는 5일에서 7월에 주로 이 충체의 유충이 발육되고 전파되는 것으로 추측되었다.러 가지 방법들을 적극 적용하여 금후 검토해볼 필요가 있을 것이다.잡은 전혀 삭과가 형성되지 않았다. 이 결과는 종간 교잡종을 자방친으로 하고 그 자방친의 화분친을 사용할 때만 교잡이 이루어지고 있음을 나타내고 있다. 따라서 여교잡을 통한 종간잡종 품종육성 활용방안을 금후 적극 확대 검토해야 할 것이다하였다.함을 보이고 있다.X> , ZnCl$_{3}$$^{-}$같은 이온과 MgCl$^{+}$, MgCl$_{2}$같은 이온종을 형성하기 때문인것 같다. 한편 어떠한 용리액에서던지 NH$_{4}$$^{+}$의 경우 Dv값이 제일 작았다. 바. 본 연구의 목적중의 하나인 인체유해 중금속이온인 Hg(II), Cd(II)등이 NaCl같은 염화물이 함유된 시료용액에 공해이온으로 존재할 경우 흡착에 의한 제거가 가능하다. 한편 이같은 중금속이온의 흡착실험은 특히

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2004

I. 서 론 : 변비(便秘)는 우리가 임상에서 흔히 접하는 위장관의 증상으로서, 사람들은 배변의 횟수가 너무 적거나, 대변을 힘들게 보는 경우, 대변이 너무 딱딱하거나 양이 적은 경우 혹은 배변이 너무 고통스럽거나 불완전한 배변감이 있는 경우 등과 같이 다양한 형태로서 변비라고 생각하여 병원을 찾게 된다. 그러나 변비는 식이와 사회 및 의료 환경 등의 요인에 의해 많은 영향을 받기 때문에 변비 환자의 진단 및 치료적 접근에 앞서 이러한 다양한 인자 등을 감안하여 객관적인 표준화된 정의를 설정하는데 있어 방사선학적 진단이 유용하고 이에 관한 진단적 접근방법에 대해 알아보고자 한다. II. 본 론 : 대장의 운동기능을 평가하는 검사법 가운데 가장 기본이 되는 검사가 대장통과시간(Colon transit time, CTT) 검사이다. 대장통과시간은 만성 변비증 환자의 병태생리에 따른 유형 분류와 치료 계획의 설정에 커다란 도움을 주고 있다. 방사선 비투과성 표지자(Radiopaque marker)를 이용하는 방법, 다수 표지자 사용법(Multiple marker technique), 신티그라피 측정법(Scintigraphic measurement)이 있다. 배변조영술은 항문 직장의 해부학적 정보뿐만 아니라 배변 시 항문, 직장의 변화와 골반저의 운동상태를 파악할 수 있는 기능적 방사선학 검사이다. 배변 시 항문 직장의 역동적 관찰은 배변이상 환자의 진단 및 치료방침 결정 그리고 추적검사에 도움을 준다. 마지막으로 병력에서 빠뜨려서는 안되는 것이 행동 장애나 정서 장애와 같은 정신심리학적 요인이 동반되어 있는지를 세심하게 판단하는 것이다. 이런 경우에는 이러한 정신과적 문제와 관련된 약물 복용의 유무와 종류에 대해서도 파악을 하여야 한다. III. 결 론 : 변비의 흔한 원인에는 섬유질 섭취가 충분하지 못한 경우, 수분 섭취가 충분하지 못한 경우가 많으며, 변비환자에서의 이러한 검사의 목적은 변비의 기질적 병인을 확인하기 위함으로서, 통상 이러한 방사학적 검사를 통해 결장과 항문직장의 기능에 대한 정보를 얻을 수 있는 것은 아니다. 변비 환자의 병태생리에 따른 유형을 구분하여 향후 검사 및 치료방침을 설정하는 데 중요한 정보를 제공하고 환자의 예후를 예측하는데도 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.280-288
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• 2008

