• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.957-963
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• 2004

A new agreement measure for multivariate interval data by different sets of raters is proposed. The proposed approach builds on Um's multivariate extension of Cohen's kappa. The proposed measure is compared with corresponding earlier measures based on Berry and Mielke's approach and Janson and Olsson approach, respectively. Application of the proposed measure is exemplified using hypothetical data set.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.102-106
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• 2008

The single application of Bacillus subtilis QST713(BS QST713) mixed application with fungicides and alternate application were treated to examine the control of alternaria leaf blight of Panax ginseng. Control value of alternaria leaf blight by single application of BS QST713 at 10 days interval was 83.3%, and those of single application at 10 days interval was $80.4{\sim}83.7%$ by azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil copper sulfate basic, copper sulfate basic, kresoxim-methyl, difenoconazole, mancozeb. When mixture of BS QST713 and fungicides were applied at 14 days interval, the control value of alternaria leaf blight were 83.6% by BS QST713 and mancozeb, and 82.6% by BS QST713 and azoxystrobin. However, mixture of BS QST713 with difenoconazole, kresoxim-methyl, copper sulfate basic and chlorothalonil copper sulfate basic exhibited the disease control values from 61.1% to 76.4%, which showed slightly lower control efficacy. In Daejeon, the alternate application of BS QST713 followed by copper sulfate basic with 14 days interval was 85.9% in control value, which showed the best control efficacy. The alternate application with other tested fungicides slightly decreased to $55.5{\sim}78.2%$ in control value. However, the alternate application of BS QST713 followed by fungicides showed very high control efficacy, which were approximately 90% in Muju, Jeonbuk Province. Consequently, the single, mixed or alternate application of BS QST713 and fungicides could be recommended as a control method to reduce the amount of fungicides.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.70-78
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• 2000

A novel capacitance deviation-to-time interval converter based on ramp-integration is presented. It consists of two current mirrors, two schmitt triggers, and control digital circuits by the upper and lower sides, symmetrically. Total circuit has been with discrete components. The results show that the proposed converter has a linearity error of less than 1% at the time interval(pulse width) over a capacitance deviation from 295 pF to 375 pF. A capacitance deviation of 40pF and time interval of 0.2 ms was measured for sensor capacitance of 335 pF. Therefore, the high-resolution can be known by counting the fast and stable clock pulses gated into a counter for time interval. The application of a novel capacitance deviation-to time interval converter to a digital humidity controller is also presented. The presented circuit is insensitive to the capacitance difference in disregard of voltage source or temperature deviation. Besides the accuracy, it features the small MOS device count integrable onto a small chip area. The circuit is thus particularly suitable for the on-chip interface.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.105-114
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• 1989

The actual working time of jobs, in general, is different to the standard time of jobs. In this paper, in order to analyze the actual working time of each job in production, we use the total production amount and the encessary total working time. The method which analyzes the actual working time is as follows. In this paper, we propose the interval regression analysis for obtaining an interval linear regression model with constraint conditions with respect to interval parameters. The merits of this method are the following.1) it is easy to obtain an interval linear model by solving a LP problem to which the formulation of proposed regression analysis is reduced, 2) it is easy to add constraint conditions about interval parameters, which are a sort of expert knowledge. As an application, within a case which has given certain data, the actual working time of jobs and the number of workers in a future plan are estimated through the real data obtianed from the operation of processing line in a heavy industry company. It results from the proposed method that the actual working time and the number of workers can be estimated as intervals by the interval regression model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.75-83
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• 2024

Accurately assessing and managing risks in any endeavor is crucial. Risk assessment in engineering translates the abstract concept of risk into actionable strategies for systematic risk management. However, risk validation is met with significant skepticism, particularly concerning the uncertainty of probability. This study aims to address the aforementioned uncertainty in a multitude of ways. Firstly, instead of relying on deterministic probability, it acknowledges uncertainty and presents a probabilistic interval. Secondly, considering the uncertainty interval highlighted in OREDA, it delineates the bounds of the probabilistic interval. Lastly, it investigates how much explanatory power deterministic probability has within the defined probabilistic interval. By utilizing fault tree analysis (FTA) and integrating confidence intervals, a probabilistic risk assessment was conducted to scrutinize the explanatory power of deterministic probability. In this context, explanatory power signifies the proportion of probability within the probabilistic risk assessment interval that lies below the deterministic probability. Research results reveal that at a 90% confidence interval, the explanatory power of deterministic probability decreases to 73%. Additionally, it was confirmed that explanatory power reached 100% only with a probability application 36.9 times higher.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 2014

