• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.290-295
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• 1994

30 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced against Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. canadensis. Out of the these, 6 mAbs were selected for further studies. SDS-PAGE analyses of sonicated antigens of 10 8. thuringiensis strains showed that they generally had both predominant protein antigens of molecular weights of 45 kilodalton (kd) except for shandogiensis and konkukian, and 37kd except for israelensis, tochigiensis, and shandogiensis, respectively. These results indicate that 4kd and 37kd may be important for demonstrating common antigens except for a few strains of B. thuringiensis. In comparing the result of the westem blot using mAbs with that of using polyclonal antibodies to canadensis, we found that immunoreactive proteins of 99 and 39 kd were identified as common antigens, which might act as antigenic determinants, and might be surface or flagella antigens. Reactivities of mAbs with 41 strains of 8. thuringiensis demonstrated that mAbs of C-1, C-3, C-4, C-S and C-6 except C-2 did not recognize epitopes of thuringiensis, but that all of the mAbs recognized epitopes of galleriae, kurstaki, dakota, tolrJokuensis, silo, toguchini, and leesis. The potential applications of the mAbs we produced would be useful tools for the clarification of taxonomy, investigation of antigenic relationship between B. thuringiensis strains, and localization of specific surface and flagella antigens.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.912-922
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• 2011

Cancer-testis (CT) antigen은 다양한 종양과 정상 고환에서 제한적으로 발현되고, 암환자에서 체액성 면역과 세포성 면역반응을 일으키는 종양항원이다. 지금까지 MAGE, NY-ESO-1, GAGE, BAGE, LAGE, SSX2, NY-SAR-35를 포함하여 100개 이상의 CT antigen들이 동정되었고, 이러한 CT antigen들은 백신을 이용한 면역치료에 있어서 중요한 요소로 작용할 것으로 사료된다. CT antigen은 여러 가지 방법들을 통해 확인할 수 있고, X 염색체에 암호화 되어있는 CT-X gene과 X 염색체에 암호화 되어있지 않은 non-X CT gene으로 나눌 수 있다. 또한 몇몇의 종양에서 비정상적으로 활성화되지 않거나 발현되지 않는 CT antigen도 존재한다. 생식세포 조직과 종양에서 CT-X gene의 생물학적 역할이 아직 명확하게 규명되지 않았지만, 현재 여러 종류의 CT antigen을 이용한 암백신 치료법이 시도되고 있다. 본 논문은 암의 면역치료를 위한 CT antigen의 최근 연구동향과 앞으로의 연구방향에 대해 서술하고자 한다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.283-289
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• 1989

In order to measure in vitro cell mediated immunity in the guinea pigs sensitized with the killed bacilli of Mycobacterium bovis ($AN_5$), M avium (serotype 2), M tuberculosis and M intracellulare (serotype 8), leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test was established using the antigens of purified protein derivatives (PPD) tuberculin. By using LAI test, specificity of cell-mediated immune responses of the guinea pigs inoculated with various Mycobacterium spp was investigated, and comparison between values of LAI and skin test was also made to evaluate the specificity of the newly designed test. The results obtained throughout the experiments were summarized as follows; 1. The optimal concentration of PPD antigens for LAI test was 1 to 2mg per ml of medium. 2. When the leukocytes of guinea pigs sensitized with both M bovis($AN_5$) and M avium (serotype 2) for 2 to 8 weeks were incubated with homologous or heterologous PPD antigens, mean values of LAI test were $61.2{\pm}11.2$ and $65.6{\pm}5.1%$ in homologous PPD antigens respectively, while $30.0{\pm}3.7$ and $32.8{\pm}5.7%$ in heteNlogous PPD antigens, showing the prominently high value of LAI in the homologous syst,em (p<0.01). 3. When the leukocytes of guinea pigs sensitized with both M tuberculosis and M intracellulare (serotype 8) for 2 to 8 weeks were incubated with homologous and heterologous PPD antigens, mean values of LAI test were $67.9{\pm}2.9$ and $66.9{\pm}5.0%$ in homologous PPD antigens, while $27.4{\pm}7.4$ and $24.4{\pm}7.1%$ in heterologous PPD antigens, showing the prominently high value of LAI in the homologous system (p<0.01). 4. Comparing with the specificity of LAI and skin tests on the basis of the value obtained from the homologous system, deviation of reaction was revealed to be 49.5 to 100.2 in LAI test, and -15.9 to 52.0 in skin test.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.233-241
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• 1986

