• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제59권6호
• /
• pp.15.1-15.5
• /
• 2017

Background: The horse intestinal tract is sensitive and contains a highly complex microbial population. A shift in the microbial population can lead to various issues such as inflammation and colic. The use of nutraceuticals in the equine industry is on the rise and curcumin is thought to possess antimicrobial properties that may help to minimize the proliferation of opportunistic bacteria. Methods: Four cecally-cannulated horses were utilized to determine the optimal dose of liposomal-curcumin (LIPC) on reducing Streptococcus bovis/equinus complex (SBEC), Escherichia coli K-12, Escherichia coli general, Clostridium difficile, and Clostridium perfringens in the equine hindgut without adversely affecting cecal characteristics. In the first study cecal fluid was collected from each horse and composited for an in vitro, 24 h batch culture to examine LIPC at four different dosages (15, 20, 25, and 30 g) in a completely randomized design. A subsequent in vivo $4{\times}4$ Latin square design study was conducted to evaluate no LIPC (control, CON) or LIPC dosed at 15, 25, and 35 g per day (dosages determined from in vitro results) for 9 days on the efficacy of LIPC on selected bacterial strains, pH, and volatile fatty acids. Each period was 14 days with 9 d for acclimation and 5 d withdrawal period. Results: In the in vitro study dosage had no effect ($P{\geq}0.42$) on Clostridium strains, but as the dose increased SBEC concentrations increased (P = 0.001). Concentrations of the E. coli strain varied with dose. In vivo, LIPC's antimicrobial properties, at 15 g, significantly decreased (P = 0.02) SBEC when compared to 25 and 35 g dosages. C. perfringens decreased linearly (P = 0.03) as LIPC dose increased. Butyrate decreased linearly (P = 0.01) as LIPC dose increased. Conclusion: Further studies should be conducted with a longer dosing period to examine the antimicrobial properties of curcumin without adversely affecting cecal characteristics.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2011

천연물 오배자 추출물은 in vitro 선행 연구를 통하여 병원성 세균과 바이러스에 대한 강력한 항균 항바이러스 효과를 확인하였다. 본 연구는 양돈 농장에서 130일간의 장기 임상시험을 통하여 효능평가를 통한 천연물 오배자 추출물의 항균 항바이러스 효과를 규명하고자 수행되었다. 200 마리의 돼지를 천연물 오배자 추출물 투여군과 비투여군으로 2 그룹으로 나누어 130일 동안 양돈농장에서 연구가 수행되었다. 천연물 오배자 추출물 투여군에는 항생제가 없는 사료에 천연물 오배자 추출물을 0.2% 배합하여 급여하였고 비투여군은 항생제가 포함된 일반 사료를 급여하였다. 연구기간 동안 사료섭취량, 체중, 임상증상을 분석하고 시험종료일에 부검하여 육안검사와 미생물학적 검사 및 병리조직학적 검사를 수행하였다. 연구결과 천연물 오배자 추출물은 양돈 산업에서 심각한 문제가 되고 있는 병원성 세균과 바이러스에 대한 강력한 항균 항바이러스 효과를 가지고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
• /
• 제54권6호
• /
• pp.429-437
• /
• 2016

Objectives: Photodynamic therapy has been proven to promote additional clinical and microbiological benefits in the treatment of chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the photodynamic therapy for patient with periodontitis. Methods: We searched the eight Korean databases and Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, Cochrane Library. Total 300 studies were searched and 13 studies were included in the final assessment. Each of the stages from literature search and extraction of data were carried out independently by 2 researchers. We used tools of Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Networks for assessment of the quality of studies. Results: The safety of the photodynamic therapy was assessed by bleeding. The effectiveness of the photodynamic therapy was assessed by the reduction of Probing pocket depth (PPD) and the gain of Clinical attachment level (CAL). The mean difference of PPD was 0.46(95% CI 0.09~0.82), (p=.01).). The mean difference of CAL was ?0.49(95% CI ?1.12~0.14), (p=.13). Conclusion: The additional use of $^{\circ}{\infty}$Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy for Periodontitis$^{\circ}{\pm}$ caused hemorrhage to similar extents to conventional treatment modalities, where scaling and root planing are solely performed, in patients with periodontitis who are expected to have a lower degree of treatment response to non-surgical or surgical periodontal therapies (implant or refractory periodontitis) and those where there is a concern for the possible occurrence of antimicrobial side effects or resistance. This indicates that there are no problems with its safety. But there were no consistent reports about the effects of the additional use of photodynamic therapy. This led to a decision that the safety and efficacy of the current technology deserve further studies (Recommendation rating of A, Classification of technology II-a).

