• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.349-355
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• 2010

본 연구는 토양검정시비량에 준하는 비료량을 기준으로 그 처리량을 가감하여 점적관수로 관비하였을 경우 참외의 생육과 수량에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 참외의 생육단계별 양분흡수특성을 검토하여 관비재배 시에 생육단계별 참외 질소시비기준을 설정하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 토양검정 질소시비량 ($N:P_2O_5:K_2O$=249:408:315 kg $ha^{-1}$)의 0배, 0.5배, 1.0배, 1.5배에 해당하는 질소량을 8회로 나누어 정식 후 10일 간격으로 관비하였다. 점적관비에 의한 참외 생육기간 중 참외의 생육, 수량 및 무기양분흡수 등을 조사하였다. 잎, 줄기 중 T-N의 함량은 정식 30일까지 증가한 후 점점 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 질소관비량이 증가할수록 T-N함량도 증가하는 경향을 볼 수 있었다. 질소관비량이 증가할수록 참외의 생체중과 질소흡수량은 증가하였지만 총수량 및 상품수량은 그렇지 않았다. 총수량과 상품수량은 검정시비 0.5배구에서 각각 44,550 kg $ha^{-1}$와 42,880 kg $ha^{-1}$로 가장 높았다. 또 상품과율도 0.5배구에서 95%로 가장 높았다. 결과적으로 과실의 총수량, 상품수량, 상품과율 등을 고려할 때, 검정시비 0.5배구에 해당하는 질소량의 관비가 참외의 생육 및 수량 증가에 가장 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.650-659
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• 2013

To investigate the effects of facial blood flow rates(FBFR) and facial skin temperature(FST) generated by Gagam-Jawoonaek(GJ) application(appl.) after Miso Facial Rejuvenation Acupuncture(MFRA). Ten people in their twenties to fifties with no skin diseases were recruited. We randomly divided subjects two groups(A, B) and set the GJ appl. site(group A - right side, group B - left side). MFRA was performed on both sides of their face. Immediately after acupuncture treatment(AT treat.), GJ was applied only half of the face. We measured their FBFR using Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging(LDPI) and FST using Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI) at pre-AT treat., immediately after AT treat., twenty and sixty minutes after GJ appl.. We analyzed data using Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon test(p < 0.05). After MFRA treat., FBFR on both sides increased. Twenty minutes after JW appl., the changes of FBFR on GJ appl. side($122.9{\pm}43.1PU$) were bigger than GJ non-appl. side($80.9{\pm}38.4PU$), a statistically significant decrease. Sixty minutes after application, FBFR on both sides were recovered almost at the same level as that of pre-AT treat. After MFRA treat., FST on both sides increased. Twenty minutes after GJ appl., the changes of FST on GJ appl. side($1.1{\pm}0.6^{\circ}C$) were comparable to that of GJ non-appl. side($1.2{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$). Sixty minutes after application, FST on both sides were recovered almost at the same level as that of pre-AT treat.. Gagam-Jawoonaek could decrease facial blood flow rates.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.20-25
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• 1978

