• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.560-563
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• 2004

The study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of naked neck gene on mortality, cell mediated and humoral immune response in white plumage broiler population. The mortality of homozygous naked neck (Na/Na) broilers (11.71%) was comparatively lower than that of heterozygous naked neck (Na/na) (12.28%) and normally feathered (na/na) (13.59%) broilers. The humoral immune response was measured against (1% v/v) sheep red blood cells (SRBC) for total haemagglutinin (HA) antibody, 2-mercaptoethanol resistance (MER) or (IgG) antibody and 2-mercaptoethanol sensitive (MES) or (IgM) antibody titre on 7 days post-immunization. The titre was expressed as log2 of the highest dilution which shows complete haemagglutination. Total HA titers of Na/Na and Na/na (11.05$\pm$0.53 and 11.09$\pm$0.38) were comparatively higher than that of na/na (10.26$\pm$0.42). The MES antibody titre of Na/Na (8.50$\pm$0.53) and Na/na (7.63$\pm$0.45) broilers were significantly higher as compared to na/na (6.11$\pm$0.32) broilers. The MER titre of na/na genetic group (4.15$\pm$0.42) was significantly higher than Na/Na (2.55$\pm$0.37) and comparatively higher than Na/na (3.45$\pm$0.38) broilers. In vivo cell response to phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), measured as Foot Index (FI) in mm expressed significantly higher response in Na/na (0.473$\pm$0.05) and Na/Na (0.413$\pm$0.04) broilers as compared to na/na (0.304$\pm$0.03) broilers. The result of present study suggested that white plumage naked neck broilers had better immune response as compared to normally feathered broilers.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2003

This study was conducted to produce the egg yolk Imunoglobulin (IgY) on Vibrio parahaemolyticus from immunized hen with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Vibrio parahaemolyticus is considered as a potentially pathogenic bacteria, the causative agents of the gastroenteritis. According as the LPS antigens were injected into laying hens in order to produce antibodies against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in egg yolk. After chickens were immunized four times in 2 weeks interval and three times booster in 2 weeks interval, the profile of antibody Production was examined by ELISA. The Production of antibody in egg yolk was started in 1 week after the first immunization, reached peak in 7 weeks and maintained until 13 weeks later. The antibody titre in serum showed similar tendency as IgY. No significant difference in antibody titre when the titre compared to water diluted IgY and commercial IgY kit. Purified IgY reacted with only Vibrio parahaemolyticus, but other Vibrio species and food-borne pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, we showed that it is possible to obtain a high antibody titre in chicken with quite low amounts of LPS antigen. These results suggested that egg yolk antibodies could be a good source for production of specific antibodies to pathogenic bacteria inducing epidemic gastroenteritis.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.150-154
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• 2010

The immunosuppressive activity of the Methanol extract of bark of Madhuca longifolia (Koenig) consisting of a mixture of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, phenol and glycosides was studied on the immune responses in mice. Methanol extract of Madhuca longifolia (MLL) was administered orally at doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg/day to healthy mice divided into four groups consisting of six animals each. The assessment of immunomodulatory activity was carried out by testing the humoral (antibody titre) and cellular (foot pad swelling) immune responses to the antigenic challenge by sheep RBCs. Furthermore, the effect on hematological parameters as well as relative organ weight was determined. On oral administration MML showed a significant decrease delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response whereas the humoral response to sheep RBCs was unaffected. Thus MLL significantly suppressed the cellular immunity by decreasing the footpad thickness response to sheep RBCs in sensitized mice. With a dose of 100 and 150 mg/kg/day the DTH response was $7.66{\pm}2.75$ and $6.41{\pm}1.21$ respectively in comparison to corresponding value of $14.50{\pm}2.38$ for untreated control group. These differences in DTH response were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The study demonstrates that MLL shows preferential suppression of the components of cell-mediated immunity and shows no effect on the humoral immunity.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.380-385
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• 2008

Ethanolic extracts of T. cordifolia and C. asiatica were evaluated for immunostimulatory effect in mice against sheep RBCs as antigen by three models viz. delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, ercent change in neutrophil count and haemagglutination titre. Immunostimulatory effect in the presence of immunosuppressant agent, cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg, i.p.) was also investigated. T. cordifolia and C. asiatica significantly (p < 0.001, p < 0.05 respectively) enhanced foot pad thickness when measured after 24 hours of sheep RBC antigen challenge. Both the plant materials increased foot pad thickness even after being subjected to immunosuppressant exposure. T. cordifolia revealed enhanced neutrophil counts, while C. asiatica had no significant effect on neutrophil counts. T. cordifolia exhibited significantly (P < 0.01) elevated neutrophil levels even in the presence of cyclophosphamide administration. Both the plants exhibited humoral antibody response, as haemagglutination titre values were significantly high as compared to control. T. cordifolia and C. asiatica could combat immunosuppressant effect of cyclophosphamide (P < 0.01). This suggests that T. cordifolia and C. asiatica can be regarded as biological response modifiers and can be utilized for the development of immunostimulating agent among plant sources.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 1981

A direct complement fixation test supplemented with procomplementary porcine serum was studied using anticomplementary human, rabbit and bovine serum against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Procomplementary activity of porcine serum varied with porcine individual and affected by anticomplementary antiserum. The procomplementary titre of porcine serum against rabbit, human and bovine serum ranged from 1:5 to 1:40. By means of complement fixation test supplemented by porcine serum, the specific complement-fixing antibody to both tuberculopolysaccharide and/or tuberculoprotein antigen was readily differentiated from the anticomplementary antibody titre.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.403-409
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• 1991