목 적: 토모테라피 영상유도장치인 MVCT (mega-voltage computed tomography) 영상을 이용하여 자유 호흡시 분할 치료 간 간조직의 위치변화 양상을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2006년 4월부터 2007년 8월까지 간종양에 토모테라피를 받은 환자 26 명을 대상으로 치료 시작 후 10회까지 매회 치료시의 MVCT 영상을 분석하였다. 1차적으로 골격 구조에 따라 셋업오차보정을 한 상태에서 2차원 직교좌표계 상에서 간조직 경계부위의 위치 변화를 치료계획 KVCT (Kilo-Voltage Computed Tomography)와 MVCT의 영상융합을 통해 비교하여 오차 정도를 파악하였다. 간종양의 위치 별 변화 양상을 보기 위하여 종양 위치를 Couinaud's proposal을 기준으로 1군(Segment 1), 2군(Segment 2, 3, 4), 3군(Segment 5, 6), 4군(Segment 7, 8)으로 나누어 각 군별 위치 변화 양상을 비교하였다. 결 과: MVCT를 통해 알아본 평균 셋업오차는 각각 $0.45{\pm}2.04\;mm$ (좌-우), $0.97{\pm}4.06\;mm$ (상-하), $8.38{\pm}4.67\;mm$ (전-후) 이었다. 2군에서 전방 바깥쪽으로 $2.80{\pm}1.73\;mm$, 좌방 안쪽으로 $2.23{\pm}1.37\;mm$ 이동하였고 4군에서는 전, 후, 좌, 우 각 방향으로 $-0.15{\pm}3.93\;mm$, $-3.15{\pm}6.58\;mm$, $-0.60{\pm}3.58\;mm$, $-4.50{\pm}5.35\;mm$ 이동하였다. 1, 2, 3군에서 후방으로의 위치 변화는 평균 1 mm 이내였다(각각 $0.07{\pm}0.9 \;mm$, $-0.07{\pm}1.38\;mm$, $0.50{\pm}0.47\;mm$). MVCT 값들의 적용 시 보이는 2군에서의 종양체적 감소는 위 독성을 증가시킬 것으로 생각되었다. 결 론: 분할치료 간 간조직의 위치 변화 양상은 각 군마다 편차가 있는 가운데 어느 정도 규칙적이었다. 호흡에 의한 간조직의 기하학적 변형은 segment 2, 3, 4에서 좌방 표적 체적의 감소를 가져오는 반면 segment 5, 6에서는 호흡에도 불구하고 안정적인 양상을 나타내었다. 따라서 자유 호흡 상태에서 간 좌엽에 대한 방사선치료 시 위에 대한 독성을 줄이기 위해 보다 세심한 접근이 필요하다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.265-274
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• 1998

목적 : 비소세포성 폐암에서 새로운 치료방법으로 대두되고 있는 3차원 입체조형 방사선 치료(Three dimensional conformal radiotherapy, 3DCRT)의 임상적용 가능성과 기존의 치료법에 비한 장점을 찾고자 1994년부터 전향적 연구를 시행하였다. 본 연구는 1) 가장 효과적인 3차원 입체조형 치료 방법의 개발, 2) 가능한 총 치료 선량증가, 3) 선량 증가에 따른 방사선 폐렴 발생 위험군 예측, 4) 선량증가에 따른 국소관해 및 생존율 향상을 목적으로 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1996년 12월까지 수술이 불가능하다고 판정된 95명의 환자(stage I: 4명, stage II; 1명, stage IIIa; 14명, stage IIIb; 76명)에 대하여 3차원 입체조형 치료를 시행하였다. 3차원입체조형 치료를 위하여 고정기구를 이용하여 앙와위 혹은 복와위 상태로 자세를 고정한 다음 CT-simulator를 이용하여 5 mm간격으로 CT 영상을 얻고 GTV (Gross Tumor Volume), CTV (Clinical Target Volume), PTV(Planning Target Volume)를 정한 후 3차원 치료계획용 컴퓨터를 이용하여 치료계획을 세웠다. 방사선 치료는 육안적 종양과 림프절을 포함하는 부위에 36-40 Gy를 AP-PA로 치료한 후 25-34 Gy의 3차원 입체조형 치료를 추가조사하여 총 65-70 Gy를 시행하였다. 이중 78명 (82.1$\%$)의 환자는 2회의 MVP (Mitomycin C, Vinblastine, Cisplatin) 복합항암요법을 동시에 시행하였다. 3차원 입체조형 치료 계획은 1) 표적 부위의 3차원 선량분포, 2) DVH (Dose Volume Histogram), 3) NTCP (Normal Tissue Complication Probability)를 이용하여 기존의 2차원 통상 치료 계획과 비교하였다. 