• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1023-1028
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• 2015

Whole body energy balance is achieved through the coordinated regulation of energy intake and energy expenditure in various tissues including liver, muscle and adipose tissues. A positive energy imbalance by excessive energy intake or insufficient energy expenditure results in obesity and related metabolic diseases. Although there have been many obesity treatment trials aimed at the reduction of energy intake, these strategies have achieved only limited success because of their associated adverse effects. An ancient neurotransmitter, serotonin is among those traditional pharmacological targets for anti-obesity treatment because it exhibits strong anorectic effect in the brain. However, recent studies suggest the new functions of peripheral serotonin in energy homeostasis ranging from the endocrine regulation by gut-derived serotonin to the autocrine/paracrine regulation by adipocyte-derived serotonin. Here, we discuss the role of serotonin in the regulation of energy homeostasis and introduce peripheral serotonin as a possible target for anti-obesity treatment.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 1998

This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-stress effect of Soeuminsohabhyangwon on the mice in Cold and Swimming stress.In order to investigate the anti-stress effect of Soeuminsohabhyangwon in Cold and Swimming stressed mice, the serotonin contents were measured by HPLC method in various part of mouse brain The following results were observed. 1. In Cerebral Cortex of Frontal Lobe, the serotonin content was decreased in the Control group as compared with Normal group and the serotonin content was increased in the SHW group as compared with Control group. 2. In hypothalamus, the serotonin content was decreased in the Control group as compared with Normal group and the serotonin content was increased with statistical significance in the SHW group as compared with Control group. 3. In corpus striatum, the serotonin content was decreased in the Control group as compared with Normal group and the serotonin content was increased with statistical significance in the SHW group as compared with Control group. 4. In hippocampus, the serotonin content was decreased in the Control group as compared with Normal group and the serotonin content was increased with statistical significance in the SHW group as compared with control group.Base on the above results, it may be concluded that Soeuminsohabhyangwon are effective to reduce stress.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2002

In this study, we carried out immunostaining and immunogold labeling with antibodies to serotonin and somatostatin to examine the characteristics and functions of the neurons that secrete neurotransmitters in optic lobes of Todarodes pacificus and Octopus minor. As a result of immunostaining with anti-somatostatin, the nerve cells of Todarodes pacificus reacted as similar to the anti-serotonin, but in Octopus minor, only large cells in the outer granule cell layer reacted positively. In the immunogold labeling with anti-serotonin, the nerve cells in the inner grande cell layer and medulla of Todarodes pacificus reacted strongly, 30 gold particles being labeled per $0.5{\mu}m^2$ of the cytoplasm. However, in Octopus minor, only 17 gold particles were labeled, which stated a weak reaction. On the other hand, in the anti-somatostatin case, the nerve cells in the outer and inner granule cell layers and medulla of Todarodes pacificus showed strong reaction, 30 gold particles being labeled per $0.5{\mu}m^2$ of the cytoplasm while the nerve cells in the outer granule cell layer of Octopus minor reacted weakly, about 3 gold particles being labeled per the equivalent area. As a result of immunostaining and immunogold labeling with two types of antibodies to each part of the optic lobes, we found that the reactive nerve cells were distributed differently in the two species. In particular, the degree of reactivity to the immunostaining and immunogold labeling appeared stronger in Todarodes pacificus than in Octopus minor.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2011

N-feruloylserotonin (FS) and N-(pcoumaroyl) serotonin (CS), serotonin derivatives, which have been isolated as major and unique phenolics of safflower seed extract (SSE), are member of hydroxycinnamic acid amides and are implicated in the defense against pathogen infection and insect feeding. In this study, we evaluate inhibitory effects of N-(p-Coumaroyl)serotonin and N-Feruloylserotonin on adipogenesis using oil-red O staining, triglyceride and GPDH activity. we found that while serotonin itself did not suppress differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes, N-(p-Coumaroyl)serotonin and N-Feruloylserotonin inhibited the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, they showed antioxidant effects in DPPH assay. Taken together, these results show that N-feruloylserotonin (FS) and N-(pcoumaroyl) serotonin (CS) suppress differentiation of preadipocytes, suggesting the possibility that these serotonin derivatives can be utilized as an anti-obesity agent.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.230-233
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• 1998