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.189-194
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 항생제 내성 Salmonella Typhimurium CCARM 8009을 저해하기 위한 phage와 항생제 조합처리의 효과를 평가하였다. 디스크 확산법과 액체배지 희석법에 의해 phage와 항생제의 상승 저해효과를 측정하였고 배양을 통한 항생제 내성 유도를 평가하였다. Phage를 처리한 cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin의 디스크의 저해 구역은 각각 13.6%, 19.3%, 12.7%, 78.8%로 증가되었다. Phage와 항생제 조합 처리에 의해 tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, streptomycin의 최소생육억제농도는 각각 64, 4, 0.0078, 64, 256 mg/mL으로 감소되었다. Phage와 항생제의 조합 처리는 항생제 내성 S. Typhimurium CCARM 8009을 효과적으로 저해하였다 (4 log reduction). 본 결과는 phage와 항생제의 조합처리는 항생제 내성균을 제어하기 위한 방법으로 충분히 응용가치가 높음을 보여주고 있다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.281-287
• /
• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility utilizing Metasequoia(Metasequoia glyptostroboides) cone as a new natural dye resource. In previous study, dyeing onto cotton fiber was carried out and Metasequoia cone colorant showed low affinity to cotton fiber and maximum dye uptake was obtained at pH 3.5 showing YR Munsell color. For further evaluation of its efficacy as a new natural dye resource, effects of dyeing conditions and mordanting on dye uptake, color change, and colorfastness were investigated for silk fiber. Metasequoia cone colorant showed good affinity toward silk fiber showing YR Munsell color and maximum dye uptake was shown at pH 3.5. Post-mordanting with Cu and Fe improved dye uptake, especially Fe($C_5H_{10}FeO_6$) mordant was effective as much as 2 times higher dye uptake comparing with un-mordanted sample. The color of dyed fabrics with mordanting showed YR Munsell color. Fe mordanted fabrics appeared dark gray~black color. Colorfastness to washing was relatively good, whereas lightfastness of the dyed fabrics showed grade 2. It was confirmed that Metasequoia cone colorant can be used as a new dye resource for silk fiber getting brownish yellow to dark gray/black color depending on mordant type. In addition, it showed antimicrobial functionality.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.207-214
• /
• 2014

PURPOSE. This study characterized the synthesis of a modified PMMA (Polymethyl methacrylate) denture acrylic loading platinum nanoparticles (PtN) and assessed its bacterial inhibitory efficacy to produce novel antimicrobial denture base material. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Polymerized PMMA denture acrylic disc ($20mm{\times}2mm$) specimens containing 0 (control), 10, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L of PtN were fabricated respectively. The obtained platinum-PMMA nanocomposite (PtNC) was characterized by TEM (transmission electron microscopy), SEM/EDX (scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), thermogravimetric and atomic absorption spectrophotometer analysis. In antimicrobial assay, specimens were placed on the cell culture plate, and $100{\mu}L$ of microbial suspensions of S. mutans (Streptococcus mutans) and S. sobrinus (Streptococcus sobrinus) were inoculated then incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The bacterial attachment was tested by FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorting) analysis after staining with fluorescent probe. RESULTS. PtN were successfully loaded and uniformly immobilized into PMMA denture acrylic with a proper thermal stability and similar surface morphology as compared to control. PtNC expressed significant bacterial anti-adherent effect rather than bactericidal effect above 50 mg/L PtN loaded when compared to pristine PMMA (P=.01) with no or extremely small amounts of Pt ion eluted. CONCLUSION. This is the first report on the synthesis and its antibacterial activity of Pt-PMMA nanocomposite. PMMA denture acrylic loading PtN could be a possible intrinsic antimicrobial denture material with proper mechanical characteristics, meeting those specified for denture bases. For clinical application, future studies including biocompatibility, color stability and warranting the long-term effect were still required.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2000

