• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.123-134
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• 2001

The quality including in situ degradability in the rumen of Holstein of the black locust silage added with apple pomace was investigated in this study. The amount of apple pomace added in different treatments were 0, 20, 40 and 60% respectively. With higher amount of addition of apple pomace in black locust, crude protein content in the silage decreased. Crude protein contents in the apple pomace added silage were in the range between 11.7 and 13.7% and those were significantly lower than 16.3% of 100% black locust silage. The contents of ADF, NDF and crude ash were in the same trend as with crude protein, which were shown more clearly in the 40∼60% addition of apple pomace. Moisture content of 100% black locust silage was 56.7% however it significantly increased according to higher levels of addition of apple pomace(67.1∼73.8%). pH, lactic acid and total organic acid contents in 20∼60% addition of apple Pomace were 3.7∼4.3, 1.3∼2.2%, and 2.1∼6.0% respectively, however in 100% black locust silage those were significantly lower except pH as 5.4, 0.6% and 1.0% respectively. In situ disappearance rates of dry matter and NDF in the rumen were significantly higher at the stapes of incubation after 12h and 24h respectively in 20∼40% addition of apple pomace than in 100% black locust silage. No statistical differences were observed with quickly degradable fraction (a) in the disappearance rates of dry matter and NDF. In dry matter, however slowly degradable fractions (b) of 100% black locust and 60% addition of apple pomace were significantly higher as 99.7 and 99.8% respectively than 37.7∼50.5% of 20∼40% addition of apple pomace. On the contrary, fractional rate of disappearance (c) and effective degradability(ED) were significantly higher in 20∼40% addition of apple pomace as 0.0115∼0.0149 and 30.4∼31.9% respectively than the respective values of 0.0027 and 24.9% of 100% black locust. In NDF, b was significantly higher in apple pomace added silage(38.5∼99.8%) than in 100% black locust silage(14.9%). However, C was significantly lower in apple pomace added silage than in 100% black locust silage.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2000

The quality of the rice straw silage added with apple pomace was investigated in this study and the amount of apple pomace added in different treatments were 0, 20, 40 and 60%, respectively. Crude protein contents (6.4-7.5%) of rice straw silage added with apple pomace were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of 100%. rice straw silage (5.3%), however, crude ash contents were lower (P<0.05) in supplementation of apple pomace. The trends of changing chemical composition between raw materials and end products of silages particularly in the contents of crude protein and crude ash were more apparent in the silages added with apple pomace by 40-60%. Values of pH and the contents of lactic acid and total acid in 40-60% apple pomace added silages were 3.9-4.1, 1.0- 1.5% and 2.7-4.5%, respectively which were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of 4.6, 0.02% and 0.34% in 100% rice straw silage, respectively. In situ dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) disappearance rates in the rumen in the treatments of 40- 60% apple pomace added silages were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of 100% rice straw silage particularly since after 3 and 24 hour incubation on DM and NDF disappearance, respectively. Although quickly degraded fraction (a) among the treatments were not significantly different, 28.4-28.5% of slowly degraded fraction (b) and 27.2-27.4% of effective degradability (ED, k=0.08) for DM were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of 100% rice straw silage (12.5 and 24.6% respectively). NDF was in the same trend as in DM. 31.6-63.2% of NDF for b fraction and 18.7- 19.4% for ED in 40-60% apple pomace added silages were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of 100% rice straw silage (12.4 and 17.6% respectively). (Key words : Rice straw silage, Apple pomace, Lactic acid, In situ digestibility, Effective degradability)

