• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.56-73
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• 2002

Objective : We need to develop a new treatment method which can curve cancer growth and enhance immunity of patients with various kinds of cancer more safely and effectively, for conventional anticancer treatment has lots of problems to be overcomed, in other words, Its efficacy can be recognizible but it doesn't actually give aid to patients due to its side effects. This study was taken up to evaluate the anticancer and immune-enhancing effect of Scutellariae Barbatae Herba, Alli bulbus, Oldenlandiae Herba(SAO) Herbal acupuncture. Methods : SAO Herbal acupuncture solution was made from Scutellariae Barbatae Herba, Alli bulbus, Oldenlandiae Herba by decoction. Experimental group was divided into normal(N), control(TC, cancer group induced by S 180), high and low concentration SAO complex Herbal acupuncture group. In the high and low concentration SAO complex Herbal acupuncture group, SAO Herbal acupuncture solution was injected, on the left and right Chok-samni(足三里, ST36) of ICR-male S 180 rats alternatively, by 200mg/kg and 100mg/kg respectively. In vitro, S 180 was cultured with $200{\mu}g$ and $500{\mu}g$ of SAO Herbal acupuncture solution. In each experimental group, we examined the effect of SAO complex Herbal acupuncture on body weight, antitumor, organ weight, activity of macrophage, activity of B cell, spleen cell division, IL-2 production and population of lymphocytes. Results : 1. In Body weight, no significant change was shown, but In solid cancer weight, the high concentration SAO complex Herbal acupuncture group showed signigicant(P<0.05) decrease and significant(P<0.05) increase in the weight of kidney, compared with control group. 2. In activity of macrophage, low concentration SAO complex Herbal acupuncture group showed significant(P<0.01) increase, but in vitro, there was no significant increase, compared with control group. 3. In activity of B cell, high and low concentration SAO complex Herbal acupuncture group showed no significant decrease, but in vitro, low concentration SAO complex Herbal acupuncture group showed significant(P<0.01) increase, compared with control group. 4. In spleen cell division, high and low concentration SAO complex Herbal acupuncture group had no significant influence on spleen cell division induced by Co A, meanwhile, it was found that macrophge promote spleen cell division in low concentration SAO complex Herbal acupuncture group(P<0.05), compared with control group. 5. In IL-2 production, high concentration SAO complex Herbal acupuncture group showed significant((P<0.05) increase, compared with control group. 6. In population of lymphocytes, high concentration SAO complex Herbal acupuncture group showed significant increase of CD3+(P<0.05), CD4+(P<0.05), CD3+ and CD4+ T cell(P<0.01) and B cell(P<0.05), while low concentration SAO complex Herbal acupuncture group showed significant increase of CD4+(P<0.05), CD8+ T cell(P<0.05) and B cell(P<0.01), compared with control group. Conclusion : SAO Herbal acupuncture inhibited cancer growth and enhanced immunity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1439-1444
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• 2004

Antitumor activities of onion methanol extract (OME) and onion Kimchi methanol extract (OKME) were investigated by using aflatoxin $B_1$-mediated Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity and the model of cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines. Their immune activities were also investigated by using mouse spleen cells and macrophage cell lines, respectively. OME and OKME showed the enhanced antimutagenicity in a dose-dependent manner in particular, the activity of OKME was higher than that of OME. OME and OKME decreased over 20% of the proliferation of the A549 (lung cancer cell) and MCF-7 (breast cancer cell) cell lines when compared with the control at 1,000 ${\mu}$g/mL. The proliferation of mouse spleen cells and the NO production in marcrophage cell lines treated OME and OKME were increased in a dose-dependent manner compared with untreated control cells, and their activities of OKME were higher than those of OME.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.13-30
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• 1998

