• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.215-227
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate Korea's Honam express train's first- and second-class seat discomfort by using pressure measurement, subjective discomfort rating, and physical compatibility. Background: Over the years, the demand for an express train service is continually increasing. A comfortable ride is important to achieving passenger satisfaction. A train seat plays a significant role in fulfilling passenger seating comfort. With this in view, a field survey and pressure measurements were performed on the selected train seat. Method: The pressure ratio at the body-seat interface (thigh and buttock regions) was measured by the pressure mat system. The interface pressure ratio was calculated and compared. The subjective discomfort rating scale was used to evaluate the subjects' overall feeling. The dimensions of train seats were analysed according to the anthropometric and demographic characteristics of the population data from Size Korea. Results: The results highlighted that the interface pressure ratio was greater while participants sat on the second-class seat than the first-class seat in the left- and right-side thigh regions. Also the pressure ratio was greater for the participants in the 1st~25th percentile height groups (149.8~160.8cm). The subjects rated higher discomfort for the second-class seat than the first-class seat. The physical compatibility results showed that the second-class seat's breadth was inadequate for the 95th and 99th percentile male. Conclusion: Overall, interface pressure measurement, subjective discomfort score and physical compatibility results showed that the second-class seat was more uncomfortable for the passengers than the first-class seat. Application: The adopted methodologies could be used to measure the seating comfort of the train seats.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.93-106
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to develop the pattern of bodysuit and to identify the wear fitness of it The methods of statistical analysis applied to the study were ANOVA and cluster analysis. The materials used in making bodysuit were Nylon/Polyurethane, lace, power net, binding tape, and hook eye. The try-on test was administered in two aspects ; (1) the comparison of anthropometric data before and after trying on the experimentally constructed bodysuit with those of marketing bodysuit, (2) the sensory evaluation to estimate the wear fitness in terms of appearance and motion function. The conclusions obtained are as follows ; 1. In the survey of wearing state, 52.2% of respondents had experience of wearing bodysuit. 60.6% of them responded to the item, “well-balanced body” in the question about the purpose of wearing it. 55.7% considered the item, “feel choky in the chest” as uncomfortable point in putting on bodysuit. 48.3% felt the portion of crotch drawn above in taking exercise or behaving routinely in everyday life. 2. As for the characteristics of the bodysuit design, the scooped neckline and horizontal outline without wire in lower bust was used, the adjust point being located right above the perineum point, and the length of bodysuit is as far as trochanteric point. 3. In comparing anthropometric data of the subjects, there was significant difference in the height of lower bust the distance around abdomen, and the length of bust point(right, left) between the experimentally constructed bodysuit and the marketing bodysuit. 4. Concerning the results of the try-on test in appearance, the estimates of expert panel, which were in agreement with those of subjects in mean value and composite reliability coefficient, showed that the pattern fitness of experimentally designed bodysuit was higher than that of marketing bodysuit. 5. To take try-on test in motion function, motion was classified the five steps. The results of the test showed that experimentally designed bodysuit was fitter in each steps of motion than marketing bodysuit.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.156-162
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and correlation of anthropometric data, eating behaviors, and nutrient intake on the bone mineral density(BMD) of female college students. 349 female college students were surveyed and their age, height, and weight were an average of 20.5 years, 163.2 cm and 54.0 kg, respectively. Their average BMI was 20.2, with 66% falling in the normal range, 21.8% classified as underweight, 8.0% as overweight, and obese individuals comprised 3.4% of the sample by BMI classification. Calcaneal BMD was measured and the average T-score was 0.117. The results of BMD measurements were normal in 268 people(76.8%), osteopenia was found in 71 individuals(20.3%), and osteoporosis in 10(2.9%), respectively. There was a significant difference in bone mineral density according to height(p<0.05) and BMI (p<0.01). There were significant differences between BMD and eating behavior, regularity of eating behaviors(p<0.05), instant food intake(p<0.05), eating out(p<0.05) and nutritional supplement intake(p<0.05). In addition, normal the group with normal BMD had a more desirable eating behavior compared to the osteopenia and osteoporosis afflicted groups. BMD had a significant difference according to the nutrient intake of calcium(p<0.05), vitamin A(p<0.05), and vitamin C(p<0.05). In conclusion, BMD showed a good correlation with height(p<0.01), BMI(p<0.01), body composition including total body water(p<0.05), FFM(p<0.05), body protein(p<0.05) and intake of calcium(p<0.05), iron(p<0.05), vitamin A(p<0.05), and vitamin C(p<0.05). Therefore, an education plan and training on balanced diets proper body weight control, and desirable eating behaviors for female college students will be needed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.405-422
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is provide reference data for anthropometry and body composition and also to compare body fat estimation among skinfold thickness, BIA and NIR methods. Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, eight sites of skinfolds and six sites of circumferences were taken from 76 elderly male and 153 elderly female. Skinfold thicknesses, body composition and circumferences except waist were lowered with advancing age in elderly females and males. The degree of change with age vaired among parameters but was consistently and significantly(p<0.05) greater in elderly females than I males. Although sum of skinfold thicknesses and the amount of central and peripheral fat were significantly higher in females than that of males, the ratio of central fat to peripheral fat was significantly greater in males than in females. WHR is also significantly higher in males than that of females. This indicates that fat distribution of males tend to be centralized toward the trunk of the body than females. Estimation of body fat from skinfold thickness(male : 18.5$\pm$4.1$\%$, female : 29.7$\pm$4.0$\%$) and BIA(male : 19.5$\pm$7.3$\%$, female : 29.6$\pm$6.7$\%$) were similar but were significantly different from NIR method(male : 24.7$\pm$5.6$\%$, 34.8$\pm$4.9$\%$). Estimation of body fat by NIR measurement seemed to be more overestimated. Understanding the normal changes in body composition with increasing old age, and the ability to measure these changes and compare them with appropriate reference data are important for the health of the elderly.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.670-681
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• 2017

