• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.336-342
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• 2015

선행연구에서 Euptelea pleiosperma가 항산화능과 항염증 활성을 나타내는 유용한 소재임을 처음으로 밝혔다. 본 연구에서는 E. pleiosperma 에탄올 추출물(EPEE)의 항비만 활성을 췌장 리파아제 효소 활성 억제능 및 세포실험모델계를 이용하여 분석하였다. 먼저 EPEE는 농도 의존적으로 lipase 효소 활성을 유의적으로 억제시켰으며, 3T3-L1 preadipocyte에서 지방세포 분화, 세포 내 지방 축적, TG 함량 등을 독성 없이 농도의존적으로 억제하였으며 지방세포 내 중성지방을 유의적으로 분해시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 EPEE의 지방세포 분화 억제능은 핵심 작용 인자인 $C/EBP{\alpha}$, $C/EBP{\beta}$, 그리고 $PPAR{\gamma}$의 유전자 및 단백질 발현조절에서 기인함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 E. pleiosperma가 보유한 췌장 lipase 활성 저해능, 지방세포 분화 억제능, 지방세포 내 지방 분해능을 통한 항비만 활성을 처음으로 밝혀낸 것이며 추후 계속적인 연구를 통해 활성 물질의 규명이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2019

The mulberry tree (Morus alba L.) has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. We investigated the effects of bioconversion on different components of the mulberry tree, and determined changes in the physiological activities. Ethyl acetate-soluble fractions of five different segments (fruit, Mori Fructus; leaf, Mori Folium; twig, Mori Ramulus; root, Mori Cortex; and mistletoe, Loranthi Ramulus) of the mulberry tree show enhanced anti-oxidant effects in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylvenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays, and enhanced anti-inflammatory effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, after being treated with a crude enzyme extract from Aspergillus kawachii, in the following order of activity: Mori Folium>Mori Cortex>Mori Ramulus>Mori Fructus>Loranthi Ramulus. Ethyl acetate- soluble fraction of mulberry leaves (Mori Folium) that underwent bioconversion was most effective, and was devoid of any cytotoxicity. The fraction was also effective against mRNA expression of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, $interleukin-1{\beta}$, and interleukin-6. In addition, the fraction was effective in LPS-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and IKK, and $I{\kappa}B$ degradation, followed by translocation of the nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Thus, bioconversion increased the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of the mulberry leaf.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2005

Objectives : The use of natural products with therapeutic properties is as ancient as human civilisation and, for a long time, mineral, plant and animal products were the main sources of drugs. Catalposide, the major iridoid glycoside isolated from the stem bark of Catalpa ovata G. Don (Bignoniceae) has been shown to possess anti-microbial and anti-tumoral properties. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress response protein and is known to play a protective role against the oxidative injury. In this study, we examined whether catalposide could protect Neuro 2A cells, a kind of neuronal cell lines, from oxidative damage through the induction of HO-1 protein expression and HO activity. We also examined the effects of catalposide on the productions of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})$ and nitric oxide (NO) on RAW 264.7 macrophages activated with the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. Methods : HO-1 expression in Neuro 2A cells was measured by Western blotting analysis. NO and $TNF--{\alpha}$ produced by RAW 264.7 macrophage were measured by Griess reagent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results : The treatment of the cells with catalposide resulted in dose- and time-dependent up-regulations of both HO-1 protein expression and HO activity. Catalposide protected the cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. The protective effect of catalposide on hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death was abrogated by zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO inhibitor. Additional experiments revealed the involvement of CO in the cytoprotective effect of catalposide-induced HO-1. In addition, catalposide inhibited the productions of $TNF--{\alpha}$ and NO with significant decreases in mRNA levels of $TNF--{\alpha}$ and inducible NO synthase. Conclusions : Our results indicate that catalposide is a potent inducer of HO-1 and HO-1 induction is responsible for the catalposide-mediated cytoprotection against oxidative damage and that catalposide may have therapeutic potential in the control of inflammatory disorders.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.888-895
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• 2017

솔장다리(S. collina)는 건조한 대지에 널리 분포되어 있는 한해살이 식물로 한방에서는 고혈압의 치료에 사용되어왔으며 선행연구를 통해 솔장다리가 보유한 항산화 및 항암 활성을 밝힌바 있다. 본 연구에서는 솔장다리 에탄올 추출물(SCEE)의 항비만 활성을 췌장 lipase 효소 활성 억제능과 세포실험계를 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 SCEE는 농도 의존적으로 lipase 효소 활성을 유의적으로 억제시켰으며, 3T3-L1 preadipocyte를 이용하여 지방세포 분화 및 지방생성, 생성된 지방의 분해에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 지방세포 분화, 세포 내 지방 축적, TG 함량 등을 독성 없이 농도의존적으로 억제하였고, 지방세포 내 중성지방을 유의적으로 분해시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 솔장다리의 지방세포 분화 억제능은 핵심 작용 인자인 $C/EBP{\alpha}$, $C/EBP{\beta}$, 그리고 $PPAR{\gamma}$의 유전자 및 단백질 발현조절에서 기인함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 솔장다리가 보유한 췌장 lipase 활성 저해능, 지방세포 분화 억제능, 지방세포 내 지방 분해능, 지방분화관련 인자 신호전달기전 조절을 통한 항비만 활성을 처음으로 밝혀낸 것이며 추후 계속적인 연구를 통해 활성 물질의 규명이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4393-4402
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• 2012

Colon cancer is the third most common malignant neoplasm in the world and it remains an important cause of death, especially in western countries. The toxic environmental pollutant, 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), is also a colon-specific carcinogen. Tannic acid (TA) is reported to be effective against various types of chemically induced toxicity and also carcinogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated the chemopreventive efficacy of TA against DMH induced colon toxicity in a rat model. Efficacy of TA against the colon toxicity was evaluated in terms of biochemical estimation of antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, histopathological changes and expression of early molecular markers of inflammation and tumor promotion. DMH treatment induced oxidative stress enzymes (p<0.001) and an early inflammatory and tumor promotion response in the colons of Wistar rats. TA treatment prevented deteriorative effects induced by DMH through a protective mechanism that involved reduction of oxidative stress as well as COX-2, i-NOS, PCNA protein expression levels and TNF-${\alpha}$ (p<0.001) release. It could be concluded from our results that TA markedly protects against chemically induced colon toxicity and acts plausibly by virtue of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.383-389
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 유도비만 쥐에서 발효 서목태의 항산화 효과를 연구하기 위하여 체중 175 g의 SD계 암컷 흰쥐 24마리를 대상으로 정상 군, 고지방식이 군, 발효 서목태 엑기스 급여 군, 발효 서목태 음료 급여 군으로 분류하여 54일간 사육하였다. in vitro 항산화 활성에서는 발효 서목태 엑기스가 높은 활성 및 함량을 나타냈다. in vivo 항산화 활성에서는 발효 서목태 섭취 군이 고지방식이 대조 군에 비해 CAT, SOD 활성은 높은 활성을 보였으며, MDA량은 감소 현상을 보였다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 발효 서목태가 항산화 효소의 증가로 활성산소의 제거능을 향상시킬 뿐만 아니라, 생체 내 대사과정에서 생성된 과산화물로부터 생체 조직을 보호하여 손상된 간조직의 기능을 회복시킨 것으로 사료된다.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2015

Objectives: It was investigated the cytoprotective efficacies of isorhamnetin, a flavonoid originally derived from Hippophae rhamnoides L., against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in C2C12 myoblasts. Methods: The effects of isorhamnetin on cell growth, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were evaluated by trypan blue dye exclusion assay, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining and flow cytometry. The levels of apoptosis-regulatory and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway-related proteins, and caspase activities (caspase-3 and -9) were determined by Western blot analysis and colorimetric assay, respectively. Results: Our results revealed that treatment with isorhamnetin prior to hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) exposure significantly increased the C2C12 cell viability and, indicating that the exposure of C2C12 cells to isorhamnetin conferred a protective effect against oxidative stress. Isorhamnetin also effectively attenuated $H_2O_2$-induced apoptosis and ROS generation, which was associated with the restoration of the upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 induced by $H_2O_2$. In addition, $H_2O_2$ enhanced the activation of caspase-9 and -3, and degradation of poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase, a typical substrate protein of activated caspase-3; however, these events were almost totally reversed by pretreatment with isorhamnetin. Moreover, isorhamnetin increased the levels of heme oxygenase-1, a potent antioxidant enzyme, associated with the induction of Nrf2. Conclusions: Our data indicated that isorhamnetin may potentially serve as an agent for the treatment and prevention of muscle disorders caused by oxidative stress.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1766-1775
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• 2021

Objective: The oxidative stress status and changes of chicken ovary tissue after shading were studied, to determine the mechanism of the effect of shading on follicular development. Methods: Twenty healthy laying hens (40 weeks old) with uniform body weight and the same laying rate were randomly divided into two groups (the shading group and normal light group). In the shading group, the cage was covered to reduce the light intensity inside the cage to 0 without affecting ventilation or food intake. The normal lighting group received no additional treatment. After 7 days of shading, oxidative stress related indicators and gene expression were detected. Results: Analysis of paraffin and ultrathin sections showed that apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) increased significantly after light shading. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay results revealed that the levels of total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione, catalase (CAT), and other substances in the sera, livers, ovaries, and follicular GCs of laying hens increased significantly after shading for 7 days; and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the livers of laying hens also increased significantly. ROS in the serum, ovarian and GCs also increased. After shading for 7 days, the levels of 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine in the sera and ovarian tissues of laying hens increased significantly. Cell counting kit-8 detection showed that the proliferation activity of GCs in layer follicles decreased after shading for 7 days; the expression level of the anti-apoptotic gene B-cell lymphoma-2 in ovarian tissue and follicular GCs was significantly reduced, and the expression levels of pro-apoptotic caspase 3 (casp3), and SOD, glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2), and CAT were all significantly increased. Conclusion: Oxidative stress induced by shading light has a serious inhibitory effect on follicular development during reproduction in laying hens.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2007

Metformin is a drug used to lower blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes via activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether metformin at the pharmacologically effective concentrations affects the expressions of ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase and phase II antioxidant genes in the H4IIE cell. Treatment of the cells with either metformin or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) abrogated tert-butylhydroxyquinone (t-BHQ) induction of ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase, a rate limiting enzyme of GSH synthesis. The ability of t-BHQ to induce glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), a major class of phase II detoxifying enzymes that playa critical role in protecting cells from oxidative stress or electrophiles, was also inhibited by the agents. Transcriptional gene repression by metformin was verified by the GSTA2 promoter luciferase assay. Moreover, either metformin or AICAR treatment significantly decreased t-BHQ-dependent induction of other GSTs (i.e., $GST{\mu}$ and $GST{\pi}$ forms). Taken together, our data indicate that metformin treatment may result in the repression of ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione S-transferase genes possibly via AMPK activation.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2004

본 연구는 건전지나 플라스틱 등 산업물질, 식품, 흡연 그리고 공기, 물 등을 통해 인간과 생태계에 노출되고 있는 중금속 카드뮴을 인간 유방암 세포 MCF-7에 처리하였을 때 일어나는 현상을 살펴보고 나아가 카드뮴의 독성기전을 규명하기 위해 시행되었다. 카드뮴으로 인한 아폽토시스는 DNA분절 현상과 핵의 쪼개짐, 세포주기에 있어서 sub-G1의 출현 그리고 아폼토시스시에 발현되는 단백질 caspase의 발현, 특히 산화적 스트레스상태에서 마이토콘드리아가 손상을 입었을 때 발현되는 caspase-9의 발현을 통해 확인하였다. 카드뮴으로 인한 산화적 스트레스는 활성 산소종이 대조군에 비해 증가하고 이를 방어하기 위한 항산화효소 superofide dismutase, catalase, glutathion redurtase가 감소함을 통하여 확인하였다. 이 상의 결과들을 통해 카드뮴은 인간 유방암 세포 MCF-7에서 산화적 스트레스를 유발시켜 아폼토시스를 일으키는 것으로 추정할 수 있다.