• 약학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.334-340
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• 1992

Ethanol, total saponin and petroleum ether extract of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer were tested for their anticlastogenic effects against induction of micronuclei by cyclophosphamide and benzo(a)pyrene in mice. Ginseng petroleum ether extract (GPEE) showed the highest suppressive effect among three extracts. GPEE was also tested to compare their anticlastogenic effect against several well-known carcinogens: such as mitomycin C, 7, 12-dimethyl benzo(a)anthracene, ethyl methane sulfonate, dimethylnitrosamine and busulfan. GPEE showed the anticlastogenic effect against most of carcinogens, although there were no significant effects against 7, 12-dimethyl benzo(a) anthracene, dimethyl nitrosoamine and busulfan-induced micronuclei.

• 약학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.466-472
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• 1991

Petroleum ether extracts of panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (GPEE) were tested for the evaluation of anticlastogenic effects against benzo(a)pyrene-induced micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes using mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. When the GPEE was singly administered before benzo(a)pyrene injection, GPEE showed significant anticlastogenic effect at $50{\sim}200\;mg/kg$. When the GPEE was multiply administered for 5 consecutive days before benzo(a)pyrene injection, GPEE showed potent anticlastogenic effect, even at the low doses, $5{\sim}50\;mg/kg/day$. As a control experiment, GPEE was administered without benzo(a)pyrene injection to demonstrate a clastogenic effect of this extract. When the range of $1{\sim}200\;mg/kg/day$ for 5 consecutive days was administered to mice, it was found that there was no increase of MNPCEs frequency.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2001

Kimchi is a major Korean traditional fermented food, as a supplying source of vitamin and minerals which is prepared with various vegetables and condiments such as red pepper, garlic and salted fish etc. There are many types of Kimchi depending on the ingredients and preparation methods used. To investigate the clastogenicity and anticlastogenicity of Baechu (Chinese cabbage) Kimchi and Buchu (leek, Allium odorum) Kimchi in mouse, it was performed acridine orange supravital staining of micronucleus (AOSS-MN) assay using mouse peripheral reticulocytes. Baechu Kimchi and Buchu Kimchi were cultivated by organic agricultural technique, and Kimchi samples were prepared by methanol extraction and lyophilization. First of all, it was studied the clastogenicity of two Kimchi samples themselves (250-1,000 mg/kg) after oral adminstration in mouse. And also to study the anticlastogenic effect of oral administration of Kimchi samples, mitomycin C (MMC, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as micronucleus inducing agent in this study. Dosing scheme was performed as simultaneous (co-treatment), 3 hr before (pre-treatment) and 3 hr after (post-treatment) with MMC treatment. Two Kimchi samples in the range of 250-1,000 mg/kg did not reveal any clastogenic effect in AOSS-MN assay in mouse. They also revealed anticlastogenic effects in post-treatment of Baechu Kimchi (1,000 mg/kg), and in pre-treatment of Buchu Kimchi (500 and 1,000 mg/kg) with statistical significance. The anticlastogenic effect revealed 1 and 6 hr after treatment of Baechu Kimchi, and Buchu Kimchi with 3 and 6 hr pretreatment. Consequently, it is suggested that antimutagenic and anticlastogenic mechanisms of Baechu and Buchu Kimchi in vivo attributed to sipindle formation and kinetic behavior of mutagens such as absorption and metabolism etc.

• 약학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.278-285
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• 1993

The anticlastogenic effect of N-acetylcysteine was tested in vivo in mouse bone-marrow micronucleus assay. The frequencies of micronuclei induced by adriamycin (5 mg/kg i.p.) in bonemarrow cells were decreased by the oral administration of N-acetylcysteine at 12 h before adriamycin injection. The observed suppressing effect was not a reflection of a delay in the formation of micronuclei by the cytotoxic effect of N-acetylcysteine. The anticlastogenic effects of SH compound including N-acetylcysteine, cysteine, cystine, S-carboxy methylcysteine and glutathione were also investigated by the multiple pretreatment. Each SH compound was administered orally every day for 5 days and adriamycin (5 mg/kg i.p.) was injected at 24h after the last dose of test compound. N-acetylcysteine and glutathione showed significantly the suppressive effect at dose of 10 and 25 mg/kg for N-acetylcysteine and at the dose of 25 mg/kg for glutathione. Our study suggests that N-acetylcysteine is capable of protecting the chromosomal damages in the normal cells during cancer chemotherapy by adriamycin, and may act as an anticlastogen against induction of micronuclei by superoxide generating agent such as adriamycin.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.183-187
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• 1993

The anticlastogenic effect of galangin, flavonoid derivative, was studied in vivo micronucleus test using C57BL/6 mice. The frequencies of micronuclei induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in bone-marrow cells of C57BL/6 mice were significantly decreased by the simultaneous treatment or multiple pre-treatment of galangin. When galangin was orally administered at 0, 0.1, 1.0, or 10.0 mg/kg twice with 24 hr interval, together with intraperitoneally administered MNNG, there were suppressive effects in the tested doses. The most marked suppressive effect was observed in the treatment group of 1.0 mg/kg (64.5%), not in the treatment group of 10.0 mg/kg (36.3%). When galangin was multiply administered at 1/7 or 1 mg/kg for 7 days respectively, galangin showed higher suppressive effect in the treatment group of 1/7 mg/kg (23.5%) rather than in the treatment group of 1 mg/kg (13.5%). In another experiment, galangin was administered at 0.001, 0.01 or 0.1 mg/kg for 1 month respectively. The suppressive effects in one month treatment gradually increased with dose-dependent manner, although suppressive effects were not high. The results showed that galangin was effective in suppressing the frequencies of micronuclei induced by MNNG. Our study indicates that galangin is a potent anticlastogenic agent against MNNG.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.92-96
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• 1997

