• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2011

Dental bacteria can cause gum diseases, i.e. gingivitis and periodontitis, by inducing inflammation in human gingiva. Therefore, the most effective way to prevent and treat gum diseases is the control of the inflammatory reactions induced by dental bacteria. Almost all present dental care products contain anti-bacterial agents to eliminate dental bacteria. However, recent studies report that even heat-killed dental bacteria can induce the inflammation responses in oral cells. Therefore, the method using anti-bacterial agents should be improved for better anti-inflammatory effect and the effective natural anti-inflammatory substances need to be found. In addition, the mechanisms of gingival inflammation should be elucidated. In this study, we tried to find out the mechanism of the gingival inflammation and effective natural anti-inflammatory substances with human gingival epithelial cells and Prevotella intermedia which is well known as a typical dental bacteria inducing gingivitis and periodontitis. In results, Prevotell intermedia initiated the gingival inflammation response by stimulating gingival epithelial cells to release an inflammatory cytokine, IL-8. Furthermore, the inflammation by Prevotella intermedia is related to COX-2, AP-1, and TNF-${\alpha}$ pathways. Green tea extract could effectively suppress the inflammatory responses induced by Prevotella intermedia. We find out the effective natural substance for the improvement of gum diseases by studying the mechanism of the gingival inflammation induced by dental bacteria.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.212-217
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• 2015

Ships and marine structures have a lot of problems in their high maintenance and operating cost by biofouling. A biofouling occurrs by the adhesion of marine microorganism, algae and bacteria. In this study, the aim is to prevent or to reduce the biofouling phenomena through silver nano-particle coating on artificial light-weight aggregates and geopolymer. The antibacterial activity on them is tested according to ASTM E2149-2013a. The test results showed, it is estimated that silver nano-particles removed 99.99 % of bacteria. Specimens were set up in the sea side of field test area in Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) and have been observed for five months. The anti-biofouling effect and difference in weight change rate have been detected two months later after the installation. Because silver nanoparticles inhibit bacterial growth and kill the cells by destroying bacterial membranes, silver nano-particle coating on artificial lightweight aggregates is a well-suited and eco-friendly method for preventing biofouling in the sea up to 5 months.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.1035-1045
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine whether spraying an anti-microbial agent into the slurry pit will reduce the noxious odor substances from piggery barns. For this, a total of 200 crossbred ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) growing pigs with an initial average body weight (BW) of 23.58 ± 1.47 kg were selected and housed in two different rooms, i.e. control (CON) and treatment (TRT). Each room has 100 pigs (60 gilts and 40 borrows). For a period of 42 days, all pigs were fed with corn-soybean meal-based basal diet. Later the noxious odor substances were measured by the following methods. First, fecal samples were randomly collected and stored in sealed and unsealed containers, and sprayed with the non-anti-microbial agent (NAMA) (saline water) and multi-bacterial spraying (MBS) agent (200 :1, mixing ratio-fecal sample : probiotic), Second, the slurry pit of CON and TRT rooms were directly sprayed with NAMA and MBS, respectively. The fecal sample that was stored in sealed and un-sealed containers and sprayed with MBS significantly reduced NH₃ and CO₂ concentration at the end of day 7. However, at the end of day 42, the fecal sample showed a lower H₂S, methyl mercaptans, acetic acid, and CO₂ concentration compared to the unsealed container. Moreover, at the end of days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 compared to the CON room and TRT room slurry pit emits lower concentrations of NH₃, acetic acid, H₂S, and methyl mercaptans, and CO₂ into the atmosphere. Based on the current findings, we infer that spraying anti-microbial agents on pig dung would be one of the better approaches to suppress the odor emission from the barn in the future.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.249-257
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• 2022

Objectives : Aquilaria crassna is a traditional herbal medicine, which is used to treat allergies, diabetes, neurological diseases. Recently, Aquilaria crassna extracts have been reported in anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, various solvents fraction of Aquilaria crassna were investigated on various physiological activities. Methods : According to the polarity, the solvents fraction of Aquilaria crassna were confirmed through TLC, and the activities of the extracts were confirmed in anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, whitening, anti-gout, and anti-inflammation. Results : TLC results showed that ACM and ACM/E have similar patterns and most of the components were transferred to ACM/E. Treatment with ACM and ACM/E fraction were significantly decreased the generation of NO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells. Analysis of biological activities such as α-glucosidase, protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B), tyrosinase, xanthine oxidase (XO) and pancreatic lipase inhibition, showed that ACM and ACM/E have more inhibitory effects than other fractions. Conclusions : Therefore, the results of the present study clearly demonstrate that Aquilaria crassna and its constituents might be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of immune-regulating effects.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2015

Recently, we demonstrated that human serum amyloid P component (SAP) specifically recognizes exposed bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN) of wall teichoic acid (WTA)-deficient Staphylococcus aureus ${\Delta}$tagO mutant cells and then induces complement-independent phagocytosis. In our preliminary experiments, we found the existence of human serum immunoglobulins that recognize S. aureus PGN (anti-PGNIgGs), which may be involved in complement-dependent opsonophagocytosis against infected S. aureus cells. We assumed that purified serum anti-PGN-IgGs and S. aureus ${\Delta}$tagO mutant cells are good tools to study the molecular mechanism of anti-PGN-IgG-mediated phagocytosis. Therefore, we tried to identify the intracellular molecule(s) that is involved in the anti-PGN-IgG-mediated phagocytosis using purified human serum anti-PGN-IgGs and different S. aureus mutant cells. Here, we show that anti-PGN-IgG-mediated phagocytosis in phorbol myristate acetate-treated U937 cells is mediated by $Ca^{2+}$ release from intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ stores and anti-PGN-IgGdependent $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization is controlled via a phospholipase C${\gamma}$-2-mediated pathway.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.543-551
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• 2021

