• Korean Security Journal
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• no.7
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• pp.95-124
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• 2004

It can be said that 'the September 11th Terrorist Attacks' in 2001 were not only the indiscriminate attacks on innocent people but also the whole - political, economical and military - attacks on human life. Also, 'the September 11th Terrorist Attacks' can be regarded as the significant events in the history of world, which were on the peak of the super-terrorism or new-terrorism that had emerged from the 1980s. However, if one would have analysed the developments of terrorism from the 1970s, they could have been foreknown without difficulty. The finding from this study can be summarized as the followings, First, in spite that the USA responsive system against terrorism had been assessed as perfect before 'the September 11th Terrorist Attacks', the fragilities were found in the aspects of the response on the new-terrorism or super-terrorism. The previous responsive system before 'the September 11th Terrorist Attacks' had the following defects as the followings: (1) it was impossible to establish the integrated strategy, because the organizations related to the response against terrorism had not integrated; (2) there were some weakness to collect and diffuse the informations related to terrorism; (3) the security system for the domestic airline service in USA and the responsive system of air defense against terrors on aircraft were very fragile. For these reasons, USA government established the 'Department of Homeland Security' of which the President is the head so that the many organizations related to terrorism were integrated into a single management system. And, it legislated a new act to protect security from terrors, which legalized of the wiretapping in spite of the risk of encroachment upon personal rights, increased the jail terms upon terrorists, froze the bank related to terrorist organization, and could censor e-mails. Second, it seem that Korean responsive system against terrors more fragile than that of USA. One of the reasons is that people have some perception that Korea is a safe zone from terrors, because there were little attacks from international terrorists in Korea. This can be found from the fact that the legal arrangement against terrorism is only the President's instruction No. 47. Under this responsive system against terrorism dependent on only the President's instruction, it is expected that there would be a poor response against terrors due to the lack of unified and integrated responsive agency as like the case of USA before 'the September 11th Terrorist Attacks'. And, where there is no legal countermeasure, it is impossible to expect the binding force on the outside of administrative agencies and the performances to prevent and hinder the terrorist actions can not but be limited. That is to say, the current responsive system can not counteract effectively against the new-terrorism and super-terrorism. Third, although there were some changes in Korean government's policies against terrorism. there still are problems. One of the most important problems is that the new responsive system against terrorism in Korea, different from that of USA, is not a permanent agency but a meeting body that is organized by a commission. This commission is controled by the Prime Minister and the substantial tasks are under the National Intelligence Service. Under this configuration, there can be the lack of strong leadership and control. Additionally, because there is no statute to response against terrorism, it is impossible to prevent and counteract effectively against terrorism. The above summarized suggests that, because the contemporary super-terrorism or new-terrorism makes numerous casualties of unspecified persons and enormous nationwide damages, the thorough prevention against terrorism is the most important challenge, and that the full range of legal and institutional arrangements for the ex post counteraction should be established. In order to do so, it is necessary for the government to make legal and institutional arrangements such as the permanent agency for protection from terrorism in which the related departments cooperates with together and the development of efficient anti-terror programs, and to show its willingness and ability that it can counteract upon any type of domestic and foreign terrorism so that obtain the active supports and confidence from citizens.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.25
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• pp.27-61
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• 2010

This study looks at plans for the efficient functions of the current terror response system in Korea. The results are derived from by comparing and analyzing American, British, German, Japanese, and Korean terror response systems. It focuses especially on addressing some problems with Korea's terror response system and how to operate it effectively. The study will systematically compare and analyze each nation's terror countermeasure studying organizational, functional, and legal aspects as standards. This study shows that there is not an exclusive terror response center in Korea compared with other nations such as America, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan. Also it is difficult to expect effective and vigorous operations due to weak cooperation across the relevant organizations. The presidential directive of the state's anti-terrorism action guidelines is legally ineffective. This means that on legal grounds, it is difficult to take actions to prevent the terrorism. Therefore, keys to counteracting terrorism derived from this study are summarized below. In the first place, an integrated terror response system should be set up for expansion of information sharing which leads to emergence effect. In the second place, the superior legislative systems should be made for the cleardefinition and extent of what the terror is, rigid enforcement of investigation, immigration, and keeping an eye on the funds raised by terrorists and tracking down the terrorists, the plan for eco-terrorism. In the third place, to augment security of vital facilities and peoples' awareness of terrorism safety should be emphasized and a cooperative system between civil and government organizations need to be built. In the fourth place, system for crisis management must be provided in an effort to maximize management system of terrorism and unify a decentralized emergency countermeasures effectively.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.116-125
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• 2022