결과 : 78명의 환자에서는 4-8 조사영역을 이용하는 비동일 평면 입체조형 치료 (Non-coplanar 3DCRT) 방법을 사용하였으며 17명에서는 Coplanar segmented 3DCRT 방법으로 치료하였다. 거의 모든 환자에서 표적부위에 100$\%$의 선량 조사가 가능하였으며 심장에 대한 DVH 분석결과 좌폐하엽 부위 종양 치료시에는 특히 3차원 입체조형 치료가 심장 선량을 줄여줌을 알수 있었다. 3차원 입체조형 치료에 의한 동측폐의 NTCP 평균값은 0.26 (0.17-0.43)으로 2차원 통상 치료의 NTCP 평균값 0.38 (0.27-0.66)에 비하여 부작용이 생길 확률이 32$\%$ 줄어들었다. 치료 결과는 26$\%$(25/95)의 환자에서 완전관해를 보였으며 53$\%$ (50/95)에서는 부분관해를 보여 전체 79$\%$의 환자에서 부분관해 이상의 반응을 보였다. 1기와 2기 환자 5명을 제외한 3기 환자 90명의 1년과 2년 생존율은 62.6$\%$와 35.2$\%$로 같은 기간에 2차원 통상치료로 치료받은 환자의 1년과 2년 생존율 51.9$\%$와 26.8$\%$에 비하여 다소 증가 되었으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 치료후 19명 (Grade 1:8, Grade 2:11)의 환자에서 방사선 폐렴이 발생하였으나 steroid 치료후 모두 호전되었으며 치료 후 발생하는 방사선 폐렴을 예측할 수 있는 가장 좋은 지표는 동측폐에 대한 NTCP 값이었다 (35$\%$ vs 22$\%$). 결론 : 이상의 결과 폐암에 대한 3차원 입체조형 방사선 치료는 기존의 치료법에 비하여 부작용의 증가 없이 총 방사선량을 증가시킬 수 있는 좋은 방법으로 생각되며 방사선 폐렴의 예측인자로는 동측폐에 대한 NTCP 값이 매우 유용한 것으로 보여진다. 향후 NTCP 값에 따른 선량증가 연구와 이에 따른 생존율의 증가에 대한 연구가 더 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권39호
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• pp.215-231
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• 2015

중국 애니메이션의 역사에서 문화대혁명은 초기 애니메이션의 발전을 저해하고 이후 중국 애니메이션의 성장이 저조해지는 데 원인을 제공한 계기로서 부정적으로 평가된다. 따라서 이 시기 애니메이션 작품들은 학술 연구의 대상으로 분석되거나 연구되는 일이 거의 없이 일률적으로 평가절하되었다. 그러나 모든 문화예술의 창작은 특정한 역사적 조건 속에서 발전하며 그 나름의 미학적 성과를 지닌다. 본고는 문화대혁명 시기의 문화예술 창작을 주도했던 미학 원칙들을 고찰하고 해당 시기의 중국 애니메이션이 거둔 성과를 객관적인 관점에서 파악하려는 데 일차적인 목적을 둔다. 문화대혁명은 무산계급의 문화를 부각시킨다는 마오쩌둥의 사회주의 이데올로기에 따라 이전 시기까지의 문화예술을 지양하고 새로운 계급 문화를 창조하는 데 목적을 두었다. 따라서 이 시기의 문화예술 창작은 우리가 일반적으로 수용하는 미학 원칙과 어긋나는 부분이 많으며 비문자적이고 반엘리트적인 특성을 지닌다. 모범극은 문화대혁명 시기 문화예술의 미학 원칙을 모범적으로 구현한 창작물로 손꼽히며 문화대혁명 시기의 중국 애니메이션이 지향했던 미학 원칙들을 이해하는 데 참조가 된다. 본고는 삼돌출(三突出), 홍광량(紅光亮), 고대전(高大全)이라는 문화대혁명 시기의 미학 원칙이 구체적인 작품 속에서 어떻게 반영되고 있는지, 문화대혁명 시기 애니메이션은 이러한 미학 원칙을 어떻게 수용하고 나름의 방식으로 적응했는지 확인하기 위해 모범극과 문화대혁명 시기 중국 애니메이션의 상관관계에 대해 비교 연구하는 데 중점을 두었다. 