• 제목/요약/키워드: AoA

검색결과 483건 처리시간 0.027초

다양한 OWL-DL 추론 엔진에서 대용량 ABox 추론에 대한 성능평가 (A Performance Analysis of Large ABox Reasoning in OWL-DL Reasoners)

  • 서은석;박영택
    • 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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    • 제34권7호
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    • pp.655-666
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    • 2007
  • RacerPro, Pellet 등 지금까지의 전혈적인 추론 시스템들은 주로 Tableaux Algorithm 기반의 추론 시스템으로 Tableaux Algorithm의 특성상 대용량 ABox 추론에서 문제점을 나타낸다. 이를 해결하기 위한 연구로 Tableaux Algorithm 기반에 DBMS를 함께 사용한 영국 Manchester 대학의 Instance Store와 Disjunctive Datalog Approach를 사용한 독일 Karlsruhe 대학의 KAON2가 있다. 현재 추론 시스템들에 대한 벤치마크 실험은 대부분 Tableaux Algorithm 기반의 TBox 추론 위주이며 ABox 추론에 대한 평가는 거의 진행되지 않았다. 특히 최근 이슈로 부각된 (대용량 ABox 추론을 위한 추론 시스템)의 특성별 벤치마크 실험은 거의 보고되지 않았다. 이에 본 논문에서는 각 추론엔진들의 이론적 배경을 근간으로 전형적 추론엔진들과 최근 이슈에 따른 대용량 ABox론 위한 추론엔진들을 상호 비교를 통해 살펴보며 특히, 대용량 ABox 처리론 위한 추론엔진인 Manchester 대학의 Instance Store와 Karlsruhe 대학의 KAON2를 LUBM을 통하여 분석 평가함으로 사용자의 요구에 따른 대용량 ABox 추론엔진을 제시한다. 평가방법에서는 LUBM(Lehigh University BenchMark)에 대한 소개와 이를 이용한 벤치마크 실험 방법 및 평가 시스템에 대하여 소개한다. 본 논문은 결론을 통해 실험 결과와 각 추론엔진의 사용 Algorithm 특성을 기초로 다양한 환경에서의 대용량 ABox 처리에 적합한 추론엔진을 제시한다.

Panax ginseng and its ginsenosides: potential candidates for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced side effects

  • Wan, Yan;Wang, Jing;Xu, Jin-feng;Tang, Fei;Chen, Lu;Tan, Yu-zhu;Rao, Chao-long;Ao, Hui;Peng, Cheng
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제45권6호
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    • pp.617-630
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    • 2021
  • Chemotherapy-induced side effects affect the quality of life and efficacy of treatment of cancer patients. Current approaches for treating the side effects of chemotherapy are poorly effective and may cause numerous harmful side effects. Therefore, developing new and effective drugs derived from natural nontoxic compounds for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced side effects is necessary. Experiments in vivo and in vitro indicate that Panax ginseng (PG) and its ginsenosides are undoubtedly non-toxic and effective options for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced side effects, such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and hematopoietic inhibition. The mechanism focus on anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis, as well as the modulation of signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), P62/keap1/Nrf2, c-jun Nterminal kinase (JNK)/P53/caspase 3, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4)/JNK, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT. Since a systemic review of the effect and mechanism of PG and its ginsenosides on chemotherapy-induced side effects has not yet been published, we provide a comprehensive summarization with this aim and shed light on the future research of PG.

Preparation and characterization of Mn doped copper nitride films with high photocurrent response

  • Yu, Aiai;Hu, Ruiyuan;Liu, Wei;Zhang, Rui;Zhang, Jian;Pu, Yong;Chu, Liang;Yang, Jianping;Li, Xing'ao
    • Current Applied Physics
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    • 제18권11호
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    • pp.1306-1312
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    • 2018
  • The Mn-doped copper nitride ($Cu_3N$) films with Mn concentration of 2.0 at. % have high crystallinity and uniform surface morphology. We found that the as-synthesized Mn-doped $Cu_3N$ films show suitable optical absorption in the visible region and the band gap is ~1.48 eV. A simple photodetector based on Mn doped $Cu_3N$ films was firstly fabricated via magnetron sputtering method. The fabricated device with doping of Mn demonstrated high photocurrent response and fast response shorter than 0.1 s both for rise and decay time superior to the pure $Cu_3N$. Furthermore, the energy levels of Mn-doped Cu3N matched well with ITO and Ag electrode. The excellent photoelectric properties reflect a good balance between sensitivities and response rate. Our investigation reveals the excellent potential of Mn-doped $Cu_3N$ films for application of photodetectors.