Patients of chronic hepatic diseases(n=107) including chronic hepatitis caused by hepatitis B virus infections(n=31), liver cirrhosis(n=53), and hepatocellular carcinoma(n=23) were examined to ascertain genetic relationship between chronic hepatic diseases and histocompatibility antigen. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were separated from whole blood by the method of Ficoll/Hypaque gradient. Total 54 histocompatibility antigens(class I antigens: 41, class II antigens: 13) were analysed by performing of complement dependent microlymphocytotoxicity method using Terasaki's and Catholic Medical College tissue typing plates. HLA antigen frequencies were compared with those of 661 normal controls. The following results were obtained: 1. HLA antigen frequencies of HLA-Bw46, -Bw76, -Cw1, -Cw6, and HLA-DR8 in chronic hepatitis patients were shown to be higher than those in controls(P<0.01). 2. HLA antigen frequencies of HLA-Bw46, -Cw7(P<0.01), and HLA-B37, -Bw58, -Cw1, -MT1(P < 0.05) in liver cirrhosis patients were shown relatively higher frequencies than those in controls. 3. In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, antigens of HLA-A1, -A26, -Cw3, -Cw7 and HLA-DR6 were dominantly detected. 4. There were negative associations with HLA-Cw4, and -DR4 in patients of chronic hepatic diseases(P < 0.05).

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.159-168
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• 1999

Swine whipworm(Trichuris suis) is cosmopolitan nematode which can cause serious pathology in immature stage(larva2~larva5) of infected pigs, such as anorexia, diarrhea, anemia, and death in heavy infections. In this larval stages, it is very difficult to diagnose the infection of whipworm and to differentiate from other common swine gastrointestinal disorders such as 21 day scours which are associated with TGE virus, rota virus, coccidium, and the stress of weaning. In this experiment, the isolated antigens of Trichuris spp. were carried out to examine the structure and specificity of antigens and to select the reasonable antigens which would be used in serological diagnosis by electrophoresis, Western blotting, ELISA. The results of this experiment were as follows; 1. The common fractions of each Trichuris suis antigen were identified 28,32,45, 80kDa by SDS-PAGE with silver stain and four major fractions could be detected in positive swine sera by Western blot analysis. 2. The OD(optical density) values of somatic and excretory-secretory antigens which were reacted against positive(negative) sera from pigs infected with Trichuris suis by ELISA reader were; 1) OD values($mean{\pm}SD$) of adult somatic antigen against positive(negative) sera were $0.30{\pm}0.12(0.09{\pm}0.006)$ and third-stage larva of somatic antigen were $0.28{\pm}0.038(0.10{\pm}0.005)$. And OD values of excretory-secretory antigens of adult and third-stage larva were $0.24{\pm}0.031(0.11{\pm}0.005)$ and $0.08{\pm}0.013(0.10{\pm}0.003)$, respectively. 2) OD values of adult somatic, larval somatic antigen and adult excretory-secretory antigen response to positive sera were significantly (p<0.01) associated with negative swine sera. And the Cut-off OD values(minimum positive value) were determined to be mean negative value plus 3 SD that would minimized the risk of false positives. 3. The OD values of somatic antigens of T suis and T vulpis against swine positive(negative) sera were $0.30{\pm}0.120(0.09{\pm}0.006)$ and $0.25{\pm}0.141(0.09{\pm}0.003)$. These data mean that the somatic antigens of T suis and T vulpis were able to diagnose T vulpis infection in dogs as well as T suis infection in pigs. These results suggest that somatic antigen of third-stage larva and excretory-secretory antigen of adult T suis could be used the diagnostic antigen by serological test(ELISA) in immature Trichuris spp. infection.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.259-267
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• 1987

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) cause an acute diarrhea (white scour) in both animals and humans. The disease process initially involves the adherence and colonization of the mucosal surface of the small intestine, followed by the elaboration of a heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and/or heat-stable enterotoxin (ST). Intestinal adherence or colonization by ETEC is generally mediated by a specific surface-associated pilus (fimbrial) antigen that endows the bacteria with the capacity to adhere to epitherial cell surface. Fourteen monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against pili antigens of ETEC were obtained by cell fusion/hybridoma technique. They were characterized by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and divided into four groups: specific to K99 antigen (group 1), cross-reactive with K99 and F41 antigens (group 2), specific to K88 antigen (group 3) and specific to 987P and K88 antigens (group 4), respectively. These MAbs demonstrated the distinct pili (K) antigens on the surface of ETEC by IFA, and could be utilized as diagnostic reagent for the identification of ETEC. When eighty-seven field isolates of E. coli from piglet with diarrhea were tested by group 3 MAb, fourty-two strains (48.3%) has K88 pilus antigen suggesting that this is one of the major pilus antigen of ETEC present in fifeld.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.250-261
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• 2010