Research on the hormones of insect has followed by the special opportunities and problems arising from pollution. Since then, the main frame of it has been energetically exploited by ligation, decapitation and so on. In the meanwhile, knowledge of the biochemistry of hormone action as well as other aspects of biochemistry in insects has been gradually disclosed. Since 1966, practical use of active analogs of the hormones has been also worked out as an insecticide and brought the features of it to the light. On the other hand, it is expected to afford the increase of silk productivity resulted from control of the fifth larval period by delaying normal development. With these regards, some of analogs have been tried to apply practically to the silkworm. One of them is "Manta" produced by Zoecon Chemical Company and it is presently used for the increase of silk productivity in Japan. Another one is "R-20458", not registered one, issued by Stuffer Chemical Company. It is still pending for the silkworm growth regulator For the possibility of practical use, two chemicals are tested on the increase of silk productivity by topical application and the obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. It is evident that the fifth larval period was extended by topical application of the tested chemicals "Manta"and "R-20458"at the fifth instar after 51 hours of the last ecdysis, ranging from 12 hours to one day, as compared to. the control 2. In survival rates, there is no significance at 5% level between control and treatments. It proved that there was no toxity to silkworm by topical aprication. 3. There is an increase of cocoon yield in both chemical treatments. It was resulted from increase of weight of single cocoon. "Manta"2.5ppm produced 22.2kg of cocoon. It is equal to 9% increase in index, as compared to that of control. In case of R-20458, the increasing rates were varied at the different concentration; 21.4kg of cocoon production with 5% increase at 5ppm, 20.9kg of it with 2% increase at 2.5ppm and 20.6kg of it with 1% increase at 1. 25ppm in index, respectively, as compared with that of control. 4. Percentage of cocoon shell was increased by topical application. In case of "Manta" 2.5ppm, it is 25.6% which is equal to 6% increase in index, as compared with that of control. For "R-20458", the increasing rates of percentage of cocoon shell were varied with the different level of chemical concentration. They are 25.0% of 4% increase at 2.5ppm, 24.9% of 3% increase at 1.25ppm and 24.7% of 3% increase at 5ppm. 15% increase was attained at "Manta" 2.5ppm in the weight of cocoon layer based on cocoon yield and percentage of cocoon shell in index, as compared with that of control. The rates for "R-20458"are 5% increase at 2.5ppm and 4% increase at 1. 25ppm in index.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.531-540
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• 2016

The adoption of legume cover crops in no-tillage system can contribute to improve soil fertility by providing several benefits, including reduction in soil erosion, suppression of weed growth and N supply to subsequent crops. We conducted a field study to investigate the effect of cover crops and nitrogen fertilization rates on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of waxy corn (Zea mays L.) in no-tillage upland field. Two legume cover crops, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnuturn L.) were mechanically terminated with roller in early June. For each cover crop treatment, nitrogen (N) fertilizer was applied at three different rates (145, 72.5 and $0kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$). The growth and yield characteristics of corn were significantly affected by the N fertilization rates in crimson clover plots, which suggest N mineralization from the cover crop residue was not sufficient. In contrast, N fertilization rates had no significant effect on growth and yield of corn in hairy vetch plots, indicating that the amount of N released from the cover crop is large enough to meet most of the N requirement of corn. However, the application of N fertilizer in hairy vetch cover plots resulted in slight increase of crop yield, though not statically significant, and high levels of N concentration in corn plant tissue possibly due to luxury consumption of N. Organic residues on the soil surface in hairy vetch cover plots had substantial amounts of N after harvest, ranging from 100 to $116kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, which is presumably retained during winter season and released by microbial mineralization in subsequent year. The highest nitrogen yield efficiency was achieved in the plot with hairy vetch cover and no N fertilizer application, followed by the plot with hairy vetch cover and $72.5kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ fertilization rate. In conclusion, hairy vetch showed better performance in corn productivity as compared with crimson clover. In addition, it was concluded that the application of N fertilizer between 0 and $72.5kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ in combination with hairy vetch cover crop might be most efficient for corn yield under no-tillage system with climatic and soil characteristics similar to those of the experimental site.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.124-131
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• 1992

