• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.414-419
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• 1997

Gastrointestinal irritation is the most frequent adverse effect in patients chronically taking nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the treatment of arthritic conditions. Gastroprotective effect of DA-9601, a new antiulcer agent from Artemisiae Herba extract, against NSAID was evaluated in a rat model of arthritis that is similar in many aspects to human rheumatoid arthritis. Daily oral dosing of naproxen (30 mg/kg), one of the most commonly used NSAID, induced apparent gastric lesions as well as a significant decrease in mucosal prostagiandin $E_2;(PGE_2)$ and prostagiandin F_${1{\alpha}}$$(PGF_{1{\alpha}})$ levels. Coadministration of DA-9601 prevents naproxen-induced mucosal injury and depletion of prostaglandins, in a dose-related manner. DA-9601 did not alter the antiinflammatory or analgesic effect of naproxen. The present results suggest that DA-9601 may be useful as a mucoprotectant against NSAIDs in clinical practice.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.160-162
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• 1996

The structural analysis of tolfenamic acid, 2-[(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-amino]benzoic acid, was performed by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The compound was recrystallized from a mixture of ether and toluene in triclinic, space group $P2_1/c, \;with\; \partial=3.914(1), \; b=22.\; 020(2), \; c=14.271(1)\;{\AA}, \beta.=94.68(1)^{\circ}, $ and Z=4. The calculated density is $1.418 g/cm^3$. The structure was solved by the direct method and refined by full matrix least-squares procedure to the final R value of 0.039 for 1773 independent reflections. In the molecule, carboxyl group at the anthranilic acid is coplanar to the phenyl ring. The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings of the molecule is $44.2^{\circ}$ The molecules are dirnerized through the intermolecular hydrogen bonds at the carboxyl group in the crystal.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.442-451
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• 2019

Background: Ginseng has a wide range of beneficial effects on health, such as the mitigation of minor and major inflammatory diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. There are abundant data regarding the health-enhancing properties of whole ginseng extracts and single ginsenosides; however, no study to date has determined the receptors that mediate the effects of ginseng extracts. In this study, for the first time, we explored whether the antiinflammatory effects of Rg3-enriched red ginseng extract (Rg3-RGE) are mediated by retinoid X receptor ${\alpha}$-peroxisome-proliferating receptor ${\gamma}$ ($RXR{\alpha}-PPAR{\gamma}$) heterodimer nuclear receptors. Methods: Nitric oxide assay, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, nuclear hormone receptor-binding assay, and molecular docking analyses were used for this study. Results: Rg3-RGE exerted antiinflammatory effects via nuclear receptor heterodimers between $RXR{\alpha}$ and $PPAR{\gamma}$ agonists and antagonists. Conclusion: These findings indicate that Rg3-RGE can be considered a potent antiinflammatory agent, and these effects are likely mediated by the nuclear receptor $RXR{\alpha}-PPAR{\gamma}$ heterodimer.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.166-173
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• 1990

The structure of the anti-inflammatory agent, naproxen sodium was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystal of the compound, which was recrystallized from methanol solution, is nomoclinic, space group $P2_1$ with a = 21. 177(6), b = 5.785(2), c = 5.443(2) $\AA, \beta$ = 91.41(3)$\{\circ}$ and Z = 2. The calculated density is 1.346; the observed value is nements based on 1093 reflections ($F\geq3\sigma$(F)) gave the final R value of 0.043. There are of one water per one compound molecule in the crystal. The carboxyl group of the molecule is nearly perpendicular to the naphthalene ring. The molecules are arranged along with the screw axis, and stabilized by five 0...Na type interactions. The molecule retains nearly same dimensions and similar conformation compared to its parent compound, naproxen, except for the torsion angles around C(5)-C(11) bond.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.340-342
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• 1988

New synthetic method for ibuprofen, which is a potent antiinflammatory agent, was described. Ethyl ${\alpha}-methylthio-p-isobutylphenylacetate$ was obtained from Friedel-Crafts reaction of isobutylbenzene with ethyl ${\alpha}-chloro-{\alpha}-(methylthio)acetate$ in the presence of $SnCl_4$. Ibuprofen was prepared in good yield by treatment of ethyl ${\alpha}-methylthio-p-isobutylphenylacetate$ with NaH and MeI, followed by desulfurization with zinc dust-acetic acid and hydrolysis of the resultant ethyl 2-methylthio-2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.21-21
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• 1997