The expression of vaccine antigens in transgenic plants has the potential to provide a convenient, stable, safe approach for oral vaccination alternative to traditional parenteral vaccines. Over the past two decades, many different vaccine antigens expressed via the plant nuclear genome have elicited appropriate immunoglobulin responses and have conferred protection upon oral delivery. Up to date, efforts to produce antigen proteins in plants have focused on potato, tobacco, tomato, banana, and seed (maize, rice, soybean, etc). The choice of promoters affects transgene transcription, resulting in changes not only in concentration, but also in the stage tissue and cell specificity of its expression. Inclusion of mucosal adjuvants during immunization with the vaccine antigen has been an important step towards the success of plant-derived vaccines. In animal and Phase I clinical trials several plant-derived vaccine antigens have been found to be safe and induce sufficiently high immune response. Future areas of research should further characterize the induction of the mucosal immune response and appropriate dosage for delivery system of animal and human vaccines. This article reviews the current status of development in the area of the use of plant for the development of oral vaccines.

• BMB Reports
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2014

CD1 molecules belong to non-polymorphic MHC class I-like proteins and present lipid antigens to T cells. Five different CD1 genes (CD1a-e) have been identified and classified into two groups. Group 1 include CD1a-c and present pathogenic lipid antigens to ${\alpha}{\beta}$ T cells reminiscence of peptide antigen presentation by MHC-I molecules. CD1d is the only member of Group 2 and presents foreign and self lipid antigens to a specialized subset of ${\alpha}{\beta}$ T cells, NKT cells. NKT cells are involved in diverse immune responses through prompt and massive production of cytokines. CD1d-dependent NKT cells are categorized upon the usage of their T cell receptors. A major subtype of NKT cells (type I) is invariant NKT cells which utilize invariant $V{\alpha}14-J{\alpha}18$ TCR alpha chain in mouse. The remaining NKT cells (type II) utilize diverse TCR alpha chains. Engineered CD1d molecules with modified intracellular trafficking produce either type I or type II NKT cell-defects suggesting the lipid antigens for each subtypes of NKT cells are processed/generated in different intracellular compartments. Since the usage of TCR by a T cell is the result of antigen-driven selection, the intracellular metabolic pathways of lipid antigen are a key in forming the functional NKT cell repertoire.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2013

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential role of the 27-Kilodalton (KDa) antigen versus Fasciola gigantica adult worm regurge antigens in a DOT-Blot assay and to assess this assay as a practical tool for diagnosis fascioliasis in Egyptian patients. Fasciola gigantica antigen of an approximate molecular mass 27- (KDa) was obtained from adult worms by a simple elution SDS-PAGE. A Dot-Blot was developed comparatively to adult worm regurge antigens for the detection of specific antibodies from patients infected with F. gigantica in Egypt. Control sera were obtained from patients with other parasitic infections and healthy volunteers to assess the test and compare between the antigens. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of Dot-Blot using the adult worm regurge were 80%, 90%, 94.1%, and 69.2% respectively, while those using 27-KDa were 100% which confirms the diagnostic potential of this antigen. All patients infected with Fasciola were positive, with cross reactivity reported with Schistosoma mansoni serum samples. This 27-KDa Dot-Blot assay showed to be a promising test which can be used for serodiagnosis of fascioliasis in Egyptian patients especially, those presenting with hepatic disease. It is specific, sensitive and easy to perform method for the rapid diagnosis particularly when more complex laboratory tests are unavailable.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7703-7705
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• 2014

Cancer-testis (CT) antigens are a group of tumor-associated antigens with restricted expression in normal tissues except for testis and expression in a wide variety of tumor tissues. This pattern of expression makes them suitable targets for immunotherapy as well as potential biomarkers for early detection of cancer. However, some genes attributed to this family are now known to be expressed in other normal tissues which put their potential applications in immunotherapy and cancer detection under question. Here we analyzed expression of two previously known CT antigens, RHOXF2 and PIWIL2, in AML patients versus normal donors and found no significant difference in the expression of these genes between the two groups. As these two genes showed expression in normal leukocytes, their expression pattern seems to be wider than to be attributed to the CT gene family. Future research should focus on the expression profiles of so called CT antigens to find those with more testis specific expression.