논에서의 quinclorac [3,7-dichloro-8-quinoline carboxylic acid]이 갖는 후작물(後作物) 영향(影響) 문제(問題)를 감소(減少)시키는 동시에 경지환경(耕地環境) 관리(管理)와 농가경제의 합리화를 위하여 논의 작부양식(作付樣式)과 약제사용시기별(藥劑使用時期別) 약량(藥量) 감축(減縮) 가능성(可能性)을 온실내(溫室內) tray 시험(試驗)을 통하여 비교검토(比較檢討)하였다. 공시(供試)된 논의 작부양식(作付樣式)은 건답직파(乾畓直播), 담수직파(湛水直播), 8 일묘(苗) 이앙(移秧) 및 25 일묘(苗) 이앙(移秧)의 4종(種) 재배양식(栽培樣式)이었고, 약제처리(藥劑處理)는 파종(播種)및 이앙후(移秧後) 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 일(日)의 7 시기(時期) 및 1% 입제(粒劑)를 통한 0, 75, 150, 225, 300, 375, 450, 525, 600g ai/ha의 9수준(水準) 약량(藥量)이었다. 벼(자포니카형 "동진")에 대한 안전최대허용약량내(安全最大許容藥量內)에서 피 (Echinochloa crus-galli)의 완전방제(完全防除) 최소약량(最少藥量)을 산출하여 작부양식(作付樣式) 및 처리시기별(處理時期別)로 비교분석(比較分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같았다. 1. 건답직후(乾畓直後) : 파종후(播種後) 10 일까지의 처리(處理)에서는 150 g ai/ha, 처리시기(處理時期)가 15 일(日)이후 20 일(日)까지 늦어짐에 따라 225g부터 525g ai/ha 까지 증대(增大)되었다. 2. 담수직파(湛水直播) 및 8 일(日)/25 일(日) 묘(苗)의 이앙재배(移秧栽培) : 파종(播種)/이앙後(移秧後) 10 일(日)까지의 처리(處理)에서는 75g ai/ha, 15 일(日) 처리(處理)에서는 150g ai/ha, 20 일(日)이후 30 일(日)까지의 처리(處理)에서는 225g ai/ha 의 약량(藥量)이 요구(要求)되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1094-1099
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• 2012

담수조건으로 토양질소동태에 대한 결실기 자운영의 투입효과를 포트시험을 통해 평가하였다. 자운영의 투입에 따라 벼의 자운영유래 질소 이용율은 약 51-64%으로 자운영의 투입량이 높을수록 감소하였다. 수확기 토양의 자운영질소는 약 3-5%가 저장되었고, 자운영 유래 질소의 손실은 각각 32.4와 44.1%를 차지하였다. 벼 수량 대비 자운영 $30Mg\;ha^{-1}$ 시용은 질소추천시비량을 전량 대체할 수 있었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.182-192
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• 2000

본 연구는 밭토양에서 종류가 상이한 퇴비시용 시 퇴비시용 한계량을 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 공시토양은 양토와 사양토를 사용하였고, 시험에 사용한 퇴비의 종류는 계분퇴비, 우분퇴비, 분뇨잔사 및 식품오니퇴비 이었다. 퇴비 시용량은 0, 40, $80Mg\;ha^{-1}$ 수준이었고, 공시작물은 콩과 옥수수로서 1994년부터 1997년도까지 4년간 연작을 하였으며 주요 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 옥수수의 건물생산량은 퇴비 시용량이 증가될수록 증가되었으나 콩은 퇴비 $60Mg\;ha^{-1}$ 시용까지는 증가되다가 그 이상은 감소되었다. 질소와 인산 이용율은 옥수수가 콩보다 많았으며, 질소 이용율은 옥수수가 21~31%, 콩은 8~19%였고, 인산 이용율은 옥수수와 콩이 각각 5~7%. 1~2%로 낮은 편이었다. Biomass기준 계분퇴비 시용 한계량은 옥수수재배시는 $39{\sim}47Mg\;ha^{-1}$ 콩 재배시는 $8{\sim}13Mg\;ha^{-1}$범위 이었다. 작물의 질소 요구량을 기준으로 하였을 경우는 옥수수 $123Mg\;ha^{-1}$, 콩은 $87Mg\;ha^{-1}$였고, 인산기준으로는 옥수수 $29Mg\;ha^{-1}$ 콩은 $14Mg\;ha^{-1}$범위였다. 토양의 염기포화도 80%를 한계수준으로 평가한 토성별 퇴비시용 한계량은 옥수수재배시 양토는 $69{\sim}93Mg\;ha^{-1}$, 사양토는 $49{\sim}69Mg\;ha^{-1}$범위이었다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2014