Effects of different culture systems on the culture of prepuberal buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) spermatogonial stem cell-like cells in vitro

  • Li, Ting-Ting;Geng, Shuang-Shuang;Xu, Hui-Yan;Luo, Ao-Lin;Zhao, Peng-Wei;Yang, Huan;Liang, Xing-Wei;Lu, Yang-Qing;Yang, Xiao-Gan;Lu, Ke-Huan
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.13.1-13.14
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    • 2020
  • Currently, the systems for culturing buffalo spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in vitro are varied, and their effects are still inconclusive. In this study, we compared the effects of culture systems with undefined (foetal bovine serum) and defined (KnockOut Serum Replacement) materials on the in vitro culture of buffalo SSC-like cells. Significantly more DDX4- and UCHL1-positive cells (cultured for 2 days at passage 2) were observed in the defined materials culture system than in the undefined materials system (p < 0.01), and these cells were maintained for a longer period than those in the culture system with undefined materials (10 days vs. 6 days). Furthermore, NANOS2 (p < 0.05), DDX4 (p < 0.01) and UCHL1 (p < 0.05) were expressed at significantly higher levels in the culture system with defined materials than in that with undefined materials. Induction with retinoic acid was used to verify that the cultured cells maintained SSC characteristics, revealing an SCP3+ subset in the cells cultured in the defined materials system. The expression levels of Stra8 (p < 0.05) and Rec8 (p < 0.01) were significantly increased, and the expression levels of ZBTB16 (p < 0.01) and DDX4 (p < 0.05) were significantly decreased. These findings provided a clearer research platform for exploring the mechanism of buffalo SSCs in vitro.

서울 상공의 최신 성층권 오전 변화 경향 (Updated Trends of Stratospheric Ozone over Seoul)

  • 김준;조회구;이윤곤;오성남;백선균
    • 대기
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.101-118
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    • 2005
  • Atmospheric ozone changes temporally and spatially according to both anthropogenic and natural causes. It is essential to quantify the natural contributions to total ozone variations for the estimation of trend caused by anthropogenic processes. The aims of this study are to understand the intrinsic natural variability of long-term total ozone changes and to estimate more reliable ozone trend caused by anthropogenic ozone-depleting materials. For doing that, long-term time series for Seoul of monthly total ozone which were measured from both ground-based Dobson Spectrophotometer (Beck #124)(1985-2004) and satellite TOMS (1979-1984) are analyzed for selected period, after dividing the whole period (1979~2004) into two periods; the former period (1979~1991) and the latter period (1992~2004). In this study, ozone trends for the time series are calculated using multiple regression models with explanatory natural oscillations for the Arctic Oscillation(AO), North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO), North Pacific Oscillation(NPO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO), Quasi Biennial Oscillation(QBO), Southern Oscillation(SO), and Solar Cycle(SC) including tropopause pressure(TROPP). Using the developed models, more reliable anthropogenic ozone trend is estimated than previous studies that considered only QBO and SC as natural oscillations (eg; WMO, 1999). The quasi-anthropogenic ozone trend in Seoul is estimated to -0.12 %/decade during the whole period, -2.39 %/decade during the former period, and +0.10 %/decade during the latter period, respectively. Consequently, the net forcing mechanism of the natural oscillations on the ozone variability might be noticeably different in two time intervals with positive forcing for the former period (1979-1991) and negative forcing for the latter period (1992-2004). These results are also found to be consistent with those analyzed from the data observed at ground stations (Sapporo, Tateno) of Japan. In addition, the recent trend analyses for Seoul show positive change-in-trend estimates of +0.75 %/decade since 1997 relative to negative trend of -1.49 %/decade existing prior to 1997, showing -0.74 %/decade for the recent 8-year period since 1997. Also, additional supporting evidence for a slowdown in ozone depletion in the upper stratosphere has been obtained by Newchurch et al.(2003).