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2001

The quality including in situ degradability in the rumen of Holstein of the orchardgrass silage added with apple pomace was investigated in this study. The amount of apple pomace added in different treatments were 0, 20, 40 and 60% respectively. With higher amount of addition of apple pomace to orchardgrass, ADF, NDF and crude ash contents decreased significantly (p<0.05). Crude protein contents in the silages (11.8- 12.9%) were similar to that of 100% orchardgrass silage. Moisture contents increased according to the higher proportion of apple pomace in the silages. On the contrary to moisture content, pH was lower in 40-60% addition of apple pomace (3.7-3.9) than that of 100% orchardgrass silage (4.7). However the contents of lactic acid (1.7-2.5%), acetic acid (1.3- 1.7%) and total organic acid (2.9-4.2%) significantly increased according to higher levels of addition of apple pomace compared to the respective values of 100% orchardgrass silage (1.1%, 0.6% 1.7%). In siru disappearance rates of dry matter and NDF in the rumen were significantly higher at the stages of incubation after 24h in 40-60% addition of apple pomace than in 100% orchardgrass silage. No statistical differences were observed with quickly degradable fraction (a) and slowly degradable fraction (b) in the disappearance rates of dry matter and NDF. However, fractional rate of disappearance (c) and effective degradability (ED, k=0.08) for dry matter and NDF were significantly higher in 20-60% addition of apple pomace as 0.0076-0.0079 and 0.0099-0.0130. and 39.3-41.7% and 18.4- 20.6% respectively than the respective values of 0.0054 and 0.0064, and 36.8 and 16.5% of 100% orchardgrass silage. (Key words : Orchardgrass silage. Apple pomace. Lactic acid, In Situ Degradability. Effective degradability)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1599-1605
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• 2002

In this study, three different experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of apple pomace produced in southern areas of the Republic of Korea (South Korea). The effects of combining apple pomace in different ratios with commercial concentrates and rice straw in the diets of Korean native goats (Capra hircus) were examined. In experiment I, in situ DM and CP disappearances from nylon bags incubated in the rumen of goats showed that greater amounts of DM and CP were released from apple pomace than those from concentrates at the later stages of incubation, but only after 48 h for DM and CP, respectively. This was reflected in the higher 'b' value of the slowly degradable fraction of the apple pomace compared to the concentrates. Prior to these times the trend was reversed. In experiment II, Korean native goats were fed a diet containing apple pomace with either rice straw or rice straw and concentrates, and the in vivo nutrient digestibilities compared to animals receiving an alfalfa hay. DM digestibility in the animals given apple pomace plus concentrates with rice straw (66.86%) were similar to the goats given alfalfa hay only (69.09%) but significantly greater than for a diet of rice straw plus concentrates. In experiment III, an in vivo study was conducted to investigate the inclusion of 30 to 60% apple pomace pre-mixed with rice straw, rice bran and concentrates on the nutritional value for Korean native goats. Apple pomace mixed diets had higher DM intakes, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention than diets without apple pomace, which may have been due to the higher non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and less ADF and NDF than those in other treatments. Replacement of concentrates with apple pomace in rice straw based diets of Korean native goats fed either separately (experiment II) or by pre-mixing (experiment III) gave satisfactory feed intake, digestibility, pH of ruminal fluid and production of $NH_3$-N and VFA in the rumen of goats. The results of this study infer that apple pomace can be included at levels of up to 60% in the diets of goats without dramatic effect on the animal.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.858-864
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• 2018

To improve the utility of apple, apple flesh (Malus domestica cv. Fuji), pomace and peels were dried and then extracted using solvents (water, 70% and 100% ethanol). The contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, ursolic acid and antioxidant activities were measured as extracted from the apple flesh, pomace and peel. The content of polyphenols was the highest in the apple peel when 100% ethanol was extracted. The content of flavonoids was about 3~8 times higher in apple peel than those of flesh and pomace, and 70% ethanol extract was the highest content. Ascorbic acid content was the highest in apple peel as well as flavonoid content. The content of ursolic acid in the apple flesh was not detected in water and ethanol extraction. In the case of apple pomace and peel, ursolic acid was not detected in water extract but it was detected when ethanol was extracted. The content of ursolic acid was highest in the apple peel. In the case of antioxidative activity, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability showed the highest ability when apple peel was extracted with 70% ethanol.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.333-338
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• 1999

