• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1311-1318
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• 2015

The effects of fruit maturation on changes in the total phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids of methanolic extracts of Citrus sudachi, in addition to its antioxidant and antidiabetic activities, were determined. Generally, the concentration of these chemical constituents increased as C. sudachi reached maturity. C. sudachi contained high levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids at maturity, contributing 6339.5 mg of gallic acid equivalent per 100 g, 2364.2 mg of rutin equivalent per 100 g, and 678.7 mg/ml, respectively. The scavenging activities of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide radicals and the reducing power of mature fruits were significantly higher at all data points than those of immature fruits (p<0.05). In contrast, the ferrous ion chelating activity of mature and immature C. sudachi fruits was similar. The 50% effective concentrations (EC₅₀) of mature fruits were 4.1±0.10 mg/ml for scavenging DPPH radicals, 3.1±0.02 mg/ml for scavenging hydrogen peroxide, 3.9±0.01 mg/ml for scavenging nitric oxide, and 3.8±0.02 mg/ml for chelating ferrous ion. The antidiabetic activity of C. sudachi was studied in vitro using the α-glucosidase inhibitory method. The inhibitory activity of mature C. sudachi fruits on α-glucosidase was higher than that of immature fruits. These results suggest that the content of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of C. sudachi change during maturation. These findings can be further extended to exploit them for their possible application for the preservation of food products, as well as their use as health supplements and nutraceuticals.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2023

Purpose: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to increase worldwide, and blood glucose control may reduce mortality from diabetic complications and healthcare costs. Mulberry twig (MT) has been used as a herbal medicine in Asia, and its antidiabetic efficacy has recently been reported, but research in this area is still limited. This study examined the antidiabetic effects of water extracts of MT in diabetic animals. Methods: Six weeks old male ICR mice were divided randomly into three groups; normal control (NC, n = 10), DM control (DC, n = 10), and MT (n = 10). Streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg/day) was injected intraperitoneally into mice in the DC and MT groups for 5 consecutive days. After 10 days of the last STZ injection, the mice in the MT group were administered orally with MT water extracts (5 g/kg body weight) for 16 days. Results: The MT water extracts ameliorated the swelling of the liver in the diabetic mice and reduced the elevated levels of fasting blood and plasma glucose, total cholesterol (T-CHO), low density lipoprotein-CHO, and the ratio of high density lipotrotein (HDL)-CHO/T-CHO. The liver triglyceride (TG) and glycogen contents were also significantly lower in the MT group mice than in the DC group. The small intestine disaccharidase activity was analyzed to understand the therapeutic effects and the mechanism of MT water extracts in diabetic animals. MT group mice showed reduced lactase and sucrase activity in the proximal part of the small intestine. On the other hand, body weight, plasma insulin, TG, HDL-CHO, and hepatic T-CHO levels were similar in the DC and MT groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that MT water extracts have antidiabetic effects and can be developed as a functional source to reduce the postprandial blood glucose or to prevent DM incidence.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.254-259
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• 2017

The ethanol extraction yield of Liriope platyphylla(Lp) was about 30.7% by extract apparatus. This study was done to investigate the carbohydrate metabolism related enzyme activities effects of Lp in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The contents of serum glucose, triglyceride (TG) were significantly decreaed in Lp treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group, also content of Total cholesterol was decreased. High density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol was increased in Lp treated group. The activity of glucose-6-pase(G-6-Pase) was significantly decreased in Lp treated group. Also the activity of glucokinase(Gk) was increaed in Lp treated group. The content of hepatic glycogen was significantly increaed in Lp treated group. These results indicated that ethanol extract of Lp would have antidiabetic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.252-256
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• 2017

Opuntia cactus grows in the southern part of Korea, Geoje Island, Jeju Island, and South Coast. The flowers bloom around April to May of each year, and purple berries ripen around November to December. It has been widely used in home medicine since ancient times and it has great effects on blood circulation, detoxification, analgesia and antioxidant activity. In this study, we tried to demonstrate antioxidant, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities of Opuntia monacantha Haw., and also grasp the value as a functional raw material. As a result, a strong antioxidative effect was confirmed by extracting taxifolin which is an antioxidative substance in Opuntia monacantha Haw. In the antidiabetic function test, a high level of antidiabetic function was confirmed when compared to that of using a commercially available diabetic drug. In addition, as a result of the antimicrobial effect measurement, it showed a strong antimicrobial activity on E.coli and Salmonella, and proved the excellent value of Opuntia manacantha Haw. as a functional ingredient.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.128-136
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidative effect of Lycii fructus in the Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The effective fractions were prepared as a form of organic solvents of $CH_{3}(CH_{2})_{4}CH_{3}$ $CHCI_{3}$, EtOAc, BuOH and $H_{2}O$ fractions prepared from the EtOH extract of Lycii fructus and The diabetes were induced by an tail-intravenous injection of STZ with a dose of 45 mg/kg dissolved in citrate buffer. The various fractions of Lycii fructus were orally administrated once a day for 7 days. The contents of serum glucose, and triglyceride in the $CHCI_{3}$ fraction and hepatic lipid peroxidation in the EtOAc, BuOH and $H_{2}O$ fractions treated rats were significantly decreased when compared to those of the STZ-control group In addition, an activity of hepatic GST in the BuOH fraction treated rats was significantly increased compared to that of the STZ-control group. whereas, activities of hepatic catalase, GSH-Px in the BuOH fraction treated rats were significantly decreased compared to those of the STZ-control group. Meanwhile, The content of hepatic glycogen and avtivity of hepatic glucokinase in $CHCI_{3}$ fraction treated rats were significantly increased, but activity of glucose-6-pase was significantly decreased in the $CHCI_{3}$ fraction treated rats. In conclusion, these results indicated that the BuOH fraction of Lycii fructus was effective for the antioxidation, and also the $CHCI_{3}$ fraction of Lycii fructus was effective for the antidiabetes in the STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1250-1259
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• 2018

