• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.629-636
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• 2019

Objective: This study was designed to assess the correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms, depression, and anxiety in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Method: New patients who visited the ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Oriental Hospital completed standardized questionnaires. These consisted of questionnaires for IBS based on Rome III criteria, the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results: A total of 103 patients participated. Among them, IBS was observed in 42 patients. There was a weak correlation between GSRS and BDI, but it was not statistically significant. There was a statistically significant weak correlation between GSRS and BAI. The main symptom factors affecting BAI were borborygmus, increased flatus, sucking sensations in the epigastrium, and abdominal distension. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms and anxiety in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.63-73
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of social anxiety among late School-aged Children and identify factors influencing the tendency to social anxiety. A self-report survey was conducted with primary school children who were in the 6th grades. Two hundred and seventy eight children were included in the study. The instruments utilized in this study were SASCA-K (Korean Social Anxiety Scale for children and adolescents), SES(Self-esteem Scale), CAPS(Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale), DSRS-C(Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children), and IPPA-R(Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Revised version). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and multiple regression with SPSS WIN 23.0 program. Social anxiety for the schoolchildren was positively correlated with perfectionism and depression, whereas self-esteem and attachment security was negatively correlated with social anxiety. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that 38.0% of the variance for social anxiety was significantly accounted for by self-esteem, self-oriented perfectionism, depression, attachment security (Father-communication). The most significant factor influencing social anxiety was self-esteem. Findings suggest that expanding health education, counseling and school-based health education programs is necessary to prevent and intervention mental problems of late School-aged Children through integrated intervention by schools, families and communities.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2001

This study was designed and undertaken to identify objectively the degree and relationship of anxiety, depression which are chief essential elements of emotional status in Stroke medical examination patients. The subjects in this study were 58 Stroke medical examination patients and 58 Non-Stroke medical examination patients, and for the assessment of anxiety, depression. We used State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS). The results of this study are as follows : 1. There were significant, differences in the 16 items of State anxiety scale among 20 items and the 14 items of Trait anxiety scale among 20 items between Stroke medical examination patients and the control group(p<0.05 respectively). 2. There were significant differences in the 14 items of SDS among 20 items between Stroke medical examination patients and the control group(p<0.05 respectively). 3. There were significant differences in the mean scores of STAI and SDS between Stroke medical examination patients and the control group(p<0.001 respectively). 4. There were no significant relationships between State anxiety & Trait anxiety, State anxiety & Depression, Trait anxiety & Depression in the Stroke medical examination patients.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-68
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to systematically review thread-embedding treatment studies for depression, anxiety, and dementia and examine the effectiveness and safety of thread-embedding treatment. Methods: Ten domestic and international search databases were used for study selection, including CNKI, PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, PsycArticles, RISS, OASIS, and KCI. We included studies that presented diagnostic or appropriate criteria for depression, anxiety, and dementia, and randomized control studies using thread-embedding therapy. We searched papers published until October 10, 2023. Results: Twenty-one studies were selected, of which 11 studies were conducted on depression, nine on dementia, and one on anxiety disorders. The most commonly used acupoint for depression was Gansu (BL18), whereas zusanli (ST36) and fenglong (ST40) were used for dementia. The most commonly used type of thread was 1-0 United States pharmacopeia (USP) and 1 cm for depression and 2-0 USP and 1 cm for dementia. The treatment period for most of the studies was once every 2 weeks and for 8 weeks. Among the included studies, 17 showed significant improvements in depression scales, such as Hamilton depression rating scale and Self rating depression scale, activities of daily living scales, and cognitive function scales, such as Hasegawa dementia scale and Mini-mental state examination. Six studies reported adverse events, and no studies reported significant adverse events. Two studies reported follow-ups. Conclusions: This study presents limited evidence for the effectiveness and safety of thread-embedding therapy for depression, anxiety, and dementia. Well-designed studies are needed to review the clinical efficacy and safety of thread-embedding therapy in the future.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 1998