Recent aspects of terrorism varies in various ways according to means, targets, and regions. In particular, the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the United States in 2001 changed the paradigm of each country's terrorism, and the South Korea also participated in the enactment and enforcement of the Anti-Terrorism Act in 2016. Based on this, CBRN terrorism is included in general terrorism, and the National Police Agency plays the role of a control tower, and a system supported by related organizations such as the Ministry of Environment is being built and operated. However, restrictions were confirmed in the organizational system, manpower composition, and equipment and materials in operation in preparation for CBRN within the police. Based on the identified limitations, we proposed improvement plans to strengthen the capacity for CBRN terrorism: establishing a dedicated CBRN organization; creating research organization; and securing additional dedicated personnel. Based on this, as an improvement plan to strengthen the capability of CBRN, the establishment of an organization dedicated to CBRN and a research organization within the National Police Agency, and expansion of electronic equipment suitable for the characteristics of CBRN were proposed. It is expected that the police's on-site response capability system for CBRN terrorism will be strengthened via the proposed improvement measures to recover the various restrictions on the response to CBRN terrorism.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.343-348
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• 2004

Since the destruction of World Trade Center the attention of the united States and the wider international community has focussed upon the need to strengthen security and prevent terrorism. This paper suggests an analysis prior to risk factor and structure for anti-terrorism in the korean maritime society. For this, in this paper, maritime terror risk factor was extracted by type and case of terror using brainstorming method. Also, risk factor is structured by FSM method and analyzed for ranking of each risk factor by AHP. At the result, the evaluation of risk factor is especially over maximum factor for related external impact.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.130-139
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• 2011

This paper examined closely on the application of the private securities to the measures for countering terrorism. It is related to the fact that the role of human information comes into the picture nowadays. On closer examination of the application of the private securities to the national facilities, transportation, and multi-use facilities, it was found that having consistent commissioned education through the private-public cooperation and enacting legislation for allowing armed guard to board ships, making private security guards to use sniffer dogs, placing private security guards in each subway station is required, and the active publicity campaign of the government concerned needs to take place for directing and setting up the system for supervising managers of the authorities and changing the way they think of countering terrorism.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.20
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• pp.271-289
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• 2009

In e-terrorism, terrorists use cyber spaces including the internet in order to strike terror into the heart of a nation. It is revealed that recently happening terror cases use cyber spaces as a strategic tool. This research aims to investigate efficient countermeasures against various types of terror attacks made by terrorists and their cyber networking, in order to contribute to the prevention of terrors from a modern standpoint. Based on the results of the investigation, relevant problems are suggested such that terrors are not cases happening in a specific country only because they take place in cyber spaces, that hacking incidents frequently happen in Korea which is used as a footstool by foreign hackers, and that Korea has poor professional security manpower and foundational facilities in comparison with other advanced countries. Answers to the problems include cultivating cyber information manpower to cope with e-terrorism, making an appropriate budget, setting up networks to integrate and systematize anti-e-terrorism organizations, and intensifying the collection of information of cyber attacks and the analysis of the information.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.195-207
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• 2020