Gel and cream containing 5% and 10% ketonic fraction (KF) of Leptospermum scoparium, respectively were formulated. Antimicrobial activity, stability, anti-inflammatory effect, rheological properties, drug release and acute toxicity for these topical efficacy were evaluated. Gel and cream containing neomycin or gentamycin in combination with KF has potent antimicrobial activity. Gel and cream were physically stable and did not show any creaming for 6 months storage. Gel showed plastic flow with yield value and cream showed pseudoplastic flow with hysteresis loop. The gel and cream containing KF showed higher viscosity than control or commercial one. The viscosity increased as the concentration of KF increased. Both 10% gel and cream showed a significant decrease in swelling when applied to the carrageenan- injected paw, suggesting local antiinflammatory activity. Particularly, 10% gel preparation showed similar antiinflammatory activity when compared with commercially available drugs. Percent of drug released and diffusion coefficient were in the order of 5% gel, 10% gel, 5% cream, and 10% cream, respectively. There were no significant changes of body weight in rats percutaneously administered with 10% cream and gel when compared with control. There were no induced acute toxicity when 10% cream or gel was applied to rats. Leptospermum scoparium could be practicaly used in topical preparations.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.384-392
• /
• 2007

The primary objective of this study was to determine the effects of a water-distilled extract with 15 kinds of Korean medicinal herb on antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori, and lipid metabolism. The water-distilled extract (WE) and fermenting water-distilled extract (FE) of medicinal herbs were utilized in order to make functional beverages. The EDA (electron donating activity), SOD-like ability, and RAE (relative antioxidant efficacy) of WE averaged 24.47, 50.35, and 1.57%, respectively, but the EDA, SOD-like ability, and RAE of FE was retardeded by 12.01, 35.72, and 1.55%, respectively. The antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori of WE averaged 12.84 mm as a diametric clear zone, and was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those measured in the WE and control. Serum triglyceride contents, total serum cholesterol contents, and serum LDL-cholesterol contents of the WE group were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of the control group. The liver total-cholesterol contents and liver triglycerides of WE group were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of the control group. The plasma TBARS value of the WE group was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of the control group. The sensory evaluation, taste, and smell of FE were more desirable than those of WE, but the color of WE was more desirable. According to the above results, the water distilled extracts (WE) of 15 kinds of medicinal herb are supposed to be effective with regard to antioxidant activity and lipid metabolism, but the antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori was increased as the result of fermentation.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.308-316
• /
• 2018

Background: The Rosa multiflora, a well-known plant belonging to Rosacea, is widely used in orthodox medicine in worldwide. However, its biological activity and cosmetic preservative efficacy have not yet been studied. Thus, this species is yet to be defined as a functional cosmetic material. Accordingly, an investigation of the above mentioned atrributes was performed on a 50% ethanol extract of Rosa multiflora. Methods and Results: The antioxidant activity was assessed through free radical scavenging assays with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Additionally, the contents of total phenols and flavonoids were analyzed. The phenolic compounds were detected using HPLC. The antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans was assessed using the disc diffusion assay. The preservative effect (challenge test) on a formulation of soothing gel was performed for 28days. The DPPH radical scavenging ability, denoted by the $SC_{50}$ (half maximal inhibitory concentration for DPPH radical scavenging) value was found to be $131.63{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The content of total polyphenol and flavonoid content were 202 mg/g and 86.77 mg/g, respectively. In additon, astragalin and gallic acid were identified in the extract. The antimicrobial activity of the extract against S. aureus and E. coli was observed to be 5 - 0.5%, and no significant activity was noted against C. albicans. The ethanol extracts (5% and 10%) met the preservation standards of the Cosmetics, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA). Conclusions: Thus the ethanol extract of R. multiflora can be used in cosmetics as a natural preservative and antioxidant.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.59.1-59.13
• /
• 2021

Background: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been identified as promising compounds for consideration as novel antimicrobial agents. Objectives: This study analyzed the efficacy of cecropin B against Haemophilus parasuis isolates through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments. Results: Cecropin B exhibited broad inhibition activity against 15 standard Haemophilus parasuis (HPS) strains and 5 of the clinical isolates had minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) ranging from 2 to 16 ㎍/mL. Microelectrophoresis and hexadecane adsorption assays indicated that the more hydrophobic and the higher the isoelectric point (IEP) of the strain, the more sensitive it was to cecropin B. Through SEM, multiple blisters of various shapes and dents on the cell surface were observed. Protrusions and leakage were detected by AFM. Conclusions: Based on the results, cecropin B could inhibit HPS via a pore-forming mechanism by interacting with the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria. Moreover, as cecropin B concentration increased, the bacteria membrane was more seriously damaged. Thus, cecropin B could be developed as an effective anti-HPS agent for use in clinical applications.