• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.60 no.11
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• pp.28.1-28.6
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• 2018

Background: Preventing oxidative stress in heat stressed animals may be possible by increasing antioxidant defence via exogenous administration of antioxidant substrate and/or its precursors. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Soursop juice in mitigating oxidative stress induced by heat stress in rabbit. Methods: Sixty mixed breed rabbit bucks aged 12-18 months old with the average weight of $1826{\pm}8.35$ g/rabbit, randomly allotted to experimental treatments of four replicates each, in a completely randomized design during high-temperature humidity index in Ado Ekiti, Southwest Nigeria. Soursop juice (SSJ) was administered via oral drenched daily per kg body weight (BW), to designated treatment 1 to 5; $0.55mlkg^{-1}BW$ distilled water (control), $0.55mlkg^{-1}BW$ SSJ, $1.11mlkg^{-1}BW$ SSJ, $1.67mlkg^{-1}BW$ SSJ and $2.22mlkg^{-1}BW$ SSJ, respectively. Fastened blood samples were collected at days 28 and 56, and assay for serum protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation using standard procedures. Result: Result revealed that SSJ demonstrated hypocholesterolemic effect in a dose-dependent manner throughout the study. Effect of chronic administration of SSJ to heat stressed rabbits proved beneficial, as SSJ reduced serum lipid peroxidation and enhanced antioxidant activity over 8 weeks. Conclusion: Administration of soursop juice to heat-stressed bucks at $2.22mlkg^{-1}BW$ offered optimum antioxidant defense against oxidative stress.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 2006

This study investigated the protective effect of the butanol (BuOH) fraction from Laminaria japonica (BFLJ) extract on high glucose-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Freeze-dried L japonica was extracted with distilled water, and the extracted solution was mixed with ethanol then centrifuged. The supernatant was subjected to sequential fractionation with various solvents. The BuOH fraction was used in this study because it possessed the strongest antioxidant activity among the various solvent fractions. To determine the protective effect of the BFLJ, oxidative stress was induced by exposing of HUVECs to the high glucose (30 mM) or normal glucose (5.5 mM) for 48 hr. Cell viability, lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) concentration, and antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and glutathion reductase (GSH-re) were measured. Exposure of HUVECs to high glucose for 48 hr resulted in a significant (p<0.05) decrease in cell viability, SOD, GSH-px and GSH-re and a significant (p<0.05) increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation in comparison to the cells treated with 5.5 mM glucose or untreated with glucose. BFLJ treatment decreased TBARS formation and increased cell viability, GSH concentration, and activities of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, SOD, GSH-px, and GSH-re in high glucose pretreated HUVECs. These results suggest that BFLJ may be able to protect HUVECs from high glucose-induced oxidative stress, partially through the antioxidative defence systems.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.264-280
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• 1993

The environmental pollutions were a serious problem in Korea recently. So many researcher have studied the effect of environmental pollution on plants and agro-ecosystem, but the basic mechanisms of environmental stresses were various. One of the important mechanisms was oxidative stress caused by active toxic oxygen. The toxic oxygen was generated by several stresses, abnormal temperature, many xenobiotics, air pollutants, water stress, fugal toxin, etc. In the species of toxic oxygen which is primary inducer of oxidative stresses, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen were representative species. The scavenging systems were divided into two groups. One was nonenzymatic system and the other enzymatic system. Antioxidants such as glutathione, ascorbic acid, and carotenoid, have the primary function in defense mechanisms. Enzymatic system divided into two groups; First, direct interaction with toxic oxygen(eg. superoxide dismutase). Second, participation in redox reaction to maintain the active antioxidant levels(eg. glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, etc.).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.349-354
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• 2008

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were investigated from the portions of shoots and roots in accordance with developmental stage and in response to environmental stress and antioxidants using Rhodiola-seedlings. The rates of SOD activities were revealed highly at the portion of roots and its tip of seedlings in the latter stages rather than the initial stages. SOD activities of seedlings in the initial stages treated with sodium chloride and cadmium as environmental stressors showed the decrease by 15 and 30% with respect to the control, respectively. However, in spite of stressor-treatments, the activities in the roots were increased according to the growth period showing a maximum rate of up to 45%. Also, SOD activities of the seedling treated with ascorbic acid as a antioxidant were increased by 46% of control value, but this was similar to the rate revealed in the presence of stressors. These results suggest that SOD activities in Rhodiola-seedlings may be related with the important defence-system against injurious environments.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2001

In order to test the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and $\alpha$-tocopherol on full-thickness skin grafts in rats, we peeformed full-thickness skin grafts bilaterally on rats. After surgery, we analyzed the tissue-concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)/reductase(GPr) on days 0, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28. The four groups had similar patterns of change in SOD, catalase, GPx and GPr values. SOD increased initially, and was significantly increased at day 7, returning to the preoperative activity level on day 14 (control, HBO, and $\alpha$-tocopherol treated alone) and 28 (HBO plus $\alpha$-tocopherol). Catalase had a similar pattern of change as the SOD enzyme activity, except for the surgical control on day 2. Glutathione peroxidase/reductase activity in the four groups had a similar pat-tern of enzyme activity, with a significant increase from preoperative level on day 4, peaking during days 7 to 10, and returning to preoperative level on day 21(surgical control, HBO, and $\alpha$-tocopherol-treated alone) and 28 (HBO plus $\alpha$-tocopherol treated group). Hence, the clinical use of HBO and $\alpha$-tocopherol mixture can be recommended as an adjunctive treatment for free skin grafts in rats. But, the antioxidant used, its dose, and the timing of its administration, as well as, the exposure time and the pressure of HBO, should be the subject of further research.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-24
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• 2004

