• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to present the clinical significance of rectus abdominis free muscle flap for large sized diabetic ulcer and necrosis of the foot to salvage limb. From June 2000 to February 2006, eleven patients were included in our study. There were seven males and four females with a mean age of 58.3 years (48~65) at the surgery. All had a history of diabetics and subsequent huge soft tissue defect caused by necrotizing abscess formation around the foot and the ankle. After complete debridement of large sized, infected necrotic tissue, susceptible intravenous antibiotics and wound care were done. After control of infection, confirmed by clinical and laboratory findings, the rectus abdominis free muscle flap was applied to cover remained large soft tissue defect and to prevent the recurrence of infection. All flaps survived and it provided satisfactory coverage for the soft tissue defect on the foot and the ankle area for a mean of 41.1 months (24~85) follow up period. All except of one patients did not have any recurrence of infection on the operation site and could salvage their limbs. The rectus abdominis free muscle flap could be recommended for large sized soft tissue defect after necrotizing abscess in diabetic foot to salvage major limb.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 2004

It is generally believed that amino acids occurring naturally in mammals are of the L-configuration. D-amino acid(DM) are common in nature as constituents of bacterial cell walls and several antibiotics. Recent reports have demonstrated the presence of small amounts of free DM in milk. The presence of free DM may affect the food quality by decreasing the nutritional value. Our objective was to examine whether the free DM carne from psychrotrophic bacteria. Free DM was produced by treating raw milk with Pseudomonas spp. The samples were extracted with sulphosalicylic acid and derivatized with AccQ-$Tag^{TM}$ reagent when the analysis was carried out by reverse-phase HPLC. We tested correlations of the content of free DM with bacterial growth. Significant amounts of free D-a1anine and D-proline have been found in the raw milk inoculated with Pseudomonas spp. The increase of D-alanine and D-proline appeared to be mainly related to the presence of Pseudomonas fluorescens. These results suggest that free DM may be considered as an indicator of psychrotrophic bacterial milk contamination.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to present the clinical analysis of the results of lateral arm free flap for small sized and infected diabetic foot ulcer around toes. From May 2006 to December 2007, Seven patients were included in our study. Average age was 52.8 years, six were males and one was female. All had infected diabetic foot ulcer and had exposures of bone or tendon structures. Ulcers were located around great toe in four patients, 4th toe in one and 5th toe in two. Three patients had osteomyelitis of metatarsal or phalanx. After appropriate control of infection by serial wound debridement and intravenous antibiotics, lateral arm flap was applied to cover remained soft tissue defects. Posterior radial collateral artery of lateral arm flap was reanastomosed to dorsalis pedis artery of recipient foot by end to side technique in all cases in order to preserve already compromised artery of diabetic foot. All flaps were designed over lateral epicondyle to get longer pedicle and averaged pedicle length was 8 cm. Two cases were used as a sensate flap to achieve protective sensation of foot. All flaps survived and provided satisfactory coverage of soft tissue defects on diabetc foot ulcers. All patients could achieve full weight-bearing ambulation. No patients has had recurrence of infection, ulceration and further toe amputations. There were three complications, a delayed wound healing of flap with surrounding tissue, a partial peripheral loss of flap and a numbness of forearm below donor site. All patients were satisfied with their clinical results, especially preserving their toes and could return to the previous activity levels. Lateral arm free flap could be recommend for infected diabetic foot ulcers around toes, to preserve toes, coverage of soft tissue defect and control of infection with low donor site morbidity.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 2015

We evaluated the biological activities of five water extracts of tissue of the mottled anemone Urticina crassicornis. Most extracts exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity as determined by ultrasensitive radial diffusion assay (URDA) against gram-positive and -negative bacteria, including a fish pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila, but no activity against fungi. The activity of the extracts was abolished by tryptic digestion, indicating that protein compounds were responsible for the antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, in a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging activity assay, only the visceral tissue extract showed activity. However, no extract had hemolytic activity against human red blood cells. Consequently, this study suggests the water-soluble extract of mottled anemone to be a promising source of proteinaceous antimicrobial compounds that can be utilized for development of novel antibiotics.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.421-424
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• 2009

Malaria parasites adapt to the oxidative stress during their erythrocytic stages with the help of vital thioredoxin redox system and glutathione redox system. Glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase are important enzymes of these redox systems that help parasites to maintain an adequate intracellular redox environment. In the present study, activities of glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase were investigated in normal and Plasmodium berghei-infected mice red blood cells and their fractions. Activities of glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase in P. berghei-infected host erythrocytes were found to be higher than those in normal host cells. These enzymes were mainly confined to the cytosolic part of cell-free P. berghei. Full characterization and understanding of these enzymes may promise advances in chemotherapy of malaria.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.470-474
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• 1998