먼저 모범극과 중국 애니메이션의 유사성을 중심으로 문화대혁명 시기의 미학 원칙이 작품 속에서 어떻게 구현되고 있는지 분석한 뒤, 분석 내용에 따라 이러한 미학 원칙이 중국 애니메이션의 창작에 끼친 긍정적인 영향과 부정적인 영향을 중립적으로 서술하였다. 구체적인 분석과 비교 고찰 과정에서는 크게 캐릭터와 장면 연출의 두 가지 측면에서 접근을 시도하였다. 캐릭터의 측면에서 문화대혁명 시기의 중국 애니메이션은 어린 소년, 소녀를 주인공으로 내세워 바람직한 공농병(工農兵) 형상을 부각시키기 위해 붉은 입술과 홍조를 띤 뺨을 강조해 건강함을 강조하고, 매끈한 질감과 정교한 터치로 반짝이는 느낌을 강조하며, 깔끔하고 선명한 색채로 빛나는 색감을 강조하는 '홍광량'의 원칙을 구현하는 데 치중하였음을 확인할 수 있었다. 장면 연출의 측면에서 문화대혁명 시기의 애니메이션은 소수의 안타고니스트에 비해 다수의 프로타고니스트를 강조하고, 다수의 프로타고니스트 가운데서도 뛰어난 영웅 인물들을 강조하며, 또 뛰어난 영웅 인물들 가운데서도 주요한 영웅 인물을 강조하는 '삼돌출'의 단계별 연출 방식을 사용하였다. 또한 영웅 인물은 일반적으로 로우앵글로 찍음으로써 높고 크고 완벽한 모습으로 연출해 '고대전'의 미학 원칙을 충실히 구현하고자 하였다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2012

최근 스마트폰의 등장으로 인해 사용자들은 시간과 공간의 제약 없이 스마트폰을 이용한 새로운 의사소통의 방법을 경험하고 있다. 이러한 스마트폰은 고화질의 컬러화면, 고해상도 카메라, 실시간 3D 가속그래픽과 다양한 센서(GPS와 Digital Compass) 등을 제공하고 있으며, 다양한 센서들은 사용자들(개발자, 일반 사용자)로 하여금 이전에 경험하지 못했던 서비스를 경험할 수 있도록 지원하고 있다. 그 중에서 모바일 증강현실은 스마트폰의 다양한 센서들을 이용하여 개발할 수 있는 대표적인 서비스 중 하나이며, 이러한 센서들을 이용한 다양한 방법의 모바일 증강현실 연구들이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 모바일 증강현실은 크게 위치 정보 기반의 서비스와 내용 기반 서비스로 구분할 수 있다. 위치 정보 기반의 서비스는 구현이 쉬운 장점이 있으나, 증강되는 정보의 위치가 실제의 객체의 정확한 위치에 증강되는 정보가 제공되지 않는 경우가 발생하는 단점이 존재한다. 이와 반대로, 내용 기반 서비스는 정확한 위치에 증강되는 정보를 제공할 수 있으나, 구현 및 데이터베이스에 존재하는 이미지의 양에 따른 검색 속도가 증가하는 단점이 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 위치 정보 기반의 서비스와 내용기반의 서비스의 장점들을 이용한 방법으로, 스마트폰의 다양한 센서(GPS, Digital Compass)로 부터 수집된 정보를 이용하여 데이터베이스의 탐색 범위를 줄이고, 탐색 범위에 존재하는 이미지들의 특징 정보를 기반으로 실제의 랜드마크를 인식하고, 인식한 랜드마크의 정보를 링크드 오픈 데이터(LOD)에서 검색하여 해당 정보를 제공하는 랜드마크 가이드 시스템을 제안한다. 제안하는 시스템은 크게 2개의 모듈(랜드마크 탐색 모듈과 어노테이션 모듈)로 구성되어있다. 첫 번째로, 랜드마크 탐색 모듈은 스마트폰으로 인식한 랜드마크(건물, 조형물 등)에 해당하는 정보들을 (텍스트, 사진, 비디오 등) 링크드 오픈 데이터에서 검색하여 검색된 결과를 인식한 랜드마크의 정확한 위치에 정보를 제공하는 역할을 한다. 스마트폰으로부터 입력 받은 이미지에서 특징점 추출을 위한 방법으로는 SURF 알고리즘을 사용했다. 또한 실시간성을 보장하고 처리 속도를 향상 시키기 위한 방법으로는 입력 받은 이미지와 데이터베이스에 있는 이미지의 비교 연산을 수행할 때 GPS와 Digital Compass의 정보를 사용하여 그리드 기반의 클러스터링을 생성하여 탐색 범위를 줄임으로써, 이미지 검색 속도를 향상 시킬 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 두 번째로 어노테이션 모듈은 사용자들의 참여에 의해서 새로운 랜드마크의 정보를 링크드 오픈 데이터에 추가할 수 있는 기능을 제공한다. 