The methanol extract of Asparagus racemosus root was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity on carrageenin and serotonin-induced rat hind paw oedema models. The extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) showed maximum inhibition of oedema of 18.6% and 33.7% at 3 h with carrageenin and 22.2% and 40.5% at 5 h with serotonin-induced rat paw oedema respectively. The experimental models tested, where the effect produced by the extract was compared to that of phenylbutazone, a prototype non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.191-202
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-depressive effects of BanHaHuBakTang-kami (BHHBT) on an animal model of depression induced by chronic immobility stress. Methods: Mice were treated daily with immobilization stress for 2 hours over a period of 21 days. To examine the effect of BHHBT, we performed behavioral, biochemical and histological analysis to measure immobility time (FST), brain neurotransmitter concentration (HPLC, ELISA), hippocampal damage (H&E staining) and CRF-R1 expression (immunohistochemistry). Results: BHHBT has reduced the immobility time of immobilization stress exposed mice in the forced swimming test. BHHBT has increased the amount of serotonin in the brain. BHHBT has increased the expression level of serotonin in the brain. BHHBT 540 mg/kg were sufficient to prevent tissue damage in the hippocampus region. BHHBT has reduced the expression level of CRF receptors in the hippocampus region. Conclusions: These results suggest that BHHBT may have anti-depressive effects on mice treated with immobilization stress by reducing immobility, increasing brain serotonin concentration and reducing CRF-R1 expression in the hippocampus region.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.140-149
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• 1992

Anti-allergic action of each water extracts of some crude drugs was investigated in mice and rats. The activity of hyaluronidase which was used in the screening test of anti-allergic action was inhibited significantly by Amomi Semen, Asiasari Radix, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Glycyrrhizae Radix and Scutellariae Radix. The 48-hour homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(48-hr PCA) in mouse ear was inhibited significantly by intraperitoneal(i.p.) injection of Amomi Semen, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, and ketotifen, a comparative drug of an anti-allergic action. The increase of vascular permeability induced by histamine or serotonin was inhibited significantly by i.p. injection of Amomi Semen, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Cinnamomi Ramulus and ketotifen. In rat dorsal skin, the increase of vascular permeability which was induced by histamine, serotonin or compound 48/80 was inhibited significantly by i.p. injection of Amomi Semen, Asiasari Radix, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix and ketotifen. Armeniacae Semen and Liriopis Tuber which had not inhibited hyaluronidase activity did not inhibit 48-hr PCA and the increase of histamine, serotonin or compound 48/80-induced vascular permeability in mice and rats. These results suggest that each water extract of Amomi Semen and Cimicifugae Rhizoma has anti-allergic action.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.43-45
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• 2016

Whole body energy balance is achieved through the coordinated regulation of energy intake and energy expenditure in various tissues including liver, muscle and adipose tissues. A positive energy imbalance by excessive energy intake or insufficient energy expenditure results in obesity and related metabolic diseases. Although there have been many obesity treatment trials aimed at the reduction of energy intake, these strategies have achieved only limited success because of their associated adverse effects. Serotonin is among those traditional pharmacological targets for anti-obesity treatment because central 5-HT functions as an anorexigenic neurotransmitter in the brain. Thus, there have been many trials aimed at increasing the activity of 5-HT in the central nervous system, and some of the developed methods are already used in the clinical setting as anti-obesity drugs. However, recent studies suggest the new functions of peripheral serotonin in energy homeostasis ranging from the endocrine regulation by gut-derived serotonin to the autocrine/paracrine regulation by adipocyte-derived serotonin. Pharmacological inhibition of 5-HT synthesis leads to inhibition of lipogenesis in epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT), induction of browning in inguinal WAT and activation of adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Fat specific Tph1 knock-out (Tph1 FKO) mice exhibit similar phenotypes as mice with pharmacological inhibition of 5-HT synthesis, suggesting the localized effects of 5-HT in adipose tissues. In addition, Htr3a KO mice exhibit increased energy expenditure in BAT and Htr2a KO mice exhibit the decreased lipid accumulation in WAT. These data suggest the clinical significance of the peripheral serotonergic system as a new therapeutic target for anti-obesity treatment.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.91-94
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• 1998

In folklore medicine Drymaria cordata Willd (Family-Caryophyllaceae) is reported to have laxative and anti-febrile properties along with anti-inflammatory activities. Sikkimis used this plant to treat all these ailments. The anti-inflammatory effect of the methanol extract of D. cordata was investigated against carrageenin, histamine, serotonin, dextran and $PGE_1$ induced rat hind paw oedema. It exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity against all these phlogestic agents except $PGE_1$ in the order of carrageenin > serotonin > histamine. All these effects were compared with standard drug phenylbutazone in both the acute and chronic experimental models in albino rats.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.403-410
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-depressive effects of OnDam-Tang with addition of Linderae Radix (ODT-L) on the animal model of depression induced by chronic immobilization stress. Depression model was made by chronic immobilization stress for 2 hours for 21 days. And we performed forced swimming test, analysis of the neurotransmitter and immunohistochemical staining, measured expression levels of serotonin in the brain. ODT-L has decreased immobilization time in forced swimming test. ODT-L has increased amount of melatonin in the brain. ODT-L has increased expression levels of serotonin in the brain. ODT-L prevented damage in the hippocampal region. ODT-L has reduced the expression level of CRF receptors in in hippocampus region. These results suggest that ODT-L may have anti-depressive effects on depression.