Objectives: This research was performed to know severity of depression and anxiety, the psychopathology of hemodialysis patients and kidney transplantation patients using Minneesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI) and Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Zung's Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS), MMPI Subscales. Methods: We surveyed 31 hemodialysis patients and 119 kidney transplantation patients. 119 kidney transplantation group(KT) was investigated at ; 1) Before kidney transplantation (KT-1), 2) Three days after kidney transplantation(KT-2), 3) Three weeks after kidney transplantation(KT-3),4) Follow up at OPD(F/U). Results: 1) According to dermographic data, mean age was KT 33.1, HD 42.2, Control 33.1 years old and KT, HD were belonged to lower economic states and lower educational level than Control. 2) In the depression scale for SDS, KT-1 was more depressed than F/U and Control but depression scale was significantly decreased at KT-2 in comparison with HD. In the anxiety scale for SAS, KT-1 was more anxious than Control but anxiety scale was not different within IT subgroups and in comparison with HD. 3) In comparison of MMPI scales, Hs, D, Pt, Ma at KT-1, Pd, Pa, Pt, Ma at KT-2, F, D, Pd, Pt, Pa, Sc, Ma at KT-3, Pt at F/U were more high scores than Control.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.219-228
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• 1982

This study aimed at assessing the industrial workers' mental health status and identifing the relationship between mental health status and socio-demographic variables. We administered psychiatric self report rating scale (SCL-90)to 622 manual workers and 191 office workers in a textile .industry. The study began on 1 November, 1981 and lasted for 30 days The results were as follow: 1. Scores of symptom dimension were higher in female rather than male, younger than older, lower income group than higher one, lower educated group than higher one, manual workers than office workers and unmarried group than married one respectively. 2. The result of dimension scores of total samples showed that the score of Obsessive-compulsive scale was highest. The rest symptom dimension showed the order as follows: Interpersonal sensitivity, Depression, Hostility, Anxiety, Paranoid ideation, Somatization, Psychoticism and Phobic anxiety. 3. In order to identify the partial contribution of each socio-demographic variables on the mental health, multiple regression method was applied, and the result was as follows. 1) Sex was the most important one to explain the Somatization, Phobic-anxiety and Psychoticism scales among the 7 variables in the multiple regression equation. 2) Economic status was the most important variable to explein the Obsessive-compulsive, Depression and Hostility scales. 3) Marital status was the most important variable to explain the Interpersonal-sensitivity and Paranoid ideation scales.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2024

Background: The pain caused by local anesthetic injection can lead to patient anxiety prior to surgery, potentially necessitating sedation or general anesthesia during the excision procedure. In this study, we aim to compare the pain relief efficacy and safety of using a digital automatic anesthetic injector for local anesthesia. Methods: Thirty-three patients undergoing excision of a benign soft tissue tumor under local anesthesia were prospectively enrolled from September 2021 to February 2022. A single-blind, randomized controlled study was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups by randomization: the experimental group with digital automatic anesthetic injector method (I-JECT group) and the control group with conventional injection method. Before surgery, the Amsterdam preoperative anxiety information scale was used to measure the patients' anxiety. After local anesthetic was administered, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale was used to measure the pain. The amount of anesthetic used was divided by the surface area of the lesion was recorded. Results: Seventeen were assigned to the conventional group and 16 to the I-JECT group. The mean Numeric Pain Rating Scale was 1.75 in the I-JECT group and 3.82 in conventional group. The injection pain was lower in the I-JECT group (p< 0.01). The mean Amsterdam preoperative anxiety information scale was 11.00 in the I-JECT group and 9.65 in conventional group. Patient's anxiety did not correlate to injection pain regardless of the method of injection (p= 0.47). The amount of local anesthetic used per 1 cm² of tumor surface area was 0.74 mL/cm² in the I-JECT group and 2.31 mL/cm² in the conventional group. The normalization amount of local anesthetic was less in the I-JECT group (p< 0.01). There was no difference in the incidence of complications. Conclusion: The use of a digital automatic anesthetic injector has shown to reduce pain and the amount of local anesthetics without complication.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.97-109
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• 1998