사용자들은 키워드를 이용해서 링크드 오픈 데이터로에서 관련된 주제를 검색할 수 있으며, 검색된 정보를 수정하거나, 사용자가 지정한 랜드마크에 해당 정보를 표시할 수 있도록 지정할 수 있다. 또한, 사용자가 지정하려고 하는 랜드마크에 대한 정보가 존재하지 않는다면, 사용자는 랜드마크의 사진을 업로드하고, 새로운 랜드마크에 대한 정보를 생성하는 기능을 제공한다. 이러한 과정은 시스템이 카메라로부터 입력 받은 대상(랜드마크)에 대한 정확한 증강현실 컨텐츠를 제공하기 위해 필요한 URI를 찾는데 사용되며, 다양한 각도의 랜드마크 사진들을 사용자들에 의해 협업적으로 생성할 수 있는 환경을 제공한다. 본 연구에서 데이터베이스의 탐색 범위를 줄이기 위해서 랜드마크의 GPS 좌표와 Digital Compass의 정보를 이용하여 그리드 기반의 클러스터링 방법을 제안하여, 그 결과 탐색시간이 기존에는 70~80ms 걸리는 반면 제안하는 방법을 통해서는 18~20ms로 약 75% 정도 향상된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 탐색시간의 감소는 전체적인 검색시간을 기존의 490~540ms에서 438~480ms로 약 10% 정도 향상된 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.16-36
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• 1984

화강암질풍화토(花崗岩質風化土)의 미교란(未攪亂) 시료(試料)를 사용하여 일면(一面) 직접(直接) 전단시험(剪斷試驗)으로 측정(測定)한 전단강도(剪斷强度)와 함수비(含水比), 간극비(間隙比), 건조밀도(乾燥密度), 비중(比重)과의 관계(關係)를 통계(統計) 분석(分析)하였고, 화강암질풍화토(花崗岩質風化土)의 사방시공지(砂防施工地)에 식재(植栽)된 리기다소나무림(林)과 리기테-다소나무림(林)에서 토양단면(土壤斷面)을 만들어 산중식토양경도계(山中式土壤硬度計)로 토양(土壤)의 견밀도(堅密度)를 측정(測定)하고 수근분포(樹根分布)를 조사(調査)하여 통계(統計) 분석(分析)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같다. 1) 함수비(含水比), 간극비(間隙比)와 전단강도(剪斷强度) 간(間)에는 유의적(有意的)인 부(負)의 상관(相關)이며 직접적(直接的)인 관계(關係)에 있었다. 2) 건조밀도(乾燥密度)와 전단강도(剪斷强度) 사이에는 정(正)의 상관(相關)이며 직접적(直接的)인 관계(關係)에 있었다. 3) 비중(比重)과 전단강도(剪斷强度) 간(間)에는 유의적(有意的)인 상관관계(相關關係)를 인정(認定)할 수 없었다. 4) 전단강도(剪斷强度)에 영향(影響)을 미치는 영향요소(影響要素)의 직접효과(直接效果)의 크기는 함수비(含水比)>간극비(間隙比)>건조밀도(乾燥密度)의 순위(順位)이다. 5) 다중선형(多重線型) 회귀방정식(回歸方程式)의 분산분석결과(分散分析結果) 함수비(含水比)만이 회귀성(回歸性)이 인정(認定)되므로 함수비(含水比)를 독립변수(獨立變數)로 하여 전단강도(剪斷强度)를 추정(推定)하기 위한 회귀방정식(回歸方程式)은 제한(制限)된 건조밀도(乾燥密度)의 범위내(範圍內)에서 적합도(適合度)가 매우 높게 평가(評價)되었다. 6) 토양(土壤)의 견밀도(堅密度)는 토심(土深)이 깊어짐에 따라 높아진다. 7) 토양(土壤)의 지표경도(指標硬度)와 수근수(樹根數) 간(間)에는 유의적(有意的)인 부(負)의 상관(相關)이며 직접적(直接的)인 관계(關係)에 있었다. 8) 리기다소나무와 리기테-다소나무의 수근(樹根)은 토심(土深) 20cm까지에 대부분 분포(分布)하고 있었다. 9) 리기다소나무림(林)과 리기테-다소나무림(林)에서 측정(測定)한 토양(土壤)의 지표경도(指標硬度)를 독립변수(獨立變數)로한 회귀방정식(回歸方程式)으로 수근수(樹根數)를 추정(推定)할 수 있었으나 낮은 적합도(適合度)를 나타내었다.