We found new type of thiol peroxidase, fused with GRX.(TPx-GRX) The TPx-GRX exists in pathogenic bacteria including -. This protein was homogeneously purified from the E.coli recombinant overexpressing TPx-GRX. In the presence of a thiol-containing electron donor such as DTT, the purified TPx-GRX has potent the antioxidant to prevent the inactivation of GS by the MCO system, which is comprised of DTT, $Fe^{3+}$, and $O^2$. The antioxidant activity is much higher that other thiol peroxidase. The investigate the peroxidase activity of TPx-GRX, we directly measured the peroxidase activity of TPx-GRX toward peroxides in terms of the removal of peroxides in the presence of GSH. This result demonstrates that the peroxidase activity of TPx-GRX. These taken together results suggest that TPx-GRX is a new member of thiol peroxidase. These observations also suggest that in the pathogenic bacteria, TPx-GRX plays an important antioxidative role as a multiple array defence mechanism against oxidative stress.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.306-312
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• 2001

We investigated the effect of physical exercise on the intakes and plasma levels of vitamin C and E in young male adults. The study population were divided into two groups: small-amount exercisers($\leq$ 30min/day, n=29) and moderate-amount exercisers(> 30min/day, n=32) according to their physical exercise habits measured by a questionnaire. Dietary intakes of vitamin C and E of the subjects were estimated by the 24 hour recall method. Plasma lipid profiles, vitamin C, $\alpha$-tocopherol and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol levels were analyzed. No significant differences were observed in total cholesterol, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C of plasma between two groups. Plasma vitamin C and $\alpha$-tocopherol levels in moderate-amount exercisers were significantly higher than those in small-amount exercisers, although dietary intakes of vitamin C and vitamin E were not significantly different between two groups. However, plasma ${\gamma}$-tocopherol level of moderate-amount exercisers did not significantly differ from small-amount exercisers. There was a positive correlation between the amount of exercise and plasma $\alpha$-tocopherol level. These results suggest that moderate amount of exercise over 30 min per day would lead to a healthy life with an activated antioxidant defence system against oxidative stress.(Korean J Nutrition 34(3) : 306~312, 2001)

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.573-576
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• 2004

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the lipid peroxidation, creatine kinase activity and cortisol hormone levels following the training intensity in elite judo players. Six elite Judo players participated in the experiments (3h repetition judo program), which include stretching, judo skill practice and cool down without recess. Blood sampling were taken at the judo gymnasium at the time of resting, 1h training, 2h training, 3h training, 2h recovery, and 24h recovery time and this were analyzed for CK, MDA and Cortisol levels. The results obtained were analyzed via repeated measures of ANOVA using SPSS package program (ver.10.0) and a value of p<.05 was considered statistically significant. The results from this study were as follows. In the CK levels, which reflect the contribution of creatine phosphate and muscle damage degree, there was a significant difference (p<.05) after judo training in every period. Recovery 24h showed the highest level. In the MDA levels, which reflect lipid peroxidation, there was a significant difference (p<.05) after judo training. Recovery 2h showed the lowest level. In the cortisol hormone levels, which reflect stress status, there was a significant difference (p<.05). In this study, we can conclude that For the trained athletes, MDA level was lower at the time of exercise compare to the other period, this is caused by the increased antioxidant defence mechanism.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.232-236
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• 2005

Background: A physically active lifestyle and regular exercise training incurs many health benefits. One recently recognized benefit of regular moderate exercise is stress reduction and immune enhancement. Thus, a physical stress such as exercise may act at any number of points in the complex sequence of events collectively termed the immune response. Although exercise causes many propound changes in parameters of immune function, the nature and magnitude of such changes rely on several factors including the immune parameters of interest; type, intensity, and duration of exercise; fitness level or exercise history of the subject; environmental factors such as ambient temperature and humidity. Methods: This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of different type of exercise on superoxide dismutase (SOD), neutrophils, and T lymphocytes of Sprague-Dawley rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups; a non-Trained group (NTG, n=6), a swim-Trained group (STG), and a treadmill-Trained group (TTG). The exercise regimen was designed in a treadmill (5 times/5 days/week) during 8-weeks for TTG, and swim training (5 times/5 days/week) during 8-weeks for STG, and the volume of exercise training was the same in both groups. Results: 8 weeks of regular swim and treadmill training significantly increased liver SOD concentration however, muscle SOD concentration was not statistically significant. In the level of neutrophils, TTG and STG showed significant difference, compared to NTG. TTG was the highest level of neutrophils. In the level of immune cell counts, there was significant difference among TTG, STG, and NTG both in the spleen and thymus. Conculsion: In conclusion, it can be stated that eight weeks swim and treadmill exercise training has beneficial effect in improving immune response and antioxidant defence capacity by augmenting immune cells and SOD activities of SD rats.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.163-176
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to determine whether Juglandis Semen extraction(JS) has a protective effect against the lung cell injury caused by oxidant, t-butythydroperoxide(t-BHP) and $H_2O_2$ in rabbit lung slices. JS significantly prevented an increase in water content induced by t-BHP. Similarly, JS significantly prevented the lipid peroxidation induced by t-BHP. Cellular concentration of glutathione, and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly not altered by 5% JS. However, JS at 5% concentration significantly increased the glutathione peroxidase activity in oxidant-treated and control tissues. JS decreased directly the production of superoxide or hydroxyl radical. These results indicate that JS prevents the cell injury and lipid peroxidation induced by oxidants in the lung. Such an antioxidant effect is attributed to enhancement of major endogenous antioxidant defence systems such as glutathione peroxidase and direct inhibition of oxygen free radical production.