Firefighting hoods protect the head, face, and neck areas of officials while they perform firefighting services. The purpose of this study is to investigate the head size of Korean firefighting officials in order to establish the dimensions necessary to construct firefighting hoods. A total of 98 male firefighting officials participated in this study and 11 body dimensions, necessary for the construction of firefighting hoods, were measured. The data collected from the firefighting officials were compared to the general adult male data from the Size Korea national anthropometric study. The heights, weights, head circumferences, head heights, and bitragion arcs of the firefighters were significantly larger than those of general adult males, which shows that firefighting officials generally have larger body and head sizes than general adult males. Based on the results of Pearson's correlation coefficients, head circumference and head height were judged to be the important measurements for the construction of the firefighting hoods. Thus, these two measurements were chosen as the basic dimensions of the cross tabulation analysis. As a result, head circumferences of 57.00~60.99cm and head heights of 23.00~25.99 cm were found to be important measurement ranges among the firefighters. This study is expected to be used as the basis for the creation of firefighting hoods that help to ensure the safe rescue activities for firefighting officials.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.246-259
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• 2010

The incidence of chronic disease is continuously increasing in Korea. Especially, office workers have higher risk of chronic disease because of their dietary habit and lifestyle. The study aimed to investigate the effect of tailored nutrition counseling on improving chronic disease risk factors. Ninety-nine male workers (age $46.9{\pm}7.0$ yrs) volunteered for 12 weeks of nutrition program containing dietary intake and physical activity adjustment. Five individualized programs were performed with the main theme of weight loss (WL, n = 16), blood pressure lowering (BL, n = 34), normalizing blood glucose (GL, n = 21), lipid lowering (LL, n = 13) and reducing MS risk factors (ML, n = 15). Anthropometric data, blood-pressure, self-reported questionnaire, blood profiles were measured before and after 12weeks of nutrition education. The education program included 5 times of 1：1 interview. Compared to 0 week, anthropometric data (weight, BMI, fat, visceral fat, waist, SBP, DBP) were significantly decreased after 12 weeks (p < 0.001). Fasting blood glucose and total cholesterol were decreased (p < 0.05). The primary outcomes with individually tailored programs showed to be more effective than one general nutrition program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2013