This study was aimed to develop a value-added fermented products from rice and apple pomace using Bifidobacterium fermentation. The Bifidobacterium fermentation system of the mixture of rice and apple pomace was developed, and the physicochemical properties of the products were investigated. After 4 different bifidobacteria were compared for their fermentation capability and sensory properties of the fermented product, Bifidobacterium FBD-13 and FBD-22 were selected as appropriate strains for the fermentation of saccharified rice solution(SRS). The optimum inoculation level was 2% and the optimum fermentation time was 42 hrs. When wet apple pomace(WAP) was added to SRS, it contributed to the improvement of sensory properties of the fermented products and the optimum mixing ratio was 40% WAP and 60% SRS in weight. For the fermentation of the mixture of WAP and SRS, Bifidobacterium FBD-27 and FBD-22 were selected as suitable strains.

• Mycobiology
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.193-197
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• 2014

Laccase activity of Pleurotus ostreatus is significantly increased by the addition of apple pomace. Among various conditions, the best concentration of apple pomace and cultivation time for the production of laccase by P. ostreatus was 2.5% and 9 days, respectively. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses of laccase isoenzyme genes, including pox1, pox3, pox4, poxc, poxa3, and poxa1b, revealed a clear effect of apple pomace on transcription induction. Our findings reveal that the use of apple pomace can be a model for the valuable addition of similar wastes and for the development of a solid-state fermenter and commercial production of oyster mushroom P. ostreatus.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2016

사과가공 공정 중 많은 양의 사과박이 발생하며, 일부는 사료로 사용되나 대부분 버려지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 영양학적 가치가 높은 부산물을 10~30% 수준에서 밀가루를 대체하여 쿠키제조에 활용하고자 하였다. 반죽의 비중과 pH는 사과박의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 비중은 사과박을 첨가한 그룹 간에 유의적인 차이가 있지는 않았다. 당도는 30% 첨가 시 $2.07^{\circ}Brix$로 증가하였다. 쿠키의 수분함량, 퍼짐성, 손실률 및 팽창률은 사과박 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 쿠키색의 밝기, 적색도 및 황색도는 사과박의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 각각 70.46, 5.60, 37.52에서 56.25, 3.01, 27.92까지 감소하였다. 관능평가 결과, 사과박을 10%, 20% 첨가한 쿠키의 색, 향, 조직감, 외형, 전체적 기호도의 점수가 높았다. 따라서 쿠키제조 시 사과박의 첨가량은 20% 이내에서 사용하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.101-109
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• 1999

In order to investigate the possibility of treating the different mixture ratios of apple pomace and nightsoil sludge by vermicomposting was performed and the stability of worm casts, and availability of worm casts as plant growth media was evaluated by the analysis of chemical composition. The results were obtained as follows ; 1. The value of cast production at 100% apple pomace treatment was higher than those of other mixture ratios of apple pomace and nightsoil sludge. 2. The highest values of increasing rate and reproductive efficiency were obtained at mixture ratios of 60% apple pomace with 40% nightsoil sludge. 3. The value of increasing rate at 100% nightsoil sludge treatment was lower that those of other mixture ratios of apple pomace and nightsoil sludge. 4. Organic matter, available inorganic nutrients and stability of worm casts showed high values in all treatments. It means that worm casts are an excellent plant growth media source with a high chemical composition and their stability.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.617-625
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• 2021

