• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.271-276
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• 2012

To develop antiobese food materials from medicinal plants, isolation of antiobese active compounds in $Yukeuigambitang$ of which activity was already proved in the previous study by animal experiments was performed. Antiobese effect of stepwise solvent fractions from 70% ethanol extract of $Yukeuigambitang$ was determined by the differentiation inhibition activity on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. CH2Cl2 fraction had significant antiobese activity, and n-Hexane and EtOAc fractions were the next. Three phenolic compounds from $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction were identified by GC/MS analysis and one compound was finally isolated by HPLC. It was revealed as a new compound presumed to be one of the derivatives produced from the medicinal plants mixture in $Yukeuigambitang$.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2015

Sodium butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid derivative found in foods, such as Parmesan cheese and butter and is produced by anaerobic bacteria fermentation of dietary fibers in the large intestine. There have been reports that butyrate prevented obesity, protected insulin sensitivity, and ameliorated dyslipidemia in dietary obese mice. This study investigated the effects of sodium butyrate on fasting blood glucose level and serum lipid profile in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed AIN-93G for four weeks prior to intraperitoneal injections with STZ (100 mg/kg body weight). Diabetic mice had supplements of 5% sodium butyrate for four weeks. The 5% sodium butyrate diet significantly improved fasting blood glucose level and lipid profile in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Inflammation has been recognized to decrease beta cell insulin secretion and increase insulin resistance. Circulating cytokines can directly affect beta cell function, leading to secretory dysfunction and increased apoptosis. Thus, anti-inflammatory therapies represented a potential approach for the therapy of diabetes and its complications. In this animal study, the 5% sodium butyrate supplementation also inhibited inflammatory cytokine production in STZ-induced diabetic mice. These results suggested that sodium butyrate can be a potential candidate for the prevention of diabetes and its complications.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.390-396
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• 2011

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a well-known herb that is widely consumed as spice for the flavoring of foods. As part of our continuing search for bioactive materials, the in vitro pancreatic lipase inhibition and antioxidant properties of an aqueous ethanolic extract of Z. officinale were investigated. The total phenolic content was determined using a spectrophotometric method. The antioxidant efficacies of the extract was studied with radical scavenging assays using DPPH and $ABTS^+$ radicals. Further more, the antiobesity effect of the extract was evaluated by porcine pancreatic lipase assay. In particularly, the pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble portion from Z. officinale was significantly higher than that of the other solvent-soluble portions. The results suggest that Z. officinale may have therapeutic potential that may be useful in development of an anti-obesity agent or its precursors.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.103-103
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• 2019

최근 식생활의 변화로 인한 동물성 포화지방, 고칼로리 식품의 섭취 증가와 운동 부족, 스트레스 등의 여러 요인으로 비만인구 비율이 증가 추세를 보이고 있다. 유자, 석류등 천연소재 추출액에는 플라보노이드 성분이 풍부하여 항암, 항산화, 항염증, 항미생물 활성 등 생리활성이 있는 것으로 보고된 바 있다. 발효유로 대표되는 유산균 제품은 장 건강, 항산화 등 다양한 장점을 지니고 있으나, 짧은 유통기간 및 냉장유통 등 보존성에 있어 취약점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 천연 추출물을 주원료로 Lactobacillus acidophilus로 발효한 천연소재발효물을 활용하여 항비만 효과에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 유산균 발효유의 풍미 유지하면서 유통기간을 늘릴 수 있는 가공법을 개발하고 건강식품 소재 개발 및 산업화를 통하여 국민의 건강 증진을 도모하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 천연소재 프로바이오틱스 발효물을 제조하여 세포독성, NO생성 억제능, 항비만 활성, 관능검사를 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 천연소재 추출물 및 천연소재추출발효혼합물을 각각 10, 50, 100, $500{\mu}g/mL$의 농도로 처리한 시험구들의 세포생존율을 측정한 결과 가장 고농도인 $500{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 각각 96.2, 95.1, 97.3, 96.2, 98.1, 97.0 %로 확인되어, 높은 수준의 안전성이 확인되었다. 천연소재 추출물 및 천연소재추출발효혼합물의 항염증효과를 분석하고자 수행한 Nitrite 생성저해 효과를 분석한 결과, NO 생성율은 $500{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 각각 98.1, 98.2, 96.2, 97.3, 91.2, 95.3 %로 확인되어 시험구 D의 항염증 활성이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 동일한 농도로 처리하였을 때 lipid accumulation은 각각 100.0, 99.1, 98.2, 98.5, 87.6, 91.8 %로 나타나 D시험구와 E시험구에서 지방세포 분화억제효과가 확인되었다. 관능검사 시행 결과, 농축비율에 따른 관능적 기호도는 5 brix > 3 brix > 1 brix > 10 brix 순으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.5-5
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• 2019

