• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 2004

Bacillus species were isolated from swine manure to develope the microbial additive suitable for the rapid com-posting. The 3 of 4 isolated strains were identified as Bacillus cereus KD-2, B. pumilus KD-3, and B. licheni-formis KD-4. Bacillus sp. KD-1 was, however, not highly identical with any Bacillus sp. The isolated strains were analyzed their growth rates, enzyme activities, and antibacterial activities. The maximum growth tem-peratures of KD-1, KD-2, KD-3 and KD-4 were $45^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$, $53^{\circ}C$, and $55^{\circ}C$, respectively. The activities of pro-tease or amylase in mixed culture of 4 strains were similar in the range of $37^{\circ}C$ to $53^{\circ}C$ and activities of lipase in the range of $37^{\circ}C$ to $42^{\circ}C$ were twice higher than those of lipase in the range of $47^{\circ}C$ to $53^{\circ}C$. The antibacterial activity of KD-l, KD-2, or KD-3 against each other was not detected. That of KD-4 against KD-1, KD-2, or KD-3 was, however, detected. The organic compound and C/N ratio of compost fermented by the mixed culture were determined as 61.9% and 22.4%, respectively. The concentration of the ammonia gas was 12.35 mg/l in the liquid compost.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 2017

A key virulence factor for urinary tract pathogens is the enzyme urease, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into ammonium ions and carbonic acid. Urease activity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection. In this study, the inhibitory effect of zerumbone against six urease-producing bacteria (Klebsiella oxytoca, K. pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus) and their urease activities were evaluated. The results of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests showed that zerumbone had antibacterial effect against these six urease-producing bacteria. The MIC and MBC of zerumbone ranged from 0.5 to 2 mM and 1 to 4 mM, respectively. In the urease inhibitory assay, zerumbone showed better urease inhibition ($56.28{\pm}2.45-37.83{\pm}3.47%$) than the standard urease inhibitor, acetohydroxamic acid ($40.46{\pm}1.94-22.99{\pm}3.53%$). However, zerumbone did not affect the levels of the urease subunit. These results clearly indicated that zerumbone has antibacterial potential against urease-producing bacteria and possesses excellent bacterial urease inhibition properties.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.84-89
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• 2019

Previous screening of novel antibacterial agents revealed that some bacterial isolates exhibited antibiotic activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and that they showed antibacterial activity, even against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Among these isolates, one bacterial strain, BCNU 1204, was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa using phenetic and phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. The maximum productivities of antimicrobial substances of BCNU 1204 were obtained after being cultured at $35^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0 for 4 d in King's medium B (KMB). Dichloromethane (DCM) and ethylacetate (EA) extracts of P. aeruginosa BCNU 1204 exhibited strong antimicrobial activity, particularly against gram-positive bacteria. The EA extracts exhibited broad-spectrum activity against antibiotic resistant strains. Fraction 5-2, was obtained by recycling preparative liquid chromatography (LC) and preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and was identified as phenazine-1-carboxylic acid belonging to phenazines using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were $25{\mu}g/ml$, $50{\mu}g/ml$, ${\geq}25{\mu}g/ml$, and ${\geq}50{\mu}g/ml$ for MRSA CCARM 3089, 3090, 3091, and 3095 strains, respectively. P. aeruginosa BCNU 1204 may be a potential resource for the development of anti-MRSA antibiotics. Additional research is required to identify the active substance from P. aeruginosa BCNU 1204.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2014

Red pine (Pinus densiflora) is widely used traditional medicine, pharmacological and nutritional values from which the phytochemical compounds are derived. The present study was aimed to examine the antibacterial effects in the absence and presence of a immature red pine cone extract against 13 microorganisms. The components in the aqueous extract from immature red pine cone were identified by GC-MS. About 1.4% of total polyphenolic compound was measured in aqueous extract collected from immature red pine cone. Also, the high concentration of ${\beta}$-phellenandrene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, limonene, bornyl acetate and aldehyde was detected in total ion chromatograms. Of total 13 microorganisms, 4 microorganisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholera, Listeria monocytogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia were effectively killed by aqueous extract of immature red pine cone. The highest anti-bacterial effect was detected in P. aeruginosa, followed by V. cholera, L. monocytogenes and K. pneumonia. In case of P. aeruginosa, the largest diameter of inhibition zone was maintained to 1/2 solution treated cells and slightly decreased at 1/4 and 1/8 solution treated cells. Also, in test used V. cholera and L. monocytogenes, the inhibition zone was strongly formed in only 1 and 1/2 solution treated cells, while K. pneumonia showed the very small diameter of inhibition zone in all concentrations. Therefore, these results suggested that the aqueous extracts of immature red pine cone should be considered as a new and potentially important anti-bacterial substrate to effectively prevent the microbial infection and penetration.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.69-80
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• 2003