Consecutive pepper cultivation in plastic film houses may lead to salt accumulation because pepper is considered a heavy nutrient feeder. For this reason, appropriate methods of fertilizer application should be established. Thus, we investigated the effect of different intervals of side-dressing N and K fertilizer applications on soil and red pepper in a plastic film house. All the amounts of recommended compost and phosphorus fertilizer were applied as basal dressing. Cultivars of the pepper plant were Cheon-Ha-Dae-Se (CHDS) and NW-BiGaLim (NW-BGL). Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were treated as side-dressing at different intervals, 22 times in every 10 days, 15 times in every 15 days, and 11 times in every 20 days. Soil pH decreased with decreasing the intervals of side-dressing applications, whereas electrical conductivity (EC) declined with the increasing fertilizer application intervals. In particular, EC value decreased by up to 75% with CHDS cultivar in the plot of 20 day-interval and with NW-BGL cultivar in the plot of 15 day-interval. The concentrations of available phosphorus in the soils increased with increasing the interval. The concentration of exchangeable $K^+$ increased but exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ decreased in all the plots, except in the control plot. The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in leaves of the pepper plants were lowest in the control plot. Potassium concentrations in the pepper leaves were high in the control plot and in the plots of CHDS with 10 day-interval and NW-BGL with 15 day-interval. Red pepper productivity was high in the plots of 10- and 15 day-intervals for CHDS cultivar and 15- and 20 day-intervals for NW-BGL cultivar. Therefore, the 15 day-interval of side-dressing N and K applications was considered as an appropriate method for cultivating pepper plants and protecting soil in plastic film houses.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.135-149
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• 1994

Demand forecasting is to estimate the demand of customers for products and services. Since the future is uncertain in nature, it is too difficult for us to predict exactly what will happen. Therefore, when the forecasting is performed upon the uncertain future, it is realistic to estimate the value of demand as an interval or a fuzzy number instead of a crisp number. In this paper, we propose a demand forecasting method using the standard back-propagation algorithm and then we extend the method to the case of interval inputs. Next, we demonstrate that the proposed method using the interval neural networks can represent the fuzziness of forecasting values as intervals. Last, we propose a demand forecasting method using the transformed input variables that can be obtained by taking account of the degree of influence between an input and an output.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 1995

The purpose of this paper is to calculate the excavation volume of unequal interval grid using nonlinear boundary in eathwork volume determination for reclamation of the foreshore. A congruence area formula by first and third equation is compared with trapezoidal, simpson formulas to earthwork volume. And nonlinear spot level method of unequal interval grid is compared with linear and nonlinear spot level method of equal interval grid excavation volume. As a result algorithm of derived area and volume formula should provide a better accuracy than linear and nonlinear spot level currently in use. Practical application of each method to the excavation volume is illustrated by digital elevation model of aerial photogrammetry and model test of aquarium.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1989 no.05
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• pp.13-14
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• 1989

Prolongation in QT corrected interval (QTc), measured in surface ECG, has been shown in the majority af patients to be marker of bad prognosis in postmyocardial infarction patients (PMIP). Hence it would seem logical that dynamic QTc interval measurement can be a very usefull indicator to stratify prognosis in PMIP. We present a new algorithm for QT as well as for QTP (distance value from Q wave onset to T wave peak) intervals measurement in 24 hour ECG Holter tapes. Validation of the algorithm by hand measurement has been done on first beats of 18 Holter tapes, resulting in a magnitude of deviations between 10 and 15 ms. Application on 24 hour Holter ECG signal has also been done.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.143-147
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• 2007

This paper presents various interval estimation methods of binomial proportion for small n in multi-product small volume production and extremely small ^P like PPM or PPB fraction of defectives. This study classifies interval estimation of binomial proportion into three categories such as exact, approximate, Bayesian methods. These confidence intervals proposed in this paper can be applied to attribute process capability and attribute acceptance sampling plan for PPM or PPB.