DMZ는 살아있는 생물다양성의 보고로 지난 60여년동안 자연적으로 재생이 일어나고 환경적인 강제 보존 영향으로 높은 생태학적인 가치가 유지되고 있으며, 최근에는 남북교류에 대한 활발한 의지로 DMZ생태자원의 남북공동활용 방안에 대한 이슈가 급부상하고 있다. 이에 본 연구진은 3년전부터 DMZ에서 자생하는 식물에 대한 조사를 진행하여 총 200여종 이상의 자생식물의 표본과 추출물들을 보유하고 있으며, 이 추출물들을 활용 in vitro 와 in vivo 평가를 통해 비임상 평가에서 유효한 효과를 나타내는 후보물질들을 다수 찾아낼 수 있었다. 그 중 조팝나무(Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora)는 쌍떡잎식물 장미과에 속하는 낙엽활엽관목으로 동북아시아 지역에 널리 분포되며 우리나라에서는 중부지방에 주로 서식한다고 알려져 있다. 예로부터 해열 및 소염, 신경통완화 치료등에 이용해왔다고 알려져 있으며 그 속에는 다양한 terpenoids, flavonoid 및 phenolic 화합물이 다량 함유되어 있다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 조팝나무 추출물을 이용하여 전구지방세포에서의 지방세포분화 억제 및 관련 유전자들의 활성을 확인한 후 고지방식이로 유도된 high-fat diet mouse model을 이용하여 체지방 감소 및 내장지방감소, 간 조직내의 지방량 감소등을 확인하였으며, 혈액분석을 통해 총콜레스테롤과 고중성지방등 동맥경화와 심혈관계 질환을 유도시킬수 있는 지표들에서 억제 활성도 확인하였다. 특히 내장 지방의 경우는 Micro-CT를 통해 정밀한 분석을 진행하였고, 체지방뿐만 아니라 전체 체중감소도 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 현재 실험을 통해 적출된 간 조직과 지방조직을 이용하여 항 비만 활성의 작용기전을 지속적으로 확인하고 있으며, 이 결과는 국제적인 연구저널에 보고되어 향후 체지방 감소 또는 항 비만 치료제로 개발되는 비임상 연구자료로 활용될 계획이다. 이미 조팝나무에 대한 연구결과는 특허로 출원이 완료되어 PCT출원까지 진행중에 있으며 개별인정형 건강기능식품 개발 기업에 기술이전이 될 예정이다. 또한 원활한 원료 수급을 위해 기초단체 소속 농업기술센터와 원료 재배 및 대량 수급에 관한 논의를 마친 상태로 접경지역 근처 농가소득 증대로도 이어지는 제품화 사례이기도 하다. 이는 접경지역에서 자생하는 원료의 활성을 과학적으로 검증하여 기업과의 연계를 통해 기초시군 단체의 농가 소득과도 연계한 우수한 제품개발 사례로 향후에도 이와 같은 연구성과가 지속적으로 도출되기를 기대해본다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.5
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• pp.937-949
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• 2022

Health concern of dogs is the most important issue for pet owners. People who have companied the dogs long-term provide the utmost cares for their well-being and healthy life. Recently, it was revealed that the population and types of gut microbiota affect the metabolism and immunity of the host. However, there is little information on the gut microbiome of dogs. Hericium erinaceus (H. erinaceus; HE) is one of the well-known medicinal mushrooms and has multiple bioactive components including polyphenol, β-glucan, polysaccharides, ergothioneine, hericerin, erinacines, etc. Here we tested a pet food that contained H. erinaceus for improvement in the gut microbiota environment of aged dogs. A total of 18 dogs, each 11 years old, were utilized. For sixteen weeks, the dogs were fed with 0.4 g of H. erinaceus (HE-L), or 0.8 g (HE-H), or without H. erinaceus (CON) per body weight (kg) with daily diets (n = 6 per group). Taxonomic analysis was performed using metagenomics to investigate the difference in the gut microbiome. Resulting from principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) to confirm the distance difference between the groups, there was a significant difference between HE-H and CON due to weighted Unique fraction metric (Unifrac) distance (p = 0.047), but HE-L did not have a statistical difference compared to that of CON. Additionally, the result of Linear discriminate analysis of effect size (LEfSe) showed that phylum Bacteroidetes in HE-H and its order Bacteroidales increased, compared to that of CON, Additionally, phylum Firmicutes in HE-H, and its genera (Streptococcus, Tyzzerella) were reduced. Furthermore, at the family level, Campylobacteraceae and its genus Campylobacter in HE-H was decreased compared to that of CON. Summarily, our data demonstrated that the intake of H. erinaceus can regulate the gut microbial community in aged dogs, and an adequate supply of HE on pet diets would possibly improve immunity and anti-obesity on gut-microbiota in dogs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.642-650
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• 2016

Cynanchi wilfordii Radix (CW) and Perilla sikokiana (PS) were extracted under different conditions to study their antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity activities. Their potentials as functional food ingredients were investigated. The highest total phenol contents were $15.74{\pm}0.69mg/g$ for CW100 [100% fermented ethanol (FE) extract from CW] and $39.37{\pm}3.46mg/g$ for PS50 (50% FE extract from PS). When extracts were processed at 1 mg/mL, DPPH radical scavenging activities were $79.79{\pm}0.79%$ and $82.69{\pm}1.07%$, respectively, at CW100 and PS50. ABTS radical scavenging activities were $80.20{\pm}2.86%$ and $75.00{\pm}1.78%$, respectively, at CW100 and PS50. However, ferric reducing antioxidant power activities at 1 mg/mL were higher than 80% for PS under all extraction conditions. The highest ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activities were $51.56{\pm}0.56{\sim}59.2{\pm}1.13%$ at CW50 and $46.70{\pm}0.32{\sim}66.17{\pm}0.55%$ at PS0. Cell differentiation inhibitory effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were $29.49{\pm}2.98%$ at CW100 and $23.31{\pm}0.61%$ at PS50. The inhibitory effect of the CW100-PS50 mixture was $43.03{\pm}1.63%$, which was significantly higher than those of individual extracts.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.908-914
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• 2012

To investigate the difference and change of ingredient and efficacy of Galgeun-tang (GGT) according to extraction solvent, water and 70% EtOH, the quantities of index components and the several in vitro activities of two kinds of GGT extract were compared. The contents of extracts were analyzed with HPLC. The biological activities such as anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects were measured through cell line-based in vitro assay. The cytotoxicity was measured by CCK-8 assay in RAW 264.7 cell, BEAS-2B cell, HaCaT cell and 3T3-L1 cell. We compared effects of two kinds of extract by measuring NO, PGE2, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ in RAW264.7 cell, RANTES in BEAS-2B cell, MDC and RANTES in HaCaT cell and GPDH activity and leptin level in differentiated 3T3-L1. 70% EtOH extract of GGT contained more compositions than water extract. The inhibitory effect of water extract of GGT on NO in RAW 264.7 cell and GPDH activity in 3T3-L1 was stronger than that of 70% EtOH. 70% EtOH has a stronger inhibitory effect on PGE2 in RAW264.7 cell, RANTES in BEAS-2B cell, MDC, RANTES in HaCaT cell, leptin in 3T3-L1 cell than water extraction. These results suggest that the ingredient and efficacy from 70% EtOH extract of GGT are more effective than water extract.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2013