To develope natural food preservatives antimicrobial effect of the natural products against food-related bacteria and yeast The purpose of this study was evaluate antimicrobial effect of the citrus seeds. antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts from the citrus seeds investigate against Escherichia coli O26, Staphylococcus aureus 6358, Saccharomyces cerevisiae IBM 4274, Bacillus licheuiformis 9945a and Alcoligenes faecalis. Citrus seeds is containing to moisture 4∼6.5%, curd protein 11∼15%, curd lipid 32∼46%, curd carbohydrate 22∼45 % and ash 2∼4 %, that is containing to flavornoid 12∼48mg% and phenolic compound 22∼53mg%. Solidity content of the methanol extract from the citrus seeds was 0.8∼1.2%. Almost all of the methanol extracts from citrus seeds exhibited growth inhibiting activities for most of microorganisms tested. The methanol extracts from Citrus grandis, C. sunki, C. sulcata showed the growth inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli O26. The methanol extracts from C. obovoidea, C. sulcata, C. aurantium showed the growth inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus 6358. The methanol extracts from C. obovoidea, C. sulcata, C. tangerina showed the growth inhibitory effects against Saccharomyces cerevisiae IBM 4274. The methanol extracts from C. obovoidea, C sunki, C. sulcata, C. tangerinan, C. natsudaidai, C. iyo, C. aurantium showed the growth inhibitory effects against Bacillus licheuiformis 9945a. The methanol extracts from C. obovoidea, C sunki, C. sulcata, C. aurantium showed the growth inhibitory effects against Alcoligenes faecalis. Among this especially, Showed growth inhibiting activity of the methanol extracts from Citrus sulcata that about microorganisms investigated. If apply searching suitable application method about such the citrus seeds antimicrobial activity, role as good antimicorbial material in storage or cooking of food, processing is expected.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.358-364
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• 1999

Propolis, a natural resinous compound collected from honey bees, contains many biochemical constituents and has been used in traditional medicines as early as 300 B.C. Recently, it has been reported to possess many biological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, fungicidal, local anaesthetic, immunostimulating, antiinflammatory and free radical scavenging properties. This study was performed to investigate the pharmacological effects of the propolis extract and fractions on the gastric lesion and ulcer. The ethanol extract was fractionated with hexane, toluene and ethyl acetate. Followed by bioassay on antigastric and antiulcer activity. Propolis ethanol extracts(500, 750, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 mg/kg) showed the protective effect on HCl·ethanol-induced gastric lesion and the antisecretory effect against Shay’s gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats in a dose related manner. In the animal models of HCl·ethanol, aspirin-induced gastric lesion and Shay’s gastric secretion, the hexane and toluene fraction of propolis significantly reduced the length of gastric lesion and the acid secretion. These data showed that the gastric protective effects of propolis might result from reduction of acid secretion through the inactivation of H+/K+ATPase activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1427-1430
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• 2008

Decursinol, found in the roots of Angelica gigas Nakai, has been traditionally used to treat anemia and other various diseases. Recently, numerous biological activities such as cytotoxic effect on leukemia cells, and antitumor, neuroprotection, and antibacterial activities have been reported for this compound. Although a number of proteins including protein kinase C, androgen receptor, and acetylcholinesterase were proposed as molecular targets responsible for the activities of decursinol, they are not enough to explain such a diverse biological activity mentioned above. In this study, we employed a chemical proteomic approach, leading to identification of seven proteins as potential proteins interacting with decursinol. Most of the proteins contain a defined ATP or nucleic acid binding domain and have been implied to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of various human diseases including cancer, autoimmune disorders, or neurodegenerative diseases. The present results may provide clues to understand the molecular mechanism of the biological activities shown by decursinol, an anticancer natural product.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.596-602
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• 2016

Staphylococcus aureus, like other gram-positive pathogens, has evolved a large repertoire of virulence factors as a powerful weapon to subvert the host immune system, among which alpha-hemolysin (Hla), a secreted pore-forming cytotoxin, plays a preeminent role. We observed a concentration-dependent reduction in Hla production by S. aureus in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of isorhamnetin, a flavonoid from the fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides L., which has little antibacterial activity. We further evaluate the effect of isorhamnetin on the transcription of the Hla-encoding gene hla and RNAIII, an effector molecule in the agr system. Isorhamnetin significantly down-regulated RNAIII expression and subsequently inhibited hla transcription. In a co-culture of S. aureus and lung cells, topical isorhamnetin treatment protected against S. aureus-induced cell injury. Isorhamnetin may represent a leading compound for the development of anti-virulence drugs against S. aureus infections.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1039-1052
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• 2017

Endophytic fungi have currently been acknowledged as the most promising source of bioactive compounds for drug discovery, and considerable progress has been made in exploring their diversity, species richness, and bioprospecting. Fungal endophytes from unique environmental settings offer a pool of potentially useful medicinal entities. Owing to the constant stresses imposed on macroalgae by marine environments, it is believed that algae and their associated endophytic symbionts represent a good source of structurally diverse bioactive secondary metabolites. Despite the proven significance of active metabolites of algal endophytes, little have been exploited. This review highlights the latest discoveries in algicolous endophytic research, with particular focus on the bioactive metabolites from algal endophytes. Compounds are classified according to their reported biological activities, like anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. Present experimental evidence suggests that a majority of the bioactive metabolites were reported from Phaeophyceae followed by Rhodophyceae and Chlorophyceae. An intensive search for newer and more effective bioactive metabolites has generated a treasure trove of publications, and this review partially covers the literature published up to 2016.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.478-483
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• 2011

An antimicrobial material was purified from the acidified whole body extract of the jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai by using C18 reversed phase and cation-exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Whole body extract and the purified compound (JAP-1) showed potent antimicrobial activities against a wide range of microorganisms including Escherichia coli D31, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus iniae and Candida albicans, without significant hemolytic activity. Treatment of JAP-1 with trypsin completely abolished all antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, suggesting that JAP-1 is likely to be a proteinaceous antibiotic. The molecular weight of JAP-1 was determined to be 680.10 Da by MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy.