• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2011

Physiological characteristics of brown rice and black rice were investigated to provide the fundamental information of physiological property of rice and to show the potential of rice as a functional ingredient. Bioactive compounds were extracted from brown and black rices with aqueous solvents like 80% ethanol. Total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidative capacity of brown and black rices' extracts were determined. Brown rice showed much higher amount of total phenolics and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidative capacity than those of milled rice indicating that most of bioactive compounds are located in the bran layer. Black rice showed higher total phenolics and flavonoid contents and antioxidative capacity than those of brown rices. The highest antioxidative capacity was obtained from Heugjinju followed by Heugseol, Sinnongheug-chal, Hopum and Samkwang. This result indicated that antioxidative capacity is affected by total phenolics and flavonoid contents. Both brown and black rices contained higher amount of ferulic acid than that of p-coumaric acid.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.536-544
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• 2004

To evaluate the antioxidative effect of maengjong-juk (Phyllostachys pubescens) extract coated rice in vivo system, maengjong-juk extract coated rice diets were fed to C57BL/6 mice for 16 weeks. Plasma total antioxidative capacity, hepatic lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, activities of antioxidative enzymes and total glutathione content were measured. Plasma total antioxidative capacity was elevated significantly in maengjong-juk extract diets supplemented group in a dose dependant manner. Hepatic TBARS contents were significantly decreased in maengjong-juk extract diets supplemented group compared to high cholesterol group. Maengjong-juk extract coated rice diets suppressed the protein oxidation significantly in liver. Activities of hepatic antioxidative enzymes such as total SOD, CuㆍZn-SOD, Mn-SOD, GSH-Px and catalase activities of maengjong-juk extract coated rice diets were significantly higher than those of high cholesterol diet. Total hepatic glutathione content was significantly increased by maengjong-juk extract coated rice diets administration. According to this study, numerous antioxidative materials and phytochemicals containing in maengjong-juk extracts appear to protect antioxidative systems in C57BL/6 mice fed bamboo extract coated rice diet. (Korean J Community Nutrition 9(4): 536∼544, 2004)

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 2009

To increase utilities as functional materials, 173 strains of silkworm genetic resources in the form of silkworm powder were evaluated for antioxidative capacity, with minilum L-100 device and ARAW-KIT (anti-radical ability of water soluble substance). Silkworm powder was prepared with freezing method from silkworms at 5th instar 3rd day larvae. All strains of silkworm powder were prepared with 80% methanol extraction. The data of pupation rate, longevity of silkmoth with origin and voltinism were used for data base of silkworm genetic resources. The weight of a silkworm larva with freezing method at 5th instar 3rd day was measured. The average of antioxidative capacity of 173 silkworm strains was 429.68 nmol. The analysis of correlation among variables was significant, showing negative correlation of the antioxidative capacity with longevity of silk moth and weight of 5th instar silkworm larva. The strains from the tropic, Europe and some other origins were comparatively high. In conclusion, short longevity and low weight of 5th instar silkworm larvae showed comparatively effective antioxidative capacity.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.128-136
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• 1994

Mackerel muscle protein hydrolysates, which were prepared from defatted mackerel meal by proteases such as complex enzyme, alcalase, bromelain, pancrease, pepsin, w-chymotrypsin, trypsin and papain, were tested for the antioxidative action against linoleic acid. Among proteases tested, the hydrolysates obtained from the treatment of complex enzyme, bromelain and alcalase showed higher antioxidative effects. Also, the hydrolysates showed the synergistic effects with o-tocopherol and the inhibitory effects for peroxidation of metal ions(Fe3+, Cua+) From the profiles of fractionation of the hydrolysates with Bio-gel P-2 column, the most active fractions, part I(complex enzyme-derived) and part e(bromelain-derived), had below MW 1,400 and the antioxidative effects were closely related to the binding capacity with metal ion(Cua+). Amno acid composition of the part I was abundant in histidine, arginine, phenylalanine and lysine, and the part e was abundant in lysine, glutamic acid and leucine.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1055-1062
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate whether dietary chlorella intake could have an effect on antioxidative capacity in rats oxidatively stressed with cadmium (Cd). Sprague-Dawley rats fed dietary chlorella (0, 5, and 10%) for 4 weeks after induction of oxidative stress by exposing to Cd (200 ppm) for 8 weeks. After the oxidative stress applied, plasma and liver malondialdehyde concentrations and xanthine oxidase activities were decreased in 5% chlorella fed group compared to chlorella free group. Although liver heme oxygenase-1 protein expression was not affected by chlorella, the enzyme activity was improved in 5% chlorella fed group. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity and hepatic metallothionein concentration were increased in 5% chlorella fed group. However, 10% chlorella intake had no effect on the improvement of oxidative stress-related enzymes and proteins. These findings suggest that, after induction of oxidative stress with Cd, 5% chlorella intake might improve antioxidative capacity against oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.83-90
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• 2005