This study estimates the measurements required to make garments but omitted from Size Korea 2010. Before the estimation of the measurements, the differences of the measurement methods were reviewed through previous research related to clothing construction and various measurement protocols that include previous Size Korea 2010 projects and ISO. The research target was 308 females aged 20 to 30 who lived in Seoul and the surrounding Gyeonggi province. A total of 43 measurements were obtained by the direct measurement method and analyzed in this study. In addition, 17 measurements which differ from the measurement method were also measured directly. These 17 measurements items were waist height, waist back height, waist height natural indentation, body rise, rise length, waist back length 1 & 2, posterior shoulder length 1 & 2, arm length 1 & 2, upper arm circumference 1 & 2, elbow circumference 1 & 2, and waist circumference 1 & 2. To analyze the differences in measurements, the subjects were divided into 2 age groups (20's and 30's). The results were as follows: First, there were big differences in stature, waist height, shoulder length, total length, and neck shoulder point to breast points by age groups; however, there were no differences in 17 measurement (such as shoulder angles) by age groups. Second, it was determined that 'waist circumference 1 & 2', 'waist back length 1 & 2', 'arm length 1 & 2', 'elbow circumference 1 & 2', 'upper arm circumference 1 & 2' and 'body rise & rise length' had significant differences by measurement methods in the entire group as well as each age group. Third, the values of 8 measurements omitted from Size Korea 2010 were estimated using similar measurements. The results of the correlation analysis were utilized to select reasonable independent measurements. Finally, 10 regression equations were obtained by regression analysis; subsequently, these will be useful for estimation of omitted measurements in Size Korea 2010.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.419-428
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate nutrient intake and anthropometric parameters related to obesity in Korean female adolescents according to dietary diversity score. We analyzed data from the combined 2007-2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The subjects were 770 female adolescents. Nutrient intakes, Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) ) and Dietary Variety Score (DVS) were derived by using the data from the 24-recall method. The DDS was defined as the number of six food groups (cereals, meats, fruits, vegetables, dairy, fats and oils) consumed. The DVS was defined as the number of food items consumed. The average age of the subjects of the study was 15.02 years and the average height, weight, and BMI were 159.50 cm, 52.58 kg, 20.62 kg/$m^2$, respectively. The energy and nutrients intakes, percent of the recommended intake for nutrients in DDS = 5~6 group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. Calcium and vitamin C INQ in DDS = 5~6 group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. The average DVS of the subjects was 29.33. The most frequent style of food pattern was CMDFVO (cereals, meats, dairy, fruits, vegetables, fats and oils) = 111011. In conclusion, in healthy Korean female adolescents, food diversity intake variety did beneficially affect the intakes of calcium and vitamin C. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.5 s.207
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• pp.199-219
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and to identify the related factors of overweight among young children. The study subjects were 138 children, aged 3-5, attending child care centers in the Kyungbuk area. We assessed a wide range of collected variables including general characteristics, anthropometric data, dietary habits, stress, food preferences, and food frequencies of young children, and anthropometric data and general characteristics of their parents. The results of this study were analyzed with $\chi$$^{2}$_ or t-test using SPSS package program. The subjects were classified into two groups using the weight for length index WLI criteria: normal group(n=101) and overweight group(n=37). Forty-nine percent of mothers of overweight children did not recognize their child's current overweight status. Scores for encountering criticized-violent situation stress, hurt-pride stress and total stress were higher in the overweight group than in the normal group. The frequency of snacking and the appetite of the overweight group were increased compared to those of the normal group. The overweight group had higher preferences for salad, kimbab, boiled rice with meat, vegetables and Chinese noodles, chicken, shell, banana, soybean milk, hotdog, and potato than the normal group. The overweight group showed higher consumption frequencies of pan-fried foods, egg, laver and strawbery compared to the normal group. Therefore, our results suggest that obese young children, as well as their parents, need more nutritional counseling education about dietary habits, food preference, recognition of normal weight and strategies for actively coping with stresstopreventandtreatobesityandtomaintainhealth. .

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.710-722
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• 2014

This study investigated factors affecting the bone mineral density (BMD) of Korean adult men. Data on BMD and anthropometric (height, weight, body mass index, BMI, waist circumference, body fat) and biochemical(total cholesterol, vitamin D, alkaline phosphatase, ALP) measurements were obtained from the Fourth and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES, 2008~2011). Overall, BMD of the subjects was decreased from year to year (T-score of 30~39 yr decreased to 0.447 (2010~2011) from 0.106(2008~2009) and in 50~59 yr decreased to 0.234 from 0.033. Age was negatively associated with BMD (T-score 0.361 of 20~29 yr group and -0.894 of ${\geq}80yr$ group in total femoral). According to increase of weight, BMI and waist circumference continuously increased BMD. High value of total cholesterol (T-score 0.157 of 201~<230 mg/dL group and 0.064 of ${\geq}230mg/dL$ group in total femoral) and alkaline phosphatase (T-score 0.337 of ${\leq}102IU/L$ group and -0.270 of ${\geq}336IU/L$ group in total femoral) were associated with lower BMD. Overall height, weight and BMI were positively associated with BMD, and ALP were negatively associated with BMD. Finding of the present study showed that bone loss may be associated with various factors such as age, weight, BMI, total cholesterol, vitamin D and ALP density and that much attention should be paid to bone health of adult men. Therefore, practical and systematic programs are required to improve the BMD of adult men as well as to maintain bone health.