The micronucleus test using peripheral blood reticulocytes (RETs) was evaluated in ICR mice treated with N-methyI-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] as model clastogens. The frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes (MNRETs) in both positive compounds was similar to other results which were reported previously. On the other hand, an anticlastogenic effect of the natural antioxidant, $\beta$-carotene and one of taroholds, galangin as model anticlastogens were investigated using simultaneous treatment. Mice were treated with a model clastogen alone, or with a model clastogen and a model anficlastogen simultaneously. Both $\beta$-carotene and galangin showed anticlastogenic effects against MNU- or B(a)P-induced micronuclei in mice. However, galangin has stronger activity than $\beta$-carotene. Results from our experiment suggest that the in vivo supravital staining micronucleus test using peripheral blood is useful in the evaluation of clastogenic and anticlastogenic effects.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3343-3347
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the anticlastogenicity as well as the clastogenicity of Eryngium foetidum leaf (EF) using the in vivo mouse peripheral blood erythrocyte micronucleus assay. Eighty ICR male mice were fed AIN-76 diet supplemented with ground freeze-dried EF at 0.0%, 0.8%, 1.6% and 3.2% for 2 weeks prior to the administration of both direct-acting, mitomycin C (MMC), and indirect-acting, 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA) clastogens. Peripheral blood samples were collected from mice just before administration of clastogen and at 24 and 48 h thereafter for MMC. Blood samples were collected at the same times and after 72 h for DMBA. Then, reticulocytes in blood samples were counted using fluorescent microscopy. The results indicated that EF had no clastogenic effect in mice. All doses of diets supplemented with EF decreased the number of micronucleated peripheral reticulocytes in all the MMC-treated groups in a dose dependent manner, but significant reduction was found only at 1.6% and 3.2% EF in the DMBA-treated groups. It can be concluded that EF has no clastogenicity, but possesses anticlastogenic potential against both direct- and indirect-acting types of clastogen in mice.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.94-98
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• 1989

Induction of micronuclei by diesel emission particle extract (DEPE) in mouse bone marrow cells was suppressed by pre-treatment with ascorbic acid, ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ or glutathione (GSH). These compounds were given orally to mice at the dose of 1, 10 or 100 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days. The dose of DEPE (200 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally once to mice with the 5th administration of test compounds. Ascorbic acid, ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ and GSH all showed the dose-dependent suppression on DEPE-induced micronuclei.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.106-116
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• 2002

양강추출물 (Alpinia officinarum, 70% ethanol extract)과 함유 주성분인 galangirn은 프리라디칼소거작용과 지질과산화억제활성을 나타내었으며, $H_2O$$_2$ 또는 KO$_2$유도 세포독성에 대해서도 억제적으로 작용하여 세포보호효과를 나타내었다. DNA single strand breakage와 같은 산화적 스트레스에 대해서도 보호작용을 하고 있다. 또한, 마우스 소핵시험에 의하여 adriamycin과 같은 superoxide 우발물질에 의한 염색체 수준에서의 손상에 대해서도 억제효과를 나타내었다. 양강추출물은 galangin을 유효성분으로하여 산소프리라디칼들에 의한 산화적 손상에 억제적으로 작용하는 기전으로 산화적 스트레스에 대한 항노화, 암예방제로서의 응용가능성이 높은 추출물로서 향후 기능성 식품으로서의 응용가능성이 높을 것으로 판단되었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.196-204
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• 1993

Flavonol derivatives were tested for their anticlastogenic effect against induction of micronuclei by n-methyl-n'-nitor-n-nitorsoguanidine(MNNG), and against induction of chromosome aberration by bleomycin or MNNG.belomycin. For micronudeus assay, each flavonol derivative (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg) was administered orally twice with 24 h interval, together with intraperitioneally administered MNNG(150 mg/kg). The result showed that msot flavonol derivatives tested were effective in suppresing the frequencies of micronude induced by MNNG. For chromosome aberration assy, each flavonol derivative (0, 0.1, 1, 10m and 100 mg/kg)was administered to mice orally in vivo, and then mice were sacrificed and spleen lymphocyte cultures were made. Bleomycin $(3\;\mu$g/ml) was treated to the mouse spleen hymphocyte cultures at 24 h after con A initiation. There wre nomarked decrease tendencies in chromosome aberration unless all doses of galangin and some doses of several flavonol derivatives tested. In the another experiment, we have evaluated the effect of flavonol derivatives on the enhancement of bleomycin-induced chromsome aberration by MNNG. Most of flavonol derivtives reduced the incidence of chromosome aberration induced by in vitro treatment of bleomycin followed by in vivo treatment of MNNG. Galangin particulary showed a dose-dependent decrease tendency. Other flavonol derivative showed slightly suggest that most of flavonol derivatives may be capable of protecting the inhibition of suggest that most of flavonol derivatives may be capable of protecting the inhibition of DNA-repair by MNNG. Our data indicate clearly that flavonol derivatives can suppress MNNG-induced genotoxicity such as an induction of MNPCEs. Therfore, our results could suggest that flavonol derivtives may be useful as a chemopreventive agent of MNNG.