Objectives : To investigate the effects of acupuncture at Gansoo (B-18) and Chungwan (CV-12) on lipid metabolism in rats fed peroxidized lipid diet. Methods : Effects of acupuncture at Gansoo and Chungwan on plasma and liver lipid composition and antioxidative capacity were investigated in rats fed peroxidized lipids. Results : Although the level of plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride showed a tendency to decrease in the acupuncture group, the plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration showed no significant difference. The level of liver total cholesterol and triglyceride showed no significant difference in all treatment groups. Thiobarbituric acid( TBARS ) values in plasma and liver showed a tendency to decrease in the acupuncture groups. The plasma GOT and GPT activities showed low values in the acupuncture groups. The liver glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity showed high values in the acupuncture groups. Conclusions : The results suggest that acupuncture at Gansoo (B-18) and Chungwan (CV-12) may have an influence on lipid metabolism via enhancing antioxidative capacity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.180-183
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• 1999

Seaweeds is a rich sources of dietary fibers exerting a number of physiological properties. However, the reported dietary fiber contents of seaweeds are not consistent and vary widely. Also. a limited number of studies on the biological effects of specific seaweeds have been reported. In this study, water-holding capacity, viscosity and antixidantive activity of major dietary seaweeds were measured to assess their physiological effects. Results showed that total dietary fiber contents ranged from 28 to 51% of dried weight, and large proportions of dietary fiber were insoluble fibers. Water-holding capacity was highest in sea mustard being 1310% , while laver, sea tangle, and green laver exhibited 943, 854 and 815%, respectively. The viscosity of seaweed samples was 20 to 40 cP in sea mustard and sea tangle, while laver and green laver possessed much lower values. All seaweed samples revealed a weak, albeit significant electron donating ability. Also, lipid peroxidation was reduced by 7 to 18%. However, there was no difference in antioxidative activity among seaweeds and sample concernations used. These results imply that most commonly used seaweeds possibly exert parts of their physiological effects through their water-holding, gel-forming , and/or antioxidative activities.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.110-117
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• 1999

Free radicals formed during the metabolism of environmental chemicals are known to induce mutagenicity, while different types of antioxidants suppress this event. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidative and antimutagenic effects of soybean saponins, and to examine the relationship between these two effects for the elucidation of mechanisms involved in the anticarcinogenicity of soybean saponins. Also, antioxidative and antimutagenic effects of soybean saponins were compared with those of kinown antioxidants. For the measurement of antioxidative capacity, soybean saponins, L-ascorbic acid, $\alpha$-tocophoerol, and BHT at concentrations between 005 and 1.0mg/ml were tested for their ability to donate hydrogens and to reduce the formation of thiobarbituric substances(TBARS). Antimutagenic activity was examined using the Ames salmonella test system at concentrations of 600, 900 or 1200ug/ml. Study results showed soybean saponins and all of the other antioxidants tested possessed dose-dependent antioxidative activities. The ability of hydrogen-donation to DPPH was in the order of L-ascorbic acid>$\alpha$-tocopherol=>BHT>soybean saponins. TBARS formation was also inhibited by these compounds, in the order of BHT>$\alpha$-tocopherol=L-ascorbic acid>soybean saponins. Soybean saponins and other antioxidants also showed antimutagenicity in a dose-dependent manner. Especially, soybean saponins and BHT were excellent antioxidants compounds, inhibiting near 80% of the mutagenic effects at a concentration of 1200ug/ml. The correlation coefficients between antioxidative capacity and antimutagenicity for each compund was statistically significant at p<0.05. These results indicate that soybean saponins possess antioxidative and antimutagenic capacities. Also, antimutagenicity of saponins and other antioxidats is partly due to their antioxidative activities.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.225-229
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• 2011

Organic kiwifruits were smaller fruit size but had higher magnesium and dry matter content than conventional, meanwhile, fruit soluble solid content was similar to conventional. There were no significant difference in polyphenol contents and antioxidative capacity between organic and conventional although there were considerable variations among sample orchards. Several minerals were also similar levels in both systems.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2006

We have examined the bioaccumulation patterns and the ecophysiological responses (photosynthetic pigment and total antioxidative capacity) of Monochoria korsakowi exposed to various cadmium concentrations, one of major environmental pollutants. Cadmium ion contents in M. korsakowi increased significantly with higher cadmium concentration, and most of the accumulated cadmium was found in the root parts. Biomass of each part decreased with higher cadmium concentration. As cadmium treatment concentration was increased, chlorophyll a content was decreased, whereas chlorophyll b content was increased. However, the variations of total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were not evident. Total antioxidative capacity in the leaves of cadmium treated M. korsakowi increased greatly with higher cadmium concentration. We considered these results as indicative of the ability of M. Korsakowi plants to take up cadmium from wetlands.