Biochar application to soil is widely known to have effects of climate change mitigation and soil quality improvement. However, effects of biochar on soil ecosystem are not always positive and some biochars are reported to contain toxic materials which might influence soil ecosystem. In this context, this study aims to investigate behavioral changes of earthworms(Eisenia fetida, Eisenia andrei) in response to different application rates of biochar to artificial soil. Treatment included two types of biochars made from rice husk (RH_Char) and wastewater sludge (SL_Char) with 1% and 10% application rates, respectively. Avoidance test revealed that earthworms did not avoid SL_Char treatments at 1% and 10%, while they rather moved to the RH_Char treatments probably due to higher labile carbon content(Hot water extractable carbon) of the RH_Char. The HWC content of RH_Char was 4 times higher than that of the SL_Char. Results of reproduction test showed that the survival rates, number of juveniles and number of cocoons were not influenced by biochar application except for the treatment of SL_Char at 10% rate. In the SL_Char 10% treatment, fatality was approximately 3.3 times as high as the control and the number of cocoons was 1.3 times higher in the same treatment than the control, indicating that earthworms were under environmental stress. The possible explanation for the stress condition was related to higher Cd, Ni, Cr, and As contents in the SL_Char. Overall results imply that biochar application at low rate might not change earthworms' behavior for the short term, while the reproduction behavior might be negatively influenced under the high application rate.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.969-976
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• 2009

Use of oocytes from prepubertal animals for in vitro embryo production holds potential application for reducing generation intervals and increasing genetic progress through embryo transfer. The objective of these studies was to compare the effect of three sperm pretreatments (prior to in vitro fertilization) and seven embryo culture protocols on fertilization rate and (or) subsequent development of in vitro fertilized embryos derived from oocytes harvested from ovaries of 1-6 month old prepubertal Boer goats in China. Cleavage rates were highest for embryos fertilized with heparin-treated versus calcium ionophore- or caffeine-treated sperm. Similar rates of blastocyst development were observed using heparin- and ionophore-treated sperm, which were higher than obtained with caffeine-treated sperm. No differences in cleavage or blastocyst rates were observed following embryo culture in basal medias (synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF), Charles Rosenkrans 1 (CR1) or tissue culture medium-199 (TCM-199)) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Cumulus or oviductal cell co-culture did not enhance cleavage or blastocyst rates relative to culture in SOF+10% FBS. Replacement of FBS in SOF medium with 0.3% BSA increased cleavage rates, but did not increase rates of blastocyst development. Sequential culture in SOF+0.3% BSA followed by SOF+10% FBS increased blastocyst yield versus continuous culture in SOF+10% FBS and tended to increase blastocyst yield versus continuous culture in SOF+0.3% BSA. These results demonstrate a pronounced effects of sperm pretreatments and in vitro embryo culture systems on rates of blastocyst development and provide a potential protocol (sperm pretreatment with heparin and sequential embryo culture in SOF+0.3% BSA followed by SOF+10% FBS) for generation of the significant numbers of in vitro produced blastocysts from oocytes of prepubertal Boer goats necessary for application of embryo transfer in rural regions of China for distribution of Boer goat genetics.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.652-658
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• 2013

A huge number of greenhouse soils in Korea have accumulated mineral elements which induce many nutritional and pathological problems. The present study was performed to the effects of the reduced fertilization on plant growth, and uptake and partitioning of minerals (N, P, K) and soluble carbohydrates using highly minerals-accumulated farmer's greenhouse soil. On the basis of the recommended application for tomato crop, the application rates of N, P and K were 110(50%)-5.2(5%)-41.5(35%)kg $ha^{-1}$, respectively, using Hoagland's nutrient solution. Tomato growth rates during the whole experiment were not significant between treatments, but it was found that a decrease in daily growth represented after 60 days of treatment (DAT). The reduced application led to a drastic decrease in the concentration of N, P and K in fruits, and, thus, this resulted in lower uptake after 40 DAT. The lower phloem export and utilization of soluble carbohydrates caused an accumulation of extra-carbohydrates in leaves, stems and fruits in the reduced application. The reduced fertilization induced the capture of N, P and K in leaves and of soluble carbohydrates in stems compared to the conventional application. In this study, we suggest that it is possible to delay the first fertigation time in minerals-accumulated soils without an adverse impact on crop growth, but it is necessary to regularly monitor mineral status in soil to ensure a balanced uptake, synthesis and partitioning of minerals and carbohydrates.