연속 반응 시간 과제 수행의 행위 관찰과 운동 상상이 거울신경활성에 미치는 영향 (The effects of action observation and motor imagery of serial reaction time task(SRTT) in mirror neuron activation)

  • 이상열;이명희;배성수;이강성;공원태
    • 대한물리의학회지
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.395-404
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    • 2010
  • Purpose : The object of this study was to examine the effect of motor learning on brain activation depending on the method of motor learning. Methods : The brain activation was measured in 9 men by fMRI. The subjects were divided into the following groups depending on the method of motor learning: actually practice (AP, n=3) group, action observation (AO, n=3) group and motor imagery (MI, n=3) group. In order to examine the effect of motor learning depending on the method of motor learning, the brain activation data were measured during learning. For the investigation of brain activation, fMRI was conducted. Results : The results of brain activation measured before and during learning were as follows; (1) During learning, the AP group showed the activation in the following areas: primary motor area located in precentral gyrus, somatosensory area located in postcentral gyrus, supplemental motor area and prefrontal association area located in precentral gyrus, middle frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus, speech area located in superior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, Broca's area located in inferior parietal lobe and somatosensory association area of precuneus; (2) During learning, the AD groups showed the activation in the following areas: primary motor area located in precentral gyrus, prefrontal association area located in middle frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus, speech area and supplemental motor area located in superior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, Broca's area located in inferior parietal lobe, somatosensory area and primary motor area located in precentral gyrus of right cerebrum and left cerebrum, and somatosensory association area located in precuneus; and (3) During learning, the MI group showed activation in the following areas: speech area located in superior temporal gyrus, supplemental area, and somatosensory association area located in precuneus. Conclusion : Given the results above, in this study, the action observation was suggested as an alternative to motor learning through actual practice in serial reaction time task of motor learning. It showed the similar results to the actual practice in brain activation which were obtained using activation of mirror neuron. This result suggests that the brain activation occurred by the activation of mirror neuron, which was observed during action observation. The mirror neurons are located in primary motor area, somatosensory area, premotor area, supplemental motor area and somatosensory association area. In sum, when we plan a training program through physiotherapy to increase the effect during reeducation of movement, the action observation as well as best resting is necessary in increasing the effect of motor learning with the patients who cannot be engaged in actual practice.

Evaluation of Dietary Supplementation of Delta-aminolevulinic Acid and Chito-oligosaccharide on Production Performance, Egg Quality and Hematological Characteristics in Laying Hens

  • Yan, L.;Lee, J.H.;Meng, Q.W.;Ao, X.;Kim, I.H.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제23권8호
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    • pp.1028-1033
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    • 2010
  • The effects of delta-aminolevulinic acid (DALA) or chito-oligosaccharide (COS) in layer diets on production performance, egg quality and hematological characteristics were investigated in this 8-week trial. Two hundred and seventy 27-week-old (Hy-Line brown) layers were randomly assigned to 5 treatments with 9 replications per treatment. Dietary treatments were i) Control (basal diet); ii) DALA1 (basal diet+DALA 2 mg/kg); iii) DALA2 (basal diet+DALA 4 mg/kg); iv) COS1 (basal diet+COS 100 mg/kg) and v) COS2 (basal diet+COS 200 mg/kg). In this study, no significant difference was observed in feed intake and egg shell quality (eggshell breaking strength and egg shell thickness) among treatments. The inclusion of DALA increased egg production during the first 4 weeks. Egg weight was increased in both DALA (quadratic, p<0.05) and COS (linear, p<0.05) treatments compared with the control treatment. Laying hens fed the DALA treatment had an increased yolk color unit (quadratic, p<0.05) and haugh unit (linear, p<0.05) compared with the control group. Similarly, these characteristics were also affected by COS treatments, with both values being linearly increased (p<0.05) in COS treatments compared with the control treatment. Additionally, birds fed DALA treatments significantly increased (quadratic, p<0.05) the number of RBC, WBC and lymphocytes compared with the control treatment. Dietary DALA supplementation linearly increased (p<0.05) the serum iron concentration at the end of the 8th week. The inclusion of COS increased (linear, p<0.05) the concentration of RBC, WBC and lymphocytes compared with the control treatment. In conclusion, dietary DALA at the lower dosage (2 mg/kg) could exert better effects in laying hens than higher dosage (4 mg/kg). Birds fed DALA supplemented diet had an increased iron availability, egg weight, eggshell quality and immunity. Moreover, the inclusion of COS (200 mg/kg) can increase egg weight, eggshell quality and immunity in laying hens. Therefore, both the utilization of COS and DALA could be considered as a new strategy for optimizing egg quality and health condition of laying hens.

칡추출물이 알코올을 급여한 흰쥐의 뇌조직에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Puerariae thubergiana Bentham Extract on Brain Tissue in Alcohol-Treated Rats)

  • 김명주;조수열
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.669-675
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    • 2000
  • 칡추출물이 알코올성 뇌손상에 미치는 영향 을 구명하기 위해 알코올을 투여한 흰쥐에게 갈화와 갈근을 수준별 (I;1.2 g/kg B.W., II;2.4 g/kg B.W.) 로 5주간 급여한 후 \ulcorner 열수추출물이 알코올 대사와 유리기 생성 및 제거효소 활성에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. ADH 활성응ㄴ 갈화 및 갈근추출물 급여시 에탄올만 투 여한 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 감소한 반면, ALDH 활성은 갈근추출물 급여군에서 유의 적으로 증가하였는데 1수준군의 증가정도가 현저하였다. P450 함량과 AD, AH 활성은 대조 군에 비하여 칡 열수추출물 급여시 감소되는 경향이었는데 갈근 급여군의 감소효과가 현저 하게 나타났다. AO와 XO 활성은 갈화 및 갈근추출물 급여군이 대조군에 비하여 감소되었 는데 특히 갈근추출물 1수준군에서 현저하게 나타났다. SOD 활성은 칡 열수추출물 급여시 증가하였으며 CAT와 GSH-Px 활성은 에탄올 투여로 증가된 활성이 갈근 열수추출믈 I 수 준 급여시 유의적으로 증가되었다. 이상의 결과에서 갈화 및 갈근 열수추출물 급여는 뇌조 직 중의 에탄올 대사효소계의 활성을 촉진시켰으며, 유리기제거 효소의 활성을 억제하고 항 산화효소계를 활성화하여 에탄올 투여에 인한 뇌조직의 산화적 스트레스를 완화시킬 수 있 을 것으로 사료된다.

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갑상선 암 환자에서 $^{131}I$ 치료시 MIRD Schema에 의한 흡수선량의 평가 (Absorbed Dose Measurement by the MIRD System in the $^{131}I$ Treated Thyroid Cancer Patients)

  • 임상무;우광선;정위섭;홍성운;김장휘;김기섭
    • 대한핵의학회지
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.54-60
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    • 1995
  • 방사성 핵종의 체내 투여 또는 체내 오염에 의한 내부피폭 흡수선량 측정을 위하여 개발된 MIRD 씨스템을 이용하여 175mCi $^{131}I$ 치료를 받는 8명의 분화된 갑상선암의 주변림프절 전이 환자에서 전신, 위, 신장, 방광 및 골수 등의 흡수선랑을 측정하였다. 전리함 검출기와 자료저장 장치가 부착된 Eberline Smart 200 씨스템을 이용하여 전신 $^{131}I$의 시간 방사능 곡선을 얻었고, 선형 회귀분석을 하여 곡선하면적을 구한 값을 투여 방사능량(Ao)으로 나누어 체류시간($\tau$)으로 하였다. MIRDose2의 S값을 이용하여 전신흡수선량을 구하였으며 ICRP publication 53의 표준인 신장, 방광, 위의 체류시간을 이용하여, 이들 장기의 흡수선량을 구하였다. 전신 및 골수의 흡수선량은 22.4 및 25.4rad로 ICRP 최대허용선량보다 훨씬 낮았으며, 방광에 375.1, 위에 285.1rad로 심각한 증상을 초래할 정도의 선량은 아니었다. 분화된 갑상선암의 폐 및 뼈전이 환자에서 200mCi 이상 투여방사능량을 증가시킬 경우 이 방법으로 전신 및 골수 등의 흡수 선량을 평가하여 안전성을 확인할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