Transport of drug entrapped in a liposome-hydrogel formulation was significantly retarded in an in vitro topical application. Liposomes containing hydrocortisone acetate, a hydrophobic antiinflammatory agent, were prepared by the precipitation method, and the liposomal suspension was mixed with hydrogel into a semisolid gel-type ointment.(omitted)

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

Objective : Erysipelas is an acute inflammation caused by pyogenic bacteria. This mainly involves the upper part of dermis. It begins as erythematous patches with tenderness, followed by fever, headache, chills and fatigue etc. It may results in edema, obstruction of lymphatics and sepsis. So this experiment is carried out for test whether the Bojeasodok-um subtracted Scrophulariae Radix, Lasiosphaera seu Calvatia, Isatidis Radix added indigo Naturalis, Lithospermi Radix have an anti-inflammatory effect and have suppression effect on immunocyte in the state of inflammation which induced by Erysipelas. Method : Experimental animals made use of 4-5 week-age(weight 20-25g) ICR(male) mouse. In the breeding farm, the lighting time was controlled from 7:00 am till 7:00 pm, the temperature was controlled So we concluded that BS is prospected as an anti-inflammatory agent to cure inflammation induced bywithin 18-23$23^{\circ}C$ and water and food were not limited.The freezing lyophilization powder which were extracted from Bojesodok-Um divided low dose group(200mg/kg-BSL) and high dose group(500mg/kg-BSH) and after melting in water, it was orally administered to the mouse. Compared with inflammation induced group which were induced by triggering-inflammation reagent Carageenan and Zymosan and normal contrast group, we measured the edema decrement effect,macrophage and spleen cell activation. Result : 1. BS has suppress inflammatory reaction induced by Carageenan. 2. BS has suppress increasing activation of abdominal cavity macrophage in the Carageenan and Zymosan induced inflammation. 3. BS has suppress increasing activation of spleen cell in the Carageenan and Zymosan induced inflammation. Based on the above result, BS was improved its suppression effect to the inflammatory reaction through the suppression of spleen cell and macrophage activation. So we concluded that BS is prospected as an anti-inflammatory agent to cure inflammation induced by Erysipelas.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.63-77
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• 1986

prenatal and postanatal study on pranoprofen, as an antiinflammatory agent, was conducted by oral administration in Sprague-Dawley pregnancy rats from day 17 of gestation to day 21 of after delivery. Pranoprofen was intubated doses of 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg/day and dose of 5.0mg/kg/day of Indomethacin was used as positive control. After delivery, several study indexes such as length of gestation, No. of implantations, No. of live pups, No. of perinatal deaths, sex ratio and No. of malformation were checked and then all the newborns were feeded and investigated physical and behavioral changes.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.118-125
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• 1997

In oriental medicine, Artemisiae asiatica (AA) has been used as analgesic, antiinflammatory agent, and coagulatory agent. Furthermore, eupatilin, a kind of flavonoids, is known as the active principle component of AA. This study was undertaken to determine the gastric antiulceration of AA and to elucidate its mechanism. AA showed the inhibitory effect on gastric ulceration induced by EtOH/HCl and aspirin. To elucidate its mechanism, the effect of AA on lipidperoxide level in gastric mucosa, microsome lipidperoxidation, iron -dependent lipidperoxidation, and neutrophil activation were examined. It is suggested that the antiperoxidative and antineutrophil activity of AA play important roles as a possible mechanism. These results suggest that AA might have gastric antiulceration activity due to antilipidperoxdative and antineutrophil activity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.71-73
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• 1996

The molecular structure of pirprofen, 3-chloro-4-(2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-.alpha.-methyl-benzeneacetic acid, was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound was recrystallized from a mixture of chloroform and toluene in triclinic, space group P over $\bar1,\; with\; a=4.577(1),\; b=11.213(2),\; C=12.485(2){\AA},\alpa.=107.39(1),\;\beta=97.79(1),\;\gamma=92.03(2),\; and Z=2$ The calculated density is $1.384 g/cm^3$. The structure was solved by the direct method and refined by full matrix least-squares procedure to the final R value of 0.034 for 1681 independent reflections. The non-aromatic dihydropyrrol group is found to be coplanar to the central aromatic ring. The molecules are dimerized through the intermolecular hydrogen bonds at the carboxyl group in the crystal.