• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.699-706
• /
• 2007

The importance of the standards and its related texts established by Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) had been increased by the Agreement of Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) in World Trade Organization (WTO). To meet the needs of WTO SPS Agreement, biennial CAC meeting had been changed to every year. This study was conducted to analyze the effects on interval between CAC meetings. The years of adoption, revision and amendment of CAC texts were collected from the official standard list and individual texts from CAC homepage. The period since establishment of CAC was divided into four groups by starting negotiation of Uruguay Round, WTO foundation and reducing the interval between CAC meetings. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS program. The numbers of CAC standards, guidelines, recommendations, maximum residue levels, and miscellaneous texts were 202, 56, 46, 3 and 5, respectively. Since 8 documents didn't contain the adoption year, these texts were eliminated to analyze adoption year. For adoption, annually 11.26 texts were established since establishment of CAC and there were no significant difference among the 4 groups. However the average numbers of revisions and amendments of adopted texts for overall periods and for each period were 7.56, 0.93, 6.50, 17.20 and 19.75, respectively. The average numbers of overall decisions, defined as summation of adoption, revision and amendment of texts, for overall periods and for each period were 12.37, 6.27, 9.00, 17.40 and 29.25, respectively. There were significant differences by the WTO foundation and the interval between CAC meetings. The reduced interval of CAC meetings influenced to increase number of revisions and amendments of adopted texts, but not yet adoption of new text.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.14-27
• /
• 2020

Pedestrian deaths account for a high percentage of deaths in traffic accidents in Korea, raising interest in pedestrian safety policy. However, since the walk signal time is applied based on the length of the crosswalk without considering the walker and the signal cycle, the walk waiting time is relatively longer than the crosswalk, causing pedestrian jaywalking. In this study, due to an unreasonable signal time plan during a road crossing where a signal is installed, the pedestrian's walk signal was given twice a cycle of crossings, and the operational and safety effects of the signal system were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed, and the operational effects of the signal interval and jaywalking rate were assessed by different signal intervals. The results showed that jaywalking and waiting time decreased, and the shorter the interval between the application of the walk signal time, the less jaywalking is analyzed. However, there is a risk of vehicle conflict due to pedestrian exposure, and measures for expanding safety for operation were proposed.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.362-369
• /
• 2014

A developed slurry composting and biofiltration (DSCB) liquid fertilizer could be used for eco-friendly turfgrass management in golf course. This study was conducted to evaluate the growth effect of application intervals of DSCB in Kentucky bluegrass based on turf color index, chlorophyll index, clipping yield and uptake and availability of nutrient. Treatments were designed as follows; non-fertilizer (NF), control (CF) and DSCB treatments which were applied a every 15 days (DSCB), every 30 days (2DSCB) and 60 days (4DSCB-1: April, June, August; 4DSCB-2: May, July, September). Turf color indexes of DSCB and 2DSCB were higher than CF, but these chlorophyll indexes similar to CF. The clipping yield and uptake and availability rate of nitrogen and potassium in turfgrass were increased in 2DSCB. These results suggested that application of DSCB improved turf quality and growth by prompting an uptake and availability of nutrients in Kentucky bluegrass and its application interval was 1time per month.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.227-232
• /
• 2011

The QRS complex in ECG analysis is possible to obtain much information that is helpful for diagnosing different types of cardiovascular disease. This paper presents the preprocessor method to detect R-peak, RR interval, and HRV in wireless sensor node. The derivative of the electrocardiogram is efficiency of preprocessing method for resource hungry wireless sensor node with low computation. We have implemented R-peak and RR interval detection application based on dECG for wireless sensor node. The sensor node only transfers meaning parameter of ECG. Thus, implementation of sensor node can save power, reduce traffic, and eliminate congestion in a WSN.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.1439-1448
• /
• 2013

The analysis of variance for randomized block design or two way classification data is well known. In this paper, particularly, we considered two stage nested design in which the levels of one factor is not identical for different levels of another factor. We investigate the structural properties of two stage nested design and the properties of error sum of squares for random effect model. For the application of two way nested design, we consider two-period crossover design which is used commonly for the equivalence test to bio-similar product. The confidence interval estimation of the difference of two population means in the crossover design is discussed based on statistical package SPSS.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2008.06a
• /
• pp.1294-1300
• /
• 2008

In the current railway industry in Korea, a lot of researches and studies have been progressed to establish RAMS process and construction of RCM system in accordance with international standards. On the point of view of applying the RCM to the railway system, many problems (i.e., reliability of the existing field data, the lack and incorrectness of failure information, etc) are described. To solve these problems, it is need to study and effort the RCM, practically. In this paper, lots of problems and solutions for methods determining the preventive maintenance interval of application of the RCM will be described. To do this, the method using the theory of RBI (Reliability Based Inspection) which is applied to the existing chemical plants and power plants is described. From this study, it is expected that in this situation that the quantitative data is not enough, the results that an analyst quantifies the qualitative factors and/or items will be a good reference that can effectively approach, on the side of determination about each maintenance task and inspection interval.