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경추부의 후관절 나사못 고정술에서 단피질삽입법과 양피질 삽입법 간의 특성에 관한 비교 (Comparisons of Unicortical and Bicortical Lateral Mass Screws in the Cervical Spine : Safety vs Strength)

  • 박춘근;황장회;지철;이재언;성재훈;최승진;이상원;;박성찬;조경석;박춘근;강준기
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제30권10호
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    • pp.1210-1219
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    • 2001
  • 서 론 : 후방 경유 경추 융합을 위한 후관절 금속판 고정술은 외상성 및 퇴행성 불안정성의 치료에 효과적인 방법이다. 후관절 금속판 고정의 안정성은 여러 가지 인자에 의해 결정된다. 이중 하나가 나사못의 삽입깊이이다. 이 방법이 처음 소개될 때에는 양피질골성 삽입이 이용되었다. 외과의사의 관심은 어떻게 안전하면서 생역학적으로 강력한 고정을 얻느냐에 있다. 목 적 : 이 연구의 목적은 사체에서 단피질성과 양피질성 나사못 삽입술을 시행한 후 안전성, pull-out 강도, 방사선학적 특성을 분석하고 나사못의 삽입에 대한 교육 훈련의 수준에 따른 영향을 평가하는데 있다. 방 법 : 평균 나이 78.9세인 21구의 사체에 대하여, Magerl의 기술을 변형하여 C3-C6(n=168)까지 3.5mm AO 나사못을 양쪽 후관절에 삽입하였다. 수술중 방사선 사진영상은 사용되지 않았다. 오른 쪽(단피질성 삽입)은 14mm 나사못(11mm의 유효 길이)을 이용하고, 왼쪽은 양피질성 삽입을 시도하였다. 각 사체는 3개의 군으로 나누어 척추 수술 수련의 수준이 다른 받은 3명의 척추 외과 의사들(전임 강사, 임상 강사, 수석 레지던트)이 수술을 시행했다. 수술 후 경추를 떼어내어 나사못의 위치를 육안적으로 확인하고 방사선학적으로 안정성과 삽입 위치 (1,2,3)를 평가하였다. 척수, 후관절, 신경근과 척추 동맥에 대한 나사못의 위치를"만족할 만한","위험한", 그리고"직접적인 손상"으로 구분하였다. material testing machine을 이용하여 모든 나사못에 대해서 Pull-out 강도를 측정하였다. 결 과 : 대다수의 나사못(92.9%)은 만족할 만한 상태였다. 전예에서 척수에 대한 위험성은 없다. 오른 편(단피질성 : 14mm) 나사못의 98.9%는"만족할 만한"에 속했다. 그리고 왼쪽 편(양피질성)의 68.1%는"만족할 만한"에 속했다. 양피질성 나사못 군에서 5.8%의 척추 동맥에 대한 직접적인 손상이 있었고 신경근의 직접적인 손상 발생율은 17.4%였다. 반면에 단피질성 나사못 군에서는 이들에 대한 직접적인 손상은 없었다. 양피질성 나사못에서 보인"직접 손상"의 거의 대부분은 외과 의사의 경험 부족으로 발생하였다. 나사못의 안정성과 삽입 위치 사이에는 특별한 관련이 없었다. 모든 나사못의 pull-out 강도는 $542.0{\pm}296.6N$였다. 단피질성에 있어서의 pull-out 강도($519.0{\pm}289.9N$)와 양피질성($565.2{\pm}306N$) 나사못에는 아무런 통계학적으로 의미있는 차이점을 발견할 수 없었다(p>0.05). 나사못 삽입위치와 pull-out 강도 사이에는 의미있는 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 이번 연구는 경추 후관절 나사못 고정술시 단피질성과 양피질성 나사못의 안정성과 효능을 집중적으로 알아보았다. 명백한 것은 14mm의 나사못(효과적인 길이는 11mm)이 보다 긴 양피질성 나사못 보다 손상의 위험이 훨씬 낮고 거의 동등한 pull-out강도를 갖는다는 것이다. 또한, 수술시 방사선 영상을 사용할 수 없을 때, 훈련과 축적된 경험에 의해 나사못 삽입의 정확성과 안전성이 향상될 수 있다.

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