In this study, Momordica charantia (MC) fermented with Leuconostoc mesenteroides (MC-LM) were assessed for the antioxidant and the antidiabetic activities. Antioxidant activities of MC and MC-LM were evaluated using 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS) radical. Although MC-treated groups showed little activity, 47% of activity was observed at $500{\mu}g/mL$ concentration for MC-LM and increased significantly(p<0.05) as MC-LM concentration increased. MC-LM more effectively inhibited the oxidative damage of DNA by peroxyl radical than MC and the inhibition of the strand breakage increased significantly as MC-LM concentration increased(p<0.05). Measuring the inhibition of ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ activity, which is closely related to the regulation of blood sugar, resulted in MC reduced the activity of ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ by 30% at 8 mg/mL and MC-LM at the same concentration by 60%. In addition, the effect of MC-LM on the cell viability of alloxan-treated RIN-m5F resulted in a significant increase in cell survival(p<0.05) in the group treated with MC-LM and a 20% increase in the concentration of $1000{\mu}g/mL$. As a result of insulin secretion by alloxan-treated RIN-m5F cell, the level of insulin secretion tended to increase in all group treated with MC-LM. At the concentration of $1000{\mu}g/mL$, the insulin secretion was increased by 15% in MC-LM group than in MC group. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that fermented bitter gourd has antioxidant and antidiabetic effects.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1290-1300
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• 2018

The glucosinolate content, antioxidant activity, and antihypertensive and antidiabetic activities were measured in a crude extract of Dolsan leaf mustard kimchi (DLMK). The glucosinolate content was low at 6.41 and 7.92 mg/g in leaves and stems of DLMK after 21 days of fermentation. The total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were more than 2 times higher in the leaves (211.7 mg GAE/g, 158.8 mg QE/g) than in the stem (53.7 mg GAE/g, 85.2 mg QE/g) during the fermentation period. The 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and electron donating ability (EDA) were similar to those of the control group after 14 days of fermentation, while the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was higher in the leaves after 14 days of fermentation when compared to the control group. The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity showed similar or higher inhibitory activity in the leaves when compared to the control group (0.01% captopril), and the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity was higher in the leaves and stems when compared to the control group (0.05% acarbose). The glucosinolate content and the ABTS, ACE, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity were correlated, as determined by the observed straight line plot with a positive grade. During the fermentation period, the detected glucosinolates were sinigrin, glucobrasicin, glucotropeolin, and progoitrin. The DLMK extract is therefore expected to be valuable as a functional food because of its effective antioxidant, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic activities.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.32 no.4 s.127
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• pp.327-329
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• 2001

Cordyceps militaris (CM) has been used as a tonics in the traditional medicine. To investigate the anti-diabetic principle of CM, activity guided fractionation was conducted. Hot water extract of CM was fractionated into 3 parts: above 100,000(A), $100,000{\sim}20,000(B)$, below 20,000(C) in molecular weight using in membrane filter system. All fractions showed mild hypoglycemic activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by oral administration (300 mg/kg). The fraction C which was most active among them was fractionated again into two parts, C-1 and C-2 by Sephadex LH 20 column chromatography. The fraction C-1 showed hypoglycemic activity but C-2 did not show activity compared with control in STZ mice. In glucose-fed hyperglycemic mice, fraction C, C-1 and C-2 also showed significant glucose lowering activity. Their decreasing rates of plasma glucose level after 1 hours administrations of fraction C, C-1 and C-2 were 24.5%, 29.3% and 22.0%, respectively (Tolbutamide: 48.4%). These results suggested that CM has both insulin like and insulin release promoting activity and could be developed as an antidiabetic agent.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.682-687
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• 2020

This study was performed to investigate the antidiabetic effect of ethanol extract of Phelladrindron Amurense Rupr (P.A) in Streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of STZ at a dose of 45mg/kg,b.w. dissolved in citrate buffer. The ethanol extract of P. A was orally administrated once a day for 7 days at a dose of 1,000mg/kg. The content of serum glucose, was significantly decreased in P.A treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. The content of hepatic glycogen and activities of glucokinase(GK) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PDH) were significantly increased(p<0.05), and activity of glucose-6-phoshatase(G-6-Pase) was significantly decreased(p<0.05) in P.A treated group compared to those of STZ-control group, These results indicated that ethanol extract of P.A have antidiabetic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.898-904
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• 2019

This study was carried to investigate the antidiabetic effect of ethanol extract of Astragali Radix(A.R) in Streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of STZ at a dose of 45mg/kg dissolved in citrate buffer. The ethanol extract of A. R was orally administrated once a day for 7 days at a dose of 1,000mg/kg. The contents of serum glucose, triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol were significantly decreased in A.R treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. The content of hepatic glycogen and activities of glucokinase(GK) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PDH) were significantly increased, and activity of glucose-6-phoshatase(G-6-Pase) was significantly decreased in A.R treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group, These results indicated that ethanol extract of A.R would have antidiabetic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats.