• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1405-1412
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• 2014

Lysozyme is a protein found in egg white, tears, saliva, and other secretions. As a marketable natural alternative to preservatives, lysozyme can act as a natural antibiotic. In this study, we have isolated Bacillus licheniformis TIB320 from soil, which contains a lysozyme gene with various features. We have cloned and expressed the lysozyme in E. coli. The antimicrobial activity of the lysozyme showed that it had a broad antimicrobial spectrum against several standard strains. The lysozyme could maintain efficient activities in a pH range between 3 and 9 and from $20^{\circ}C$ to $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. The lysozyme was resistant to pepsin and trypsin to some extent at $40^{\circ}C$. Production of the lysozyme was optimized by using various expression strategies in B. subtilis WB800. The lysozyme from B. licheniformis TIB320 will be promising as a food or feed additive.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.153-170
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• 2000

This paper presents a study for a development of the oriental medical treatment on the gastric disease caused by Helicobacter Pylori. Helicobacter Pylori is observed in stomach mucosa and it is caused gastric disease via various routes. Helicobacter Pylori is spread generally mouth to mouth by men. So it is related to personal health condition or life style. The treatment of Helicobacter Pylori is an antibiotic combination therapies, but it caused a problem of side effect and drug resistant. In the oriental medical treatment, an immunopotentiation reduces an infective rate of Helicobacter Pylori and prevents a progressive gastric disease.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.280-283
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• 2013

Leuconostoc spp. is intrinsically resistant against vancomycin and rarely causes the infection in immunocompromised patients. In this report, we describe a fatal case of Leuconostoc lactis bacteremia in a patient with biliary tract stent insertion to resolve the biliary tract obstruction by multiple pseudocysts in the pancreatic head region. Leuconostic lactis isolated from the blood of the patients was confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing and this isolate was susceptible against most antibiotics, including levofloxacin, penicillin, erythromycin and cefotaxime except vancomycin. The septic shock and multi-organ failure was abruptly progressed due to delayed use of adequate antibiotic. Using vancomycin as the empirical antibiotics in a bacteremic patient by Gram positive cocci, the treatment failures by the isolates with intrinsic resistance against vancomycin have to be considered. In addition, the prompt and accurate identification of Leuconostoc spp. are very important to select the adequate antibiotics.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.501-506
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• 2004

Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) generated Enterobacteriaceae including Escherichia coli is responsible for resisting antibiotics, which is clinical problem. This study was performed to investigate the isolation rates of 111 strains having positive of VITEK ESBL test 111 ESBL-strains in each month and season and statistically to determine their patterns of antibiotic test. One hundred eleven ESBL-strains were collected among 1,688 strains of E. coli isolated from various clinical specimen of one general hospital in Busan during 2002 to 2003. Month rates of ESBL-strains were 0％ to 13.3％, while the seasonal rates were highest at autumns during two years. The resistance to ampicillin, cefazolin, azteronam, ceftriaxone, and cefepime were 100％ in 2002. In ampicillin and cefazolin the resistances were 100％ during the two years. There were significant differences of cefoxitin and piperacillin/tazobactam between the two years but not significant between specimens. Four groups were divided according to the pattern of resistance and then the highest group had 93∼100％ of the resistance to 8 drugs but not resistant to imipenem.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.902-910
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• 2012

The photodegradation characteristics of 30 pharmaceuticals were investigated by batch experiments using Ultraviolet (UV) reactor. The investigated pharmaceuticals include antibiotics, analgesics and antiarrhythmic agents etc. Tested water was prepared by simultaneously spiking 30 pharmaceuticals into pure water, and each experiment was conducted using 3 types of UV lamps. As a result, batch experiments showed that reactions of all the investigated pharmaceuticals followed pseudo-first order reaction regardless of the applied UV lamps. Among the pharmaceuticals, Cyclophosphamide, 2-Quinoxaline carboxylic acid and Clarithromycin proved to be the most UV-resistant compounds. Contrarily, Ceftiofur, Diclofenac and Ketoprofen were easily degraded by all the UV lamps. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration hardly changed although the concentration of the pharmaceuticals concentration gradually decreased with time, indicating that the degradation of parent pharmaceuticals may produce their intermediates during UV treatment.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.429-432
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• 2012

According to the requirement of novel antimicrobial agents for the rapidly increasing emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogenic microbes, a number of researchers have found new antibiotics to overcome this resistance. Among them, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are host defense molecules found in a wide variety of invertebrate, plant, and animal species, and are promising to new antimicrobial candidates in pharmatherapeutic fields. Therefore, this review introduces the antimicrobial action of antimicrobial peptide and ongoing development as a pharmetherapeutic agent.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.263-269
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• 1986

Membrane proteins of facultatively anaerobic Escherichia coli K12 which was logarithmically grown in aerobiosis and anaerobiosis were compared on 5 to 10% liner gradient gel electrophoresis (Na Dod $SO_4 -PAGE$). Membrane proteins were formed as different patterns between aerobiosis and anaerobiosis. Among them, 91Kdal protein (pbp1a) was not synthesized in aerobiosis and 60Kdal protein (fts cluster), in anaerobiosis. Thereby cells cultured aerobically were differenciated as diversiform cell shape, comparing cells cultured anaerobically and the latter were resistant to penicillin G. Thus it is believed that in facultative anaerobes atmospheric oxygen regulated the synthesis of membrane proteins and even the expression of equivalent genes, and moreover alleviated the resistance to an antibiotic penicillin.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.163-167
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• 2006

Reverse-Phase High-performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) based technique is one of the most sensitive techniques to detect the antibiotics present in honey. In the southern part of Tamilnadu, India, majority of the farmlands are occupied by plantations such as coconut, banana and rubber. A variety of antimicrobial compounds and antibiotics, which have been reported in pollen, nectar and other floral parts of the plant, gets accumulated in honey through honeybees (Apis mellifera). We have collected the nectar samples from banana (Musa paridasiaca) and rubber (Ficus elastica) flowers and the honey from honey hives of banana and rubber cultivated areas. The extracted nectar and honey samples are subjected to RP-HPLC analysis with authentic antibiotic standards. Nectar and honey samples showed 4-17, 11-29 ${\mu}g/kg$ of streptomycin, 2-29, 3-44 ${\mu}g/kg$ of ampicillin and 17-34, 26-48 ${\mu}g/kg$ of kanamycin respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2012

Antimicrobial peptides are widely used in various organisms as a defense system against infection. The peptides are lethal towards bacteria and fungi, however have minimal toxicity in mammalian and plant cells. In this aspect, it is considered that antimicrobial peptides are new alternative materials for defensing against microbial infection. Here, we describe overall characteristics of antimicrobial peptides based on the mechanism of action, classification of the peptides, report detection/screening methods and chemical/biological production. It is expected that understanding of innate immune system based on antimicrobial peptides tends to develop novel natural antimicrobial agents, which might be applied for defensing pathogenic microorganisms resistant to conventional antibiotics.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.50-53
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• 2018

Staphylococcus aureus is a well-recognized human pathogen that causes a wide range of infections as a result of its extensive virulence factors. One of these factors is Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), a potent pore-forming cytotoxin that has been linked to invasive S. aureus infections. PVL is one of the important virulence factors for S. aureus and has been largely recognized as one of the markers for community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus. However, the presence of PVL in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus infections is not widely reported in the literature. Thrombotic sequelae of S. aureus infections associated with PVL expression are uncommon in children. We hereby report two children with thrombotic complications associated with PVL-producing methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. Both patients responded well to antibiotic and anticoagulant therapies, and survived without any long-term sequelae.