• Korean Journal of Geomatics
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.65-73
• /
• 2002

GPS in the United States and GLONASS of the old Soviet Union are used currently as satellite navigation systems. Plans are being made to use the Galileo satellite system in Europe, and these plans focus on a combined application of the satellite navigation systems. In this study, we examined the possibility of effective application of a combination of GPS/GLONASS in urban areas, where 3-dimensional positioning is impossible with GPS alone. We analyzed the 3-D coordinate deviation of a GLONASS satellite by integration interval and compared it with GLONASS satellite coordinates in precise ephmerides by transforming it into WGS84. We also programmed GPS/GLONASS, analyzed 3-D positioning accuracy by static surveying and kinematic surveying with Ashtech Z18 receivers and Legacy receivers, and then compared the results to those of GPS surveying. As a result, we are able to decide the integration interval for producing GLONASS satellite coordinates in navigation and geographical information and construct a GPS/GLONASS data processing system by developing a DGPS/DGLONASS positioning program. If more than four GLONASS satellites are observed, the accuracy of GPS/GLONASS is better than that of GPS positioning. As a result of kinematic surveying in a congested urban area with skyscrapers, we discovered that the GPS/LONASS combination is very effective.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 2008

Bacillus subtilis BD0310 isolated from tea leaves was used for the development of a biofungicide against Pestitalotiopsis longiseta causing gray blight of tea plants. After mass culture of the antagonistic bacteria, the biofungicide formulated as a suspension concentrate was evaluated for its control efficacy against the gray blight of tea plant in a greenhouse and a tea plantation, respectively. Spray of the biofungicide 2 days before inoculation of P. longiseta inhibited more efficiently the development of gray blight compared with spray of the biofungicide 2 days after inoculation of the pathogen onto the leaves of tea plants in a greenhouse. In the field investigation under application of the biofungicide in 2005 and 2006, control efficiencies increased according to the number of spray of the biofungicide. Control efficiencies of the biofungicide were 52.4%, 66.7%, 71.4% and 85.7% against gray blight in 4 times spray of the biofungicide alone at 7 days interval, 6 times spray of the biofungicide alone at 7 days interval, 2 times alternate spray of biofungicide and chemical fungicide at 7 days interval and 4 times spray of chemical fungicide alone at 7 days interval, respectively. Therefore, the alternate application of the biofungicide and chemical fungicide at 7 days interval can increase the control efficiency with reduction of the amount of chemical fungicides and the number of spray for the control of gray blight of tea plants in the field.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.200-207
• /
• 2014

Blood pressure (BP) is an important vital signal for determining the health of an individual subject. Although estimation of mean arterial blood pressure is possible using oscillometric blood pressure techniques, there are no established techniques in the literature for obtaining confidence interval (CI) for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) estimates obtained from such BP measurements. This paper proposes a nonparametric bootstrap technique to obtain CI with a small number of the BP measurements. The proposed algorithm uses pseudo measurements employing nonparametric bootstrap technique to derive the pseudo maximum amplitudes (PMA) and the pseudo envelopes (PE). The SBP and DBP are then derived using the new relationships between PMA and PE and the CIs for such estimates. Application of the proposed method on an experimental dataset of 85 patients with five sets of measurements for each patient has yielded a smaller Cl than the conventional student t-method.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.38-50
• /
• 2018

Spatio-temporal load forecasting (STLF) is a foundation for building the prediction-based power map, which could be a useful tool for the visualization and tendency assessment of urban energy application. Constructing one point-forecasting model for each electricity cell in the geographic space is possible; however, it is unadvisable and insufficient, considering the aggregation features of electricity cells and uncertainties in input variables. This paper presents a new STLF method, with a data-driven framework consisting of 3 subroutines: multi-level clustering of cells considering their aggregation features, load regression for each category of cells based on SLS-SVRNs (sparse least squares support vector regression networks), and interval forecasting of spatio-temporal load with sampled blind number. Take some area in Pudong, Shanghai as the region of study. Results of multi-level clustering show that electricity cells in the same category are clustered in geographic space to some extent, which reveals the spatial aggregation feature of cells. For cellular load regression, a comparison has been made with 3 other forecasting methods, indicating the higher accuracy of the proposed method in point-forecasting of spatio-temporal load. Furthermore, results of interval load forecasting demonstrate that the proposed prediction-interval construction method can effectively convey the uncertainties in input variables.