Nocardiopsis species produce bioactive compounds, such as antimicrobial and anti-cancer agents and toxins. However, no reports have described their anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects during nasal polyp (NP) formation. In this study, we investigated whether marine-derived bacterial Nocardiopsis sp. 13G027 exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced NP-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs). Nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) levels were analyzed. Extract from Nocardiopsis sp. 13G027 significantly inhibited the upregulation of NO and PGE₂ in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages was evaluated; smooth muscle alpha-actin (α-SMA), collagen type I (Col-1), and fibronectin also phosphorylated small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) 2 and 3 in TGF-β1-stimulated NPDFs. The Nocardiopsis sp. 13G027 extract suppressed the phosphorylation of MAPKs and Akt and the DNA-binding activity of activator protein 1 (AP-1). The expression of pro-fibrotic components such as α-SMA, Col-1, fibronectin, and SMAD2/3 was inhibited in TGF-β1-exposed NPDFs. These findings suggest that Nocardiopsis sp. 13G027 has the potential to treat inflammatory disorders, such as NP formation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.542-556
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• 1996

Previous studies have shown that Magnoliae cortex and Ginkgo biloba extracts were showed on the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory action, in vitro. The purpose of this study was to evaluate on the effect of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of Magnoliae cortex and Ginkgo biloba extracts containing dentifrice in gingivitis. 70 subjects with gingivitis were divided into an experimental group which performed normal oral hygiene procedure with Magnoliae cortex and Ginkgo biloba extracts containing dentifrice and a control group which also performed normal oral hygiene procedure with the same dentifrice without the natural extracts and completed a doubleblind, cross-over study. At baseline and 3 weeks, subjects were assayed for clinical study by plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, GCF rate, and microbiological study by subgingival dental plaque bacterial morphotypes by phase contrast microscopy, total anaerobes, total aerobes, Black pigmented bacteroides, A.actionomycetemcomitans, A.viscosus, C.rectus, Ssenguis; P.gingivalis, P.intennedia by bacterial culture and immunofluorescence microscopy. After 3 weeks using their respective dentifrices, reductions in the clinical indices of subjects were similar between the experimental dentifrice group and a control dentifrice group except for statistically significant much reductions in PI, GI, and GCF rate in the experimental dentifrice group as compared to control dentifrice group. Also statistically significant reductions in the motile rods and Spirochetes were found in both experimental group to compare with control group, however statistically much reduction in total anaerobes, Black pigmented bacteroides, and P.gingivalis, P.intennedia were found in the experimental dentifrice group as compared to control dentifrice group. This results indicates that Magnoliae cortex and Ginkgo biloba extracts containing dentifrice might be useful for elimination of gingival inflammation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

Bacterial heat shock protein has been one of the components that are responsible to induce autoimmune disease mechanisms in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis due to high level of homology in sequence with human counterpart. This mechanism may explain how bacterial infectious disease, such as periodontal disease, might contribute to the acceleration of the disease process of atherosclerosis. Porphyromonas gingivalis which is a major periodontal pathogenic bacterial species, has been implicated as one of the pathogenic bacteria playing the role in this context. The present study has been performed to evaluate the anti-atherosclerotic effect of adoptive transfer of Porphyromonas gingivalis heat shock protein epitope-specific T cell lines into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Peptide no. 15 with amino acid sequence VKEVASKTND-specific T cell line was selected for the transfer. When experimental atherosclerosis was induced in SCID mice adoptively transferred either by the T cell lines (experimental group) or by non-specific mouse T cells (control group), there was no significant difference in the severity and extent of the atherosclerosis induced by hypercholesterol diet.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.1-6
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• 2023

Dendranthema zawadskii is a one of the popular plants as native in South Korea. In this study, linarin was isolated and purified using silica-gel, Diaion, and Sephadex LH-20 from the aerial parts of D. zawadskii. The chemical structure was completely identified through spectroscopic data including 1D, 2D nucleic magnetic resonance, and HRFABMS. Furthermore, linarin inhibited the bacterial neuraminidase (BNA) activity with 13.5 μM of IC₅₀ dose-dependently. Through the enzyme kinetic experiments, linarin as BNA inhibitor exhibited a typical noncompetitive inhibition mode which K_m was contestant and V_max decreased as the concentration of the inhibitor increased. It was further identified that the inhibition constant was 16.0 μM. Linarin was the most abundance metabolite in the aerial part of D. zawadskii extract by UHPLC-TOF/MS analysis. Therefore, D. zawadskii and its main component are expected that it can be effectively used for the infection and inflammation caused by bacteria.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.43-46
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• 2012

Objectives : Sanguisorbae Radix(SO) is a plant in the family Rosaceae, which grows widely in open fields Korea. It has been used as traditional medicine for thousands of years, as a treatment for anti-inflammatory and it is widely used for throat infection, tonsilitis, conjuctivitis and lymphadentis. In this study, investigated skin antiaging and anti-bacterial by using SO fractions water, acetone and butanol, chloroform. Methods : The effects of anti-microbial on SO fractions and elastase inhibition activity, collagenase inhibition activity were experimented. Results : 1. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. 2. The elastase inhibition rate and collagenase inhibition rate of the water fraction of SO was the highest other factions. Conclusions : From the above results, it was confirmed the SO has sufficient potentiality applying itself to industry and also SO can be utilized as antimicrobial natural materials and antiaging cosmetics.