The anti-obesity effects of fermented black bean were tested with mice fed a high fat diet for seven weeks. Body weight gain and feed efficiency ratio (FER) in the high fat diet control (HC) group were markedly higher, compared with those of the normal control (NC) group, but were significantly lower in the 2% black bean powder supplemented high fat diet (BB) group and 2% black bean powder fermented by M. pilosus supplemented high fat diet (BBM) group, compared with those of the HC group. Food intake in the HC and BB groups was significantly lower than that of the NC and BBM groups. Water intake in the HC group was significantly lower than that of the NC group, but was higher in the BB and BBM groups, compared with that of the HC group. On the other hand, relative liver and kidney weight in the HC group was lower than that of the NC group, but was higher in the BB and BBM groups, compared with that of the HC group. In addition, whereas epididymal fat weight in the HC group was markedly higher than that of the NC group, it was significantly lower in the BB and BBM groups, compared with that of the HC group. Meanwhile, hepatic GSH in the HC group was significantly lower than that of the NC group, but was slightly higher in the BB and BBM groups, compared with that of the HC group. Although hepatic LPO in the HC group was dramatically higher than that of the NC group, it was significantly lower in the BB and BBM groups, compared with that of the HC group. In addition, serum TG, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol in the HC group was significantly higher than that of the NC group, but was significantly lower in the BB and BBM groups, compared with that of the HC group. On the contrary, HDL-cholesterol in the HC group was significantly lower than that of the NC group, but was higher in the BB and BBM groups, compared with that of the HC group. In addition, activity of XOR D type in the HC group was lower than that of the NC group, but was slightly higher in the BB and BBM groups, compared with that of the NC group. Activities of ROS scavenging enzymes, such as SOD, GPX, and GST in the HC group were significantly lower than those of the NC group, but were significantly higher in the BB and BBM groups, compared with those of the HC group. In addition, serum ALT activity in the HC and BB groups was higher than that of the NC group, but was significantly lower in the BB and BBM groups, compared with that of the HC group. In histopathological findings, hepatic fat accumulation in the HC group was higher than that of the NC group, but was lower in the BBM group, compared with that of the HC and BB groups. In particular, antiobese, hypolipidemic, and antifatty liver effect of black bean powder fermented by M. pilosus was specifically higher than that of non-fermented steamed black bean. In conclusion, the constituents of black bean fermented by Monascus pilosus have been proven to not only inhibit obesity and hyperlipidemia but also decrease hepatic fat accumulation in high fat diet-induced obese mice.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.103-108
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• 2010

To obtain the best yield of the beneficial ingredients in green tea, such as catechins, green tea powder is most often prepared by ethyl alcohol extraction. However, the taste, cost and composition of ethyl alcohol extract is different from aqueous spray-dried green tea extract (aq-GTE). Specifically, aq-GTE has a better flavor, lower production costs and higher purity when compared to ethyl alcohol extract. In this study, we elucidated the effect of aq-GTE on diet-induced obesity in male C57BL/6J mice following dose-dependent oral administration of aq-GTE. After eight weeks, the body weight was reduced by 13-17% in mice fed 200 mg/kg bw aq-GTE ($12.468{\pm}0.45\;g$; p<0.05) and 20-25% in mice fed 400 mg/kg bw aq-GTE ($11.259{\pm}0.61\;g$; p<0.05) when compared with the high-fat diet (HFD) control group mice ($14.714{\pm}0.95\;g$; p<0.05). The correlation between epididymal fat accumulation and body weight also decreased by approximately 26.6% (p<0.05) in mice fed a HFD with aq-GTE 400 mg/kg bw. Finally, serum parameters such as the triglyceride, glucose and cholesterol levels in the HFD groups were reduced by the aq-GTE 400 mg/kg bw diet. Analysis on glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, blood urea nitrogen and development of hepatic steatosis revealed no histologic evidence of hepatotoxicity in HFD mice fed aq-GTE. Overall, our results imply that aq-GTE is able to regulate body weight and fat accumulation in mice.