This study aims to analyze how the Korean liberal and conservative newspapers cover the filibuster for blocking the passage of the anti-terrorism act for the protection of citizens and public security by the main opposition party. For the comparative analysis of the Korean liberal and conservative newspapers, this study analyzes how the newspapers used news frame, news source, key word, and news theme. To analyze the effects on news coverage of the newspapers' ideological orientation, this study selects six newspapers: Hankyoreh Shinmun, Kyunghyang Shinmun, Ohmynews from liberal newspapers and Chosun Ilbo, Donga Ilbo, Joongang Ilbo from conservative newspapers. According to research findings, the liberal and conservative newspapers show clear distinction while using news frames when the newspapers cover the filibuster. The liberal newspapers cover the filibuster as a positive political action while the conservative newspapers cover the filibuster as a negative political action. In addition, as key word, "disturbance" is mentioned most by the conservative newspapers while "poisonous clauses" is used most by the liberal newspapers. As a result, this study shows that newspapers are influenced by ideological orientations while covering political issues.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.59
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• pp.217-242
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• 2019

Nowadays, Terrorism has become bloodier. Unlike the past, the recent terrorism has been indiscriminate in the purpose of mass- killing. Given this aspect, the threat of a CBRN attack is the biggest one to modern society. Notably, the possibility of terrorist attacks in Korea by international terrorist groups such as ISIL is higher than ever in consideration of its allusion; crusades and the devil's allied forces. To overcome these circumstances, various measures have been taken for counter terrorism at the state level including anti-terrorist legislation. Under the anti-terrorist act, police have to lead relevant inter agencies when it comes to the CBRN terror. At first glance, current countermeasures would work well. However, in order to respond quickly, the standing cooperations system of related departments need to be set up. In this sense, this article proposed a coagulatory body that could not only consider institutional-oriented organizational restructuring and response but also integrate and operate functions of various specialized institutions. It also stressed that the council should move toward a consultative body of information gathering, distribution and working- level consultation. With this cooperation system, counter-terrorism agencies can respond rapidly, stop wasting their effort and assets by about 30%. Also, they could design the atypical aspect of terrorism into standardized.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.23
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• pp.1-19
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• 2010

As the world becomes more global, entry simplification measure increases many foreigners' entry and international marriage around the low income countries of southeast Asia. Those are adding multicultural phenomena to Korean society, which has a bad influence on public order environment and leads to side effect in society. Since the 9/11 terror attacks, a sudden increase in the threat of terror has been worldwide. Besides, the threat tends toward New Terrorism and contributes to factor to social malaise in Korea. Therefore, this study examines all the possibilities of hometown terrorism by multiculturalism and suggests measures for it. To achieve this, it is required to lead the people's understanding and national participation for multiculturalism. The mature civic awareness should be given priority over any others, which means the understanding and consideration of various countries' cultures and traditions. It is also necessary to inspect the dangers of hometown terrorism. Furthermore, there should be an urgent need for an institutional device to prevent and suppress terror through a close examination of countermeasures system of terror.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.218-226
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• 2014

China has become a G-2 Superpower country as result of rapid economic growth through the reform and opening-up in these days. It expressed its confidence by helding a few big international events, such as Bejing Olympic Games. Shanghai Expo. Though most Chinese people give their agreement and support to the government, there are serious, ill-concealed political problems behind the curtain in China. As a multi-ethnic nation, China has repeated experience of fragmentation and integration of various ethnic groups through her long history. In spite of top-level political leaders of communist party always concern the issues of separatism very sensitively, China has suffered occasional bloodshed terrorism because of erupting ethnic and religious conflicts. Especially there are many disruption and fear due to the bloodshed and terrorism by a minority race-seperatists of Uighur tribe in Xinjiang province. The Uighur in Xinjiang province is very different from major Chinese Han ethnically and culturally. Although Chinese government has presented various policies in order to suppress the Uighus's desire for seperation, they have not been able to offer a fundamental, satisfying solution. Because we, Korean people face the expansion of possibility of conflicts, such as increasing of foreign workers, multi-cultural families and extremists. At this point, I believe we can learn valuable lessons from Chinese experiences for anti-terrorism.