This study was designed and undertaken to identify objectively the degree and relationship of anxiety, depression, & anger which are chief essential elements of emotional status in Hwabyung patients.The subjects in this study were 35 Hwabyung patients and 40 Non-Hwabyung persons, and for the assessment of anxiety, depression, & anger. We used Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS), Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) & State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory(STAXI).The results of this study are as follows:1. There were significant differences in the 18 items of SAS among 20 items between Hwabyung patients and the control group(p＜0.05 respectively).2. There were significant differences in the 13 items of SDS among 20 items between Hwabyung patients and the control group(p＜0.05 respectively).3. There were significant differences in the mean scores of SAS and SDS between Hwabyung patients and the control group(p＜0.001 respectively).4. There were significant differences in the mean scores of State Anger, Trait Anger, Trait Anger/Temperament, Anger-in & Anger-out counted by STAXI between Hwabyung patients and the control group (p＜0.001, p＜0.01, p＜0.001, p＜0.001, p＜0.05 respectively).5. There were significant relationships between State Anger & Anxiety, Anger-out & Trait Anger/Temperament, Depression & Anxiety(r=.43, r=.37, r=.64).

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.277-288
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• 2019

Background: This study evaluated the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) distraction and counter-stimulation (CS) on dental anxiety and pain perception to local anesthesia in children. Methods: A prospective, randomized, single-blinded interventional clinical trial with a parallel design was used. Seventy children 7-11 years old who required local anesthesia (LA) for pulp therapy or tooth extraction were recruited and allocated to two groups with equal distribution based on the intervention. Group CS (n = 35) received CS and Group VR (n = 35) received VR distraction with ANTVR glasses. Anxiety levels (using pulse rate) were evaluated before, during, and after administration of local anesthesia, while pain perception was assessed immediately after the injection. Wong-Baker faces pain-rating scale (WBFPS), visual analog scale (VAS), and Venham's clinical anxiety rating scale (VCARS) were used for pain evaluation. Student's t-test was used to test the mean difference between groups, and repeated measures ANOVA was used to test the mean difference of pulse rates. Results: Significant differences in mean pulse rates were observed in both groups, while children in the VR group had a higher reduction (P < 0.05), and the mean VCARS scores were significant in the VR group (P < 0.05). Mean WBFPS scores showed less pain perception to LA needle prick in the CS group while the same change was observed in the VR group with VAS scores. Conclusions: VR distraction is better than CS for reducing anxiety to injection in children undergoing extraction and pulpectomy.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.345-355
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• 2021

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of external vibrating devices and counterstimulation on a child's dental anxiety, apprehension, and pain perception during local anesthetic administration. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, parallel-arm, single-blinded interventional, clinical trial. One hundred children aged 4-11 years, requiring pulp therapy or extraction under local anesthesia (LA), were recruited and allocated equally into two groups (1:1) based on the interventions used: Group BD (n = 50) received vibration using a Buzzy^® device {MMJ Labs, Atlanta, GE, USA} as a behavior guidance technique; Group CS (n = 50) received counterstimulation for the same technique. Anxiety levels [Venham's Clinical Anxiety Rating Scale (VCARS), Venham Picture Test (VPT), Pulse oximeter {Gibson, Fingertip Pulse Oximeter}, Beijing, China)] were assessed before, during, and after LA administration, while pain perception [Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)] was evaluated immediately after injection. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test to assess the mean difference between the two groups and the repeated measures ANOVA for testing the mean difference in the pulse rates. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Significant differences in mean pulse rate values were observed in both groups. In contrast, the children in the BD group had higher diminution (P < 0.05), whereas the mean VCARS and VPT scores were conspicuous (P < 0.05). Based on the mean WBFPS and VAS scores, delayed pain perception after LA injection was more prominent in the BD group than in the CS group. Conclusion: External vibration using a Buzzy^® device is comparatively better than counterstimulation in alleviating needle-associated anxiety in children requiring extraction and pulpectomy.