A kanamycin producer, Streptomyces kanamyceticus IFO 13414 is highly resistant to kanamycin. Cloning of the kanamycin resistance genes in S. lividans 1326 with pIJ702 gave several kanamycin resistant transformants. Two transformants, S. lividans SNUS 90041 and S. lividan. SNUS 91051 showed similar resistance patterns to various aminoglycoside antibiotics. Gene mapping experiments revealed that plasmids pSJ5030 and pSJ2131 isolated from the transformants have common resistant gene fragments. Subcloning of pSJ5030 gave a 1.8 Kb gene fragment which showed resistance to kanamycin. Cell free extracts of S. lividans SNUS 90041, S. lividans SNUS 91051 and subclone a S. lividans SNUS 91064 showed kanamycin acetyltransferase activity. The detailed gene map is included.

• Advances in materials Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.271-281
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• 2014

The presence of cavities in the bone cement has a great importance for the transport of antibiotics, but its existence in this material can lead to its weakening by notch effect. The aim of this study allows providing a physical interpretation to the cavities interconnection by cracks observed experimentally. The most important stress of Von Mises is localized at the cement/bone interface near the free edge which is the seat of stress concentration. The presence and interaction of cavities in this site concentrate, by notch effect, stresses which tend to the tensile fracture stress of Bone cement.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.284-297
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• 2022

The antibacterial activity of metallic nanoparticles (NPs), especially silver (Ag), has been investigated during the course of time in various chemical reactions for antibiotics free agents. Green synthesis of metallic NPs using either microorganisms or plant-extracts has appeared as a simple and replacement to chemical and physical methods. The synthesizing of these NPs through ecofriendly methods signifies an exceedingly applicable approach for offering economical, preferring scalability and possessing negligible ecological influences. Essential-oils are among the subordinate metabolites of plants and their antibacterial anti-inflammatory characteristics have been investigated widely and are commonly attained from the aromatic plants. The usage of essential-oils as reducing agents in biosynthesizing of Ag NPs bring together the interaction of a vital antibacterial agent that simplify the nucleation and growth process within the NPs formation. This review article is offering a progressive process of Ag NPs synthesis using essential oils along with proposing the most applicable formation mechanisms and their antibacterial activities.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.247-251
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• 2015

This experiment was carried out to investigate effects of onion extract on growth performance, meat quality and blood profiles of White mini broilers. Total of 600 one-d-old male White mini broiler chicks were divided into four groups and fed control diets (non-medicated commercial diet or antibiotics medicated) or experimental diets (non-medicated diets containing 0.3% or 0.5% onion extract) for 5 wks. The final body weight (BW) and weight gain of the group fed non-medicated control diet were lower than those of medicated control group (p<0.01). The chicks fed diet with 0.3% or 0.5% onion extract showed a similar BW to that of medicated control group. The relative weight of various organs, such as liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, abdominal fat, and the activities of serum enzymes were not affected by dietary treatments. There were no significant differences in meat color among groups. Whereas, groups fed diets containing onion extract had slightly lower cooking loss and higher shear force value, but not significantly. The concentrations of serum free cholesterol and triacylglycerol in groups fed diet containing onion extract were significantly decreased compared with those of controls (p<0.01). In conclusion, the onion extracts exerted a growth-promoting effect when added in White mini broiler diets, reflecting potential alternative substances to replace antibiotics.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.75-89
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• 1984

A total of 141 strains of Streptococcus mutans were isolated from dental plaques of 153 subjects. Eighty-two children with caries-experience, 18 caries-free children and their mothers were participated. All isolates were examined for their serotypes by immunodiffusion method with 7 reference sera and their antibiotic susceptibilities to 7 antibiotics by agar dilution method using 7 kinds of antibiotics, and were compared their results by caries experience (DMFT ratio) and by intrafamilial levels. 1. Isolation rate of Streptococcus mutans were greater in samples of carious teeth than those of sound teeth, and in mothers than in children. 2. Multiple serotypes of Streptococcus mutans were occasionally found in a single samples. 3. Of the total 141 isolates (83 isolates from children, and 58 from their mothers), type c isolates were most prevalent (63.8%). Type d,e and f were found, comprizing 14.9%, 10.6% and 6.4% respectively. Serotype g, a and untypable strain were also found but far lower frequencies (2.8-0.7%), and type b was detected. 4. These results suggest that there are no significant correlation among the distribution of serotypes, antibiotic susceptibilities, caries experience and intrafamilial relationships. 5. Most of isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol (100%), penicillin (95.7%), ampicillin (94.3%), and gentamicin (92.2%), but about one-third isolates were resistant to cephaloridine (27%), streptomycin (33.3%) and kanamycin (47.6%), resulting that 91 strains (64.5%) among 141 isolates were resistant to one or more drugs used. 6. Of the 91 resistant strains, 20 different resistant patterns were observed, and the most frequently encountered patterns were KM, SM and CE.