사과주스 등 가공처리 후에는 사과의 부산물인 사과박이 다량 발생하며 일부는 동물 사료로 사용되지만 대부분이 산업 폐기물로 처리되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 사과박의 영양성분 및 ursolic acid 함량을 분석하고, 항산화 활성 및 항비만 효과를 측정함으로서 사과박의 기능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 시료로는 열풍건조 한 사과박과 동결건조 한 사과박을 이용하였으며 추출용매로는 증류수, 발효주정, methanol을 사용하여 사과박 추출물을 제조하였다. 열풍건조 한 사과박과 동결건조 한 사과박의 일반성분 분석 결과 수분함량은 열풍건조한 사과박에서는 3.2%, 동결건조 한 사과박에서는 8.2%로 건조방법에 따라 다소 차이가 있었지만 그 외 다른 일반성분에서는 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 총 식이섬유 함량은 열풍건조 한 사과박에서 28.5%, 동결건조 한 사과박에서 33.0%로 사과의 식이섬유는 주로 세포벽에 존재하기 때문에 가공과정 후에도 부산물에 다량 존재하여 각종 식이섬유 식품의 제조에 있어 유용하게 사용이 가능하다고 판단되었다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 열풍건조 한 사과박에서는 methanol 추출물에서 306.7 ㎍/ml로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었고, 발효주정에서 243.7 ㎍/ml을 나타내었다. 동결건조 한 사과박에서도 마찬가지로 methanol 추출물에서 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었으며 두 시료 모두 증류수 추출물에서 가장 낮은 함량을 나타내어 사과박에서의 페놀 화합물 추출을 위해서 증류수 보다 methanol이나 발효주정과 같은 알코올성 용매를 사용하는 것이 적합한 것으로 판단되었다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 열풍건조 한 사과박의 methanol 추출물에서 950.1 ㎍/ml, 동결건조 한 사과박의 methanol 추출물에서 925.0 ㎍/ml로 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 열풍건조 한 사과박의 DPPH radical 소거능은 methanol 추출물에서 73.3%로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었고, 발효주정 추출물에서는 59.4%의 결과값을 나타내었다. 동결건조 한 사과박에서도 methanol 추출물에서 76.1%, 발효주정 추출물에서 66.0%로 열풍건조 한 사과박에서와 비슷한 양상을 보였다. 양성대조구로 사용한 0.1 ㎍/ml ascorbic acid를 시료와 동일한 조건으로 측정하였을 때 79.6%로 본 실험의 methanol 추출물과 비슷한 활성을 나타내었다. ABTS radical 소거능은 두 시료 모두 methanol 추출물에서 열풍건조 한 사과박에서는 0.330 mM Torolox, 동결건조한 사과박에서는 0.314 mM Trolox에 해당하는 항산화능을 나타내어 세 가지 용매 중 가장 활성이 높게 나타났으며 DPPH radical 소거능에서와 마찬가지로 증류수 추출물에서 가장 낮은 활성을 나타내었다. 열풍건조 한 사과박과 동결건조 한 사과박의 환원력을 측정한 결과 다른 항산화능 측정 실험과는 달리 증류수 추출물에서도 발효주정추출물과 비슷한 환원력을 나타내었다. 또한 양성대조구로 사용한 0.1 ㎍/ml ascorbic acid는 311.5 ㎍/ml의 환원력을 나타내어 모든 실험군에서 양성대조구보다 더 강한 환원력을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. Ursolic acid는 항산화활성이 뛰어나고 중성지방 감소로 인한 체지방 분해효과가 있는 것으로 알려진 유기산으로 본 실험에서 증류수 추출물에서는 전혀 검출되지 않았으며 두 시료 모두 methanol 추출물에서 열풍건조 한 사과박은 1,753.32 ㎍/ml, 동결건조 한 사과박은 1,407.03 ㎍/ml로 발효주정 추출물에서 보다 더 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 열풍건조 한 사과박과 동결건조 한 사과박의 항산화활성을 비교하였을 때 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았고, 동결건조는 열풍건조에 비하여 에너지 소비가 많고 비용이 비싸기 때문에 열풍건조가 산업에 적용하기에 더 적합할 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 methanol 추출물에서 가장 높은 항산화활성을 나타내었지만, 발효주정 추출물에서도 높은 활성을 보여 화장품 소재 및 기능성 식품 소재로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.