Geraniol (1), olivetol (2), cannabinoids (3 and 4) and 5-fluorou.a.il (5). were tested for their growth inhibitory effects against SK-MEL-3 cell lines using two different 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and sulforhodamine B protein (SRB) assay. These compounds showed inhibitory activity in vitro in the micromolar range against SK-MEL-3 cell lines. In general, the antitumor activity of these compounds (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) was in a dose-dependent over the micromolar concentration range $1\;to\;100{\mu}M$. The comparison of $IC_{50}$ values of these compounds in tumor cell lines shows that their susceptibility to these compounds decrease in the following order : OLVTL > CBG > CBD > 5-FU > CRNL in MTT assay, CBG > OLVTL > CBD > GRNL > 5-FU in SRB assay. Cannabinoids (3 and 4) and 5-fluorouracil (5) were tested for their cytotoxic effects on NIH 373 fibroblasts using two different MTT assay and SRB assay. These compounds exhibited potent cytotoxic activities in vitro in the micromolar range against NIH 373 fibroblasts. In general, the cytotoxic activities of these compounds (3, 4 and 5) were in a dose-dependent over the micromolar concentration range $1\;to\;100{\mu}M$. The comparison of $CD_{50}$ values of these compounds on NIH 373 fibroblasts shows that their susceptibility to these compounds decrease on the following order ; CBD > 5-FU > CBG in MTT assay and SRB assay. Cannabigerol (3) was shown the least cytotoxic activity on NIH 373 fibroblasts. Cannabigerol (3) exhibited the most growth-inhibitory activity against SK-MEL-3 cell lines.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.452-457
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• 2002

Galla Rhois is a gallnut of Rhus javanica Linne used for treatment of diarrhea, hemorrhage, cough, leukorrhea and toxic tumor etc in oriental medicine. For the evaluation of antitumor effect of Galla Rhois, activity based fractionation was done. We isolated an effective compound and identified 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose(PGG) by photometric analysis such as NMR and MASS. Then, we studied the angiogenic activity of PGG. It showed a cytotoxicity against SK-OV-3, SK-OV-3, HT1080 with IC/sub 50/ of 50 ug/ml approximately. It also effectively inhibited proliferation of HUVEC cells treated by bFGF to 30% of control at 20 ug/ml and cell migration to 80% at 10 ug in a dose dependent fashion. Tube formation of HUVEC cells on matrigel was effectively suppressed from 2.5 ug/ml of concentration by PGG. Moreover, it effectively recovered the dysfunction of gap junctional intercellular communication in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells caused by hydrogen peroxide at 4 ug/ml suggesting it potently can inhibit tumor promotion. Taken together, it indicates 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl- β -D-glucose has antiangiogenic activity.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.36-44
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• 2000

The polysaccharide fractions were isolated and purified from Phellodendron chinese SCHNEID, and antitumor activities using the melanoma B-16-derived metastatic tumors were examined at dosages of 2, 5 and 10 mg/100 g. F-7 and F-8 showed the highest tumor metastatic inhibitory activities (inhibition ratio 60 and 80% in 2 mg/100 g), and in dose of 5 mg/100 g, the inhibitory ratios were 85 and 70%, respectively. Furthermore, 10 mg/100 g of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection gave 90 and 95% of inhibition. When the effects of polysaccharides on hypersensitivity were examined, the inhibitory activities were not markedly observed in oral administration, indicating that the polysaccharides are directly acting to immune system. Also, the polysaccharides increased the number of circulating blood leukocytes and total peritoneal exudate cells. Although implantation of tumor cells greatly decreased the productivity of antibody (antibody-mediated) and T lymphocyte reactivity (delayed-type) as 6.3 from 9.3 and 5.9 from 7.7, represented by the increase of footpad thickness, respectively. the polysaccharides elevated the reactivity of T lymphocyte in tumor-bearing mice, which were rapidly recovered by discontinuance of sample treatments. Especially, F-2, F-5, F-7 and F-8 remarkably recovered the decreased sensitivity. These results clearly indicated that the i.p. injection is much effective to suppress tumor growth than oral administration.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.3901-3906
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• 2014

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate anti-tumor effects and safety of DH332, a new ${\beta}$-carboline alkaloids derivatives in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods: The effects of DH332 on human (RAMOS RA.1) and mouse (J558) B lymphoma cell lines were detected using a CCK-8 kit (Cell Counting Kit-8), and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry with PI/annexinV staining. Western blotting was used to detected caspase-3 and caspase-8. Neurotoxic and anti-tumor effects were evaluated in animal experiments. Results: DH332 exerts a lower neurotoxicity compared with harmine. It also possesses strong antitumor effects against two B cell lymphoma cell lines with low $IC_{50s}$. Moreover, DH332 could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of RAMOS RA.1 and J558 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that DH332 triggers apoptosis by mainly activating the caspase signaling pathway. In vivo studies of tumor-bearing BALB/c mice showed that DH332 significantly inhibited growth of J558 xenograft tumors. Conclusions: DH332 exerts effective antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo, and has the potential to be a promising drug candidate for lymphoma therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.334-339
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• 1993

Antitumor activities of tannin extract and chloroform fraction extract from the persimmon leaves, and 2, 4-decadienal identified as an antimutagenic compound in persimmon leaves were examined in sarcoma 180 implanted tumor in mice by using both light and transmission electron microscopes. Among them, tannin extracted from the persimmon leaves delayed the progression of malignant tumor but the other two did not show any noticeable effect. The antitumorigenic activity of tannin extract might not come from the selective cytotoxicity against tumor cells, but might be, in an anaerobic environment, from the inhibitory action against oncogenic protein synthesis or from the proteolysis of the preformed oncogenic proteins by autophagocytic granules. therefore, the tannin from persimmon leaves might protect cells from fast progression of malignant tumorigensis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.2 s.75
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• pp.282-288
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• 2006

Activity-guided fractionations led to the isolation of antitumor compound, ergosterol peroxide ($5{\alpha},\;8{\alpha}-epideoxy-24(R)-methylcholesta-6,\;22-dien-3{\beta}-ol$) from the fruiting body of Pleuratus eryngii that was cultivated artificially. This sterol structure was established by using spectroscopic methods ($^1H\;and\;^{13}C$ nuclear magnetic resonance and high resolution mass spectra). The purified compound showed a molecular formular of $C_{28}H_{44}O_3$ displaying characteristic features of epidioxy sterols. The 50% inhibitory concentrations ($IC_{50}$) of ergosterol peroxide against human lung cancer cell line (A549) and human ovarian cell line (SK-OV3) were $7{\mu}M\;and\;14{\mu}M$, respectively. In the DNA fragmentation assay, the compound showed the programmed cell death causing the chromosomal DNA fragmentation. It reveals that ergosterol peroxide arrests G1 phase of the cell division cycle.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.269-278
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• 2019

Objectives: Naesohwangryeon-tang (NHT) is a type of traditional herbal formula, however, little is known about its antitumor activity. In this study, the antitumor properties of NHT was evaluated in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Methods: To check the inhibitory effect of NHT, MTT assay was performed. Cell cycle analysis and detection of ROS production were conducted by flow cytometry. To evaluate the signaling pathway, Western blotting was conducted. Results: Our results showed that the decrease of cell proliferation by NHT stimulation occurred more significantly in A549 cells than in NCI-H460 cells. In addition, NHT-induced apoptosis was associated with the activation of caspases and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). NHT-induced apoptosis was attenuated after pretreatments with z-VAD-fmk or N-acetylcysteine, suggesting that NHT-induced apoptosis was caspaseand ROS-dependent. Interestingly, NHT treatment led to the development of autophagic vesicular organelles and upregulation of several autophagy-related genes. The pretreatment of bafilomycin A1 decreased apoptosis slightly but increased cell viability in the presence of NHT. Conclusion: These findings indicated that NHT induces both apoptosis and cell-protective autophagy in human lung cancer cells. This data suggests that NHT might be a novel herbal drug for lung cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2439-2445
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• 2014

Cryptotanshinone (CPT), is a quinoid diterpene isolated from the root of the Asian medicinal plant, Salvia miotiorrhiza bunge. Numerous researchers have found that it could work as a potent antitumor agent to inhibit tumor growth in vitro, buith there has been much less emphasis on its in vivo role against breast tumors. Using a mouse tumor model of MCF7 cells, we showed that CPT strongly inhibited MCF7 cell growth in vivo with polarization of immune reactions toward Th1-type responses, stimulation of naive CD4+ T cell proliferation, and also increased IFN-${\gamma}$ and perforin production of CD4+ T cells in response to tumor-activated splenocytes. Furthermore, data revealed that the cytotoxic activity of CD4+ T cells induced by CPT was markedly abrogated by concanamycin A(CMA), a perforin inhibitor, but not IFN-${\gamma}$ Ab. On the other hand, after depletion of CD4+ T cells or blocked perforin with CMA in a tumor-bearing model, CPT could not effectively suppress tumor growth, but this phenomenon could be reversed by injecting naive CD4+ T cells. Thus, our results suggested that CPT mainly inhibited breast tumor growth through inducing cytotoxic CD4+ T cells to secrete perforin. We further found that CPT enhanced perforin production of CD4+ T cells by up-regulating JAK2 and STAT4 phosphorylation. These findings suggest a novel potential therapeutic role for CPT in tumor therapy, and demonstrate that CPT performs its antitumor functions through cytotoxic CD4+ T cells.