• 약학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2011

We previously reported the protein isolated from Coptidis Rhizoma (CRP), which has antifungal activity against a fungal pathogen, Candida albicans. In the current study, we investigated what portion in the CRP is responsible for the antifungal activity. For the investigation, the CRP was fractionated on a Shepadex G-50 column. Data resulting from the fractionation, seven fractions were obtained. Fractions (Fr.) I, II, and III eluted initially from the column showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of C. albicans, whereas Fr. IV, V, and VI eluted later revealed inhibition of the growth, and Fr. IV and VI showed potent antifungal activity by broth susceptibility analysis. However, Fr. VI was contained in the CRP more than Fr. IV, which led us to select the VI for the following experiments. In a murine model of a subcutaneous candidiasis caused by C. albicans, the Fr. VI displayed a therapeutic effect on nude mice pretreated with anti-neutrophil monoclonal antibody (RB68C5) and then infected subcutaneously with live C. albicans. At day 16, these mice were healed almost up to 78% of the infected area when compared to infected area of control nude mice that received diluent (Dulbecco's Phosphate-Buffered Saline; DPBS), instead of the Fr. VI (P<0.01). The Fr. VI blocked hyphal formation from blastoconidial form of C. albicans (P<0.01), which might prevent penetration of hyphae to the deeper site of skin and thus helps the healing. In the ionic strength test, the effect of Fr. was influenced by $Ca^{2+}$ ion just like other known antimicrobial peptides, but the influence was affected at an extremely high concentration such as 500 mM. Thus, such ion-concentration is considered to be meaningless in the clinical situation. Considering all data together, Coptidis Rhizoma is appeared to produce an antimicrobial peptide that has therapeutic effect on subcutaneous infection caused by C. albicans.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2001

아세틸화 목재를 부후균에 노출시켜 laccase의 생성을 액체배양기와 고체배양기상에서 검토하고 $^{13}C$-CP/MAS NMR 분석을 통하여 목재 내 화학성분의 변화와 치환 도입된 아세틸기의 변화를 검토하여 보았다. 액체배양기상에서 laccase의 활성은 glucose를 탄소원으로 할 때 보다 높게 나타났으며, 고체배양기상에서는 laccase 의 활성이 원활히 이루어지지 않았다. $^{13}C$-CP/MAS NMR의 분석 결과 리그닌 뿐만 아니라 셀룰로오스부분에서도 아세틸화가 이루어 졌음을 알 수 있었다. 부후된 아세틸화 목재의 분석 결과, 아세틸기의 목재내 결합이 목재 부후균 T. versicolor에 대해서 안정적이었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.465-469
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• 1998

저자들은 악성 임파종의 항암요법후 갑자기 진행되는 폐침윤(ground glass & consolidation) 소견을 보인 Pneumocystis carinii(PCP)와 Cytomegalovirus(CMV)의 복합 폐염 환자를 치료하였으나 계속 진행되는 호흡 부전으로 사망하였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1663-1669
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• 2007

Acute transverse myelitis(ATM) is defined as an acute intramedullary dysfunction of the spinal cord, ascendng or static involving both halves of the cord and appearing without any history of previous neurological diseases due to traumatic accident, tumor of all kind, encephalitis and of course excluding all possible viral, bacterial and fungal infection. It is mainly characterized by acute motor disorder of both limbs in respect to which spinal segments are affected as well as sensory disorder and dysuria & dyschezia. The exact cause is unknown, however it is recently suggested that immunological factors are highly involved. It has been reported by several reliable sources that it is often accompanied by immunological diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). As treatments non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDS) are primarily recommended as to steroids, limited doses are injected only with the proper prescription from the physician. Operative methods are not options as traumatic accidents and tumors are excluded as factors. To enhance muscle strength and prevent articular contracture physical therapy and passive exercise is imperative. The following patient whose chief complaints were mainly about hypoesthesia of Rt. lower limb and stiffness of phalanges of both fingers as well as to weakness of lower extermity. Therefore it has been diagnosed as arthalgia syndrome. In oriental medicine factors such as wind evil heat-evil, dampness-heat evil, cold evil cause the arthalgia syndrome. In this case the patient was diagnosed as dampness-heat evil and herbal medicine Chunglijagam-Tang and Dong-Qi acupuncture was applied to treat bladder disorder.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2008

데크제가 지니고 있는 결점들을 보완하여 보다 효율적인 야외사용 목질재료를 공급하고자, 방부처리합판을 제작하였다. 방부합판은 라디에타소나무 단판을 방부처리하여 사용하였으며, 방부처리는 기존의 방부시설을 사용하고 그 밖의 공정은 (주)선창산업의 합판생산 공정에 따라 제작되었다. 두께 26.8 mm, 90 mm ${\times}$ 180 mm의 방부합판을 제작하였다. 제작된 합판은 합판성능 시험 외에 외장용 데크재로서 사용할 목적에 부합되도록, 방부효력, 치수안정성, 촉진열화시험, 옥외폭로시험을 실시하였다. 방부합판은 방부처리로 인하여 접착력에 대한 영향을 받지 않았다. CUAZ-1호로 처리한 방부합판의 방부효력은 중량감소율이 낮았으며, 치수안정성은 교차 배열한 합판의 특성대로 판재보다 우수하게 나타났다. 촉진열화시험 결과, 표면의 탈색은 진행되었지만 치수의 변화나 표면의 갈라짐 혹은 접착면의 박리와 같은 물리적인 열화는 발생하지 않았다. 옥외에서 17개월 폭로한 시험결과, 휨강도는 다소 감소하였으나 내부접착력은 감소하지 않았다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.147-154
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• 1974

Some crude drugs in ancient literatures have been used as traditional therapeutic agent of leucorrhea mainly caused by Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans. Sixty six kinds of crude drugs in ancient literatures and ten constituents were selected as sample drugs. Trichomycin standard was tested to compare with the above drugs. To determine the anti-fungal effect of these drugs on Candida albicans Yu 1200, a test organism, screening test was conducted. Antifungal activities of crude drug water extracts were observed by means of two test methods : firstly through the agar slant method and secondly the counting chamber method which was used for acknowledged drug agents upon the result of the agar slant method. And in order to improve the fungicidal effect, the organisms were stained with 0.02% methylene blue solution. The results of the above test indicated that Fritillariae Rhizoma has antifungal action in the concentration of 310mcg/ml, Coptidis Rhizoma in 620mcg/ml, Meliae Cortex, Scutellariae Radix both in 5,000mcg/ml. Baicalin, catechol among the pure isolated constituents inhibited in the range of 50mcg/ml. This score was based on 50% inhibition in comparison with amounts of control organisms. Rhei Rhizoma, Mori Radicis Cortex, Linderae Radix, and Amomi globosi Fructus showed the antifungal effect moderately in 5,000mcg/ml, and baicalein and pectolinarin in 50mcg/ml in the limit of between 35% and 50% antifungal activity. Staining with 0.02% methylene blue showed that any of the crude drug extracts was unable to stain the cells, but trichomycin in 0.86unit/ml able to stain 12% of the cells. This result means that crude drugs probably do not have fungicidal but fungistatic action.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.305-315
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• 2021

The cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis, is a major pest in Egypt and many countries worldwide, and causes heavy economic losses. As a result, management measures to control the spread of the worm are required. S. littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliNPV) is one of the most promising bioagents for the efficient control of insect pests. In this study, a chitinase gene (chitA) of a 1.8 kb DNA fragment was cloned and fully characterized from SpliNPV-EG1, an Egyptian isolate. A sequence of 601 amino acids was deduced when the gene was completely sequenced with a predicted molecular mass of 67 kDa for the preprotein. Transcriptional analyses using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that chitA transcripts were detected first at 12 h post infection (hpi) and remained detectable until 168 hpi, suggesting their transcriptional regulation from a putative late promoter motif. In addition, quantitative analysis using quantitative RT-PCR showed a steady increase of 7.86-fold at 12 hpi in chitA transcription levels, which increased up to 71.4-fold at 120 hpi. An approximately 50 kDa protein fragment with chitinolytic activity was purified from ChitA-induced bacterial culture and detected by western blotting with an anti-recombinant SpliNPV chitinase antibody. Moreover, purification of the expressed ChitA recombinant protein showed in vitro growth inhibition of two different fungi species, Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum, confirming that the enzyme assembly and activity was correct. The results supported the potential role and application of the SpliNPV-ChitA protein as a synergistic agent in agricultural fungal and pest control programs.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.92-96
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• 2018

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is characterized by increased susceptibility to chronic and recurrent infections of the skin, mucous membranes, and nails by Candida species. It is a primary immunodeficiency disorder that is difficult to diagnose because of its heterogeneous clinical manifestations and genetic background. A 20-month-old boy who did not grow in height for 3 months was diagnosed as having hypothyroidism and he had hepatitis which was found at 5 years old. He presented with persistent oral thrush and vesicles on the body, the cause of which could not be identified from laboratory findings. No microorganism was detected in the throat culture; however, the oral thrush persisted. Immunological tests showed that immunoglobulin (Ig) subclass IgG and cluster of differentiation (CD)3, CD4, and CD8 levels were within normal limits. We prescribed oral levothyroxine and fluconazole mouth rinse. The patient was examined using diagnostic exome sequencing at the age of 6 years, and a c.1162A>G (p.K388E) STAT1 gene mutation was identified. A diagnosis of CMC based on the STAT1 gene mutation was, thus, made. At the age of 8 years, the boy developed a malar-like rash on his face. We conducted tests for detection of antinuclear antibodies and anti-dsDNA antibodies, which showed positive results; therefore, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was also suspected. Whole exome sequencing is important to diagnose rare diseases in children. A STAT1 gene mutation should be suspected in patients with chronic fungal infections with a thyroid disease and/or SLE.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.24-35
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• 2021

Blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum is one of the most significant postharvest diseases of apples. Some microorganisms associated with the surface of ripening apples possess the ability to inhibit the growth of P. expansum. However, the existing literature about their colonization in the stages before ripening is not explored in depth. This study aims to characterize the antagonistic capacity of bacterial populations from five fruit development stages of 'Royal Gala' apples. The results have shown that the density of the bacterial populations decreases throughout the ripening stages of fruit (from 1.0 × 105 to 1.1 × 101 cfu/㎠). A total of 25 bacterial morphotypes (corresponding to five genera identified by 16S RNA) were differentiated in which Bacillus stood out as a predominant genus. In the in vitro antagonism tests, 10 Bacillus strains (40%) inhibited the mycelial growth of P. expansum from 30.1% to 60.1%, while in fruit bioassays, the same strains reduced the fruit rot ranging from 12% to 66%. Moreover, the bacterial strains with antagonistic activity increased in the ripening fruit stage. B. subtilis subsp. spiziennii M24 obtained the highest antagonistic activity (66.9% of rot reduction). The matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis revealed that bacteria with antagonistic activity produce anti-fungal lipopeptides from iturin and fengycin families.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.189-201
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• 2022

Jellyfish is an emerging aquaculture species, farmed for Oriental cuisines and nutraceutical ingredients. This study aimed to examine antioxidative and antimicrobial potentials of various fractions of the jellyfish, Acromitus hardenbergi. The bell and oral arms of the jellyfish were sequentially extracted with petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform (CHCl₃), methanol (MeOH), and water (H₂O) to extract its bioactive in an increasing polarity gradient. Test fractions were assayed for antiradical activities using electron spin resonance spectrometry, β-carotene-linoleate model and Folin-Ciocalteu assay; and antimicrobial activity against 2 Gram-negative bacteria, 4 Gram-positive bacteria and 2 fungal species using the disc diffusion assay. All fractions were also subjected to Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis to identify types of functional groups present. It was found that the hydrophilic extracts (H₂O fractions) possessed the most effective radical scavenging activity (p < 0.05) while the lipophilic extracts (PE fractions) the most active antimicrobial activity, especially against Gram-positive bacteria (p < 0.05). Total oxidation substrates content was found to be highest in the PE fractions of jellyfish bell and oral arms (p < 0.05). FTIR data showed that the H₂O and MeOH fractions contains similar functional groups including -OH, -C=O, -N-H and -S=O groups, while the PE, DCM, and CHCl₃ fractions, the -CH₃, -COOH groups. This study showed that A. hardenbergi contains antioxidants and antimicrobials, thereby supporting the traditional claim of the jellyfish as an anti-aging and health-promoting functional food. Bioassay-guided fractionation approach serves as a critical milestone for the strategic screening, purification, and elucidation of therapeutically significant actives from jellyfish.