This experiment was carried out to develop a sensitive, rapid, solid-phase microtitre plate assay of progesterone using the monoclonal antibody to this hormone. Monoclonal antibody to progesterone was much higher titre and binding affinity about 10 times than conventional polyclonal antibody to progesterone. Dot-blot analysis of monoclonal antibody revealed a single precipitation band when reacted with anti-mouse IgM and anti-mouse K. A competitive reaction was used with a reaction time of 2 hours. The standard dose-response curve was linear through 1,000pg/well. This ELISA system approach is applicable to evaluation for the rapid assessment of luteal function and reproductive status in both clinical and research in a wide variety of species.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.253-257
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• 2007

Fayoumi chicks were vaccinated with fowl pox virus vaccine and pigeon pox virus vaccine. The protective potentiality of the two vaccines was compared in field condition in Bangladesh. The percentage of 'take reaction' was assessed to conclude its relationship with better immune response and recorded 93.33% and 100% in birds of group B and group C, respectively. The mean passive hemagglutination (PHA) antibody titre after primary vaccination was $32{\pm}14.81$ in group B and $33{\pm}13.66$ in group C. Following booster vaccination, the mean PHA titres level at pre challenge of group B was $46.93{\pm}16.52\;and\;55.46{\pm}14.64$ in group C. The PHA titre of group B and C at two weeks post challenge recorded $93.86{\pm}33.04\;and\;110.93{\pm}29.29$, respectively. PHA titre significantly (P<0.01) increased after vaccination and post challenge compared to pre- vaccination titre. There was significant variation (p<0.01) of PHA titre at pre challenge in these groups using different vaccine combinations, but all the vaccinated birds resisted challenge infection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of crystalline isoleucine supplementation of a low protein, corn-soybean meal diet on the performance and immune function of weanling pigs. Forty-five crossbred ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Large\;White$) piglets, weighing an average of $11.00{\pm}0.07kg$, were assigned to either a control diet containing 20% crude protein (0.64% isoleucine), a 16% crude protein diet without isoleucine supplementation (0.41% isoleucine) or a 16% crude protein diet supplemented with isoleucine (0.64% isoleucine). Reducing the crude protein content of the diet from 20 to 16% significantly (p<0.05) reduced both average daily gain and feed intake. Feed conversion also tended (p=0.07) to be poorer for a low protein diet without isoleucine supplementation. Isoleucine supplementation of the 16% crude protein diet increased both gain and feed intake to a level similar to that obtained by pigs fed the 20% crude protein diet (p>0.05). Blood urea nitrogen, serum total protein and serum globulin were significantly (p<0.05) higher for pigs fed the unsupplemented 16% crude protein diet than for pigs fed the isoleucine-supplemented diet or the control. Egg albumin antibody titre decreased significantly (p<0.05) in pigs fed the diet with isoleucine supplementation, whereas the antibody titre of pigs fed the low protein and low isoleucine diet was similar to that of pigs fed the diet containing 20% crude protein and 0.64% isoleucine. It was suggested that crystalline isoleucine supplementation of a low protein and low isoleucine diet improved pig performance but suppressed humoral immune function.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.211-218
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• 1993

The effect of active immunization against porcine somatostatin (SRIF-14) on somatostation and somatotropin secretion profile in 18 gilts was investigated. Gilts were assigned to the following treatments: control (sham injection, n = 6); bovine serum albumin (BSA) (injection of BSA with bacterial protein adjuvant, n = 6); SRIF (injection of BSA-SRIF-14 conjugate with bacterial protein adjuvant n = 6). Serum SRIF and pST were assayed from the blood samples taken on day 7 after the last immunization injection. Anti-SRIF antibody titres were assayed in weekly samples two weeks after the initial immunization to one week after the last immunization. Results revealed that the immunization protocol used in the present investigation failed to produce antibodies capable of neutralizing endogenous somatostatin. In addition, the porcine somatotropin assay revealed no significant differences in baseline pST concentration, mean peak amplitude and number of peaks during a 24 h secretory period among SRIF, BSA and control treatment. There were also no differences in SRIF baseline concentration, peak amplitude, and number of peaks during a 24 h secretory period among any of the three treatments. Circulating concentrations of pST and pSRIF were highly correlated (r = -0.09). Furthermore, anti-SRIF antibody titre was not detected in the serum of the gilts actively immunized against SRIF. These data, collectively, suggest that the protocol employed in the present investigation for active immunization against SRIF is not an effective method for changing SRIF and pST secretion profiles of the gilt and thus to enhance performance.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 1979

Antibodies to Propionibacterium acnes(Corynebacterium parvum) serotype I and serotype II in normal human sera were measured using a microtitre bacterial agglutination test. Of 168 sera tested, 53 sera(31.0%) exhibited higher agglutinin titres to serotype I than to serotype II and 34 sera(20.2%) gave higher titers to serotype II than to serotype I. Eighty-one sera(48.3%), however, showed similar antibody titres to both types. Antibodies to serotype I(x) and serotype II(y) showed high correlation(r=0.73, p<0.01) and regression equation was Y=1,078+0.73X. The mean antibody titre($log_2$) of 529 normal sera(male 447 and female 82) to serotype I was $5.49{\pm}1.36$, but there was no significant difference between male($5.45{\pm}1.36$) and female($5.74{\pm}1.36$). Bacterial agglutinin to Propionibacterium acnes in normal sera belonged to a 2-mercaptoethanol resistant IgG class.