• Title/Summary/Keyword: Anthrone

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Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Reactions of Anthrone: Preference for Cycloaddition Reaction over Conjugate Addition Depending on the Functionality of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds

  • Baik, Woon-Phil;Yoon, Cheol-Hoon;Koo, Sang-Ho;Kim, Ha-Kwon;Kim, Ji-Han;Kim, Jeong-Ryul;Hong, Soo-Dong
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.491-500
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    • 2004
  • The Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions of anthrone with a variety of ethylenic substrates under various conditions have been studied. It has been observed that depending on kinds of ethylenic substrates and catalysts, products were varied. In particular, the $ZnCl_2$-catalyzed reaction of anthrone with ${\alpha},{\beta}$ -unsaturated ester gave bridged compounds 3 (Diels-Alder adduct type) and mono-Michael adduct 4 exclusively, while the base-catalyzed reaction gave 10,10-bis-Michael adduct as a major product independent of the amount of ethylenic substrate and base. Bridged compounds 3 were easily converted to the corresponding mono-Michael adduct 4 by a catalytic amount of base. Further Michael reaction of mono-Michael adducts with different ethylenic substrates in the presence of a catalytic amount of alkoxide gave unsymmetrical 10,10-bis Michael adducts in good or moderate yields.

Photochemical Reactions of Some Carbonyl Compounds with N, Nv-Dimethylaniline: Formation of $\beta- and \gamma-Hydroxynmines$

  • Kim, Sung-Sik;Change, Ji-Ae;Mah, Yoon-Jung
    • Journal of Photoscience
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.5-7
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    • 2002
  • Direct irradiation of carbonyl compounds such as some aldehydes, ketones and anthraquinone in N,N-dimethylamiline(DMA), without using other solvents, gave $\beta$-hydroxyamines as the major products. Irradiation of anthrone and DMA in methanol afforded ${\gamma}$-hydroxyamine. The structure of the photoproduct was confirmed by treatment with an acid to give a bicyclic compound.

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Chemical Constituents of Aloe capensis (Aloe capensis의 성분에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Man-Ki;Park, Jeong-Hill;Kim, Kyeong-Ho;Shin, Young-Geun;Myoung, Kyung-Min;Lee, Jong-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.244-247
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    • 1995
  • Two compounds were newly isolated from the leaf exudates of Aloe capensis and identified as 10-C-rhamnosyl aloe-emodin anthrone and aloenin B, on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidences.

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Studies on analysis of the Korean lager beers. (I) "On the estimation of total carbohydrates, amino acids and peptides" (한국산 맥주성분에 관한 연구 (제 1 ) "Total carbohydrates, amino acids 및 peptides 의 정 에 관하여")

  • 한홍의;김종협
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.63-67
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    • 1968
  • Total carbohydrates, amino acids and peptide-like substances in two kinds of Korean lager beers have been analyzed by the calorimetric method of Dreywood's anthrone reagent and Fowden's ninhydrin reagent. The samples were fractionated with column of ion-exchange resin. The experimental results are as follows; 1. Amounts of non-hydrolyzed carbohydrates in the part of column processed is 1. 82% and 1. 96 % (the value was measured by Bertrand's method). But the amounts of those measured by Dreywood's anthrone method are 5.57% and 4.25%, this values are much more than those of Bertrand's method. 2. It can be estimated the amounts of gum and dextrin are 3.75% and 3.30% in both two beers, by comparison of samples with the above mentioned two method. 3. The amounts of carbohydrates by anthrone reagent in acid-hydrolyzed beers are much increased than those of non-hydrolyzed, so it is suggested the presence of polymer carbohydrates which couldn't be detected by Bertrand's method. 4. Total amounts of amino acids are 0.015% and 0.025% (as glycine) in non-hydrolyzed beers measured by ninhydrine color reaction method, on the other hand the amount of amino acids in acid hydrolyzed beers are 0.06% and 0.056%, this is much more than those of nonhydrolysis. The different amounts means that of peptide-like substances. 5. It is necessary to determine the constituent of amino acid for the better taste of beer, and also it is desirable to check the role of carbohydrates in the course of fermentation, mashing and on lager beer for effective utilization of carbohydrate materials to eliminate the losses.

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Studies on the Carbohydrates of Ginseng (part, 1) Free sugars in Ginseng (人蔘成分에 關한 硏究 (第1報) 遊離糖類에 對하여)

  • Lee, Tae-Young;Kwon, Tai-Wan
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.73-75
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    • 1961
  • The Compositions of the free sugars in Korean Ginseng were determined by use of the ion exchange chromatography and anthrone reaction. The free sugars were sucrose, fructose and glucose. The contents of each sugar in dried and wet Ginseng were Sucrose: 8.525 and 5.280, Fructose: 0.498 and 0.245, glucose: 0.433 and 0.975, respectively.

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Photochemical Formation of 1,5-Diketones from Dibenzoylmethane and Some Quinones

  • 김성식;임진선;이종명;심상철
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.531-534
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    • 1999
  • Irradiation (300 nm UV light) of dibenzoylmethane and 1,4-naphthoquinone in dichloromethane gave 1,5-dike-tone as the major product, along with β-hydroxyketone as the minor product. Anthraquinone and anthrone also added photochemically to dibenzoylmethane to give 1,5-diketones as the major products. In contrast, tetrahalo-1,4-benzoquinones added to dibenzoylmethane to give two types of 1,5-diketones via oxetane and cyclobutane intermediates. Comparison of the potential energy values of the photoproducts reveals that the 1,5-diketones are more stable than the corresponding oxetanes or cyclobutanes due to the ring-strain of the bicyclic compounds.

Studies on Antitumor Components of Wild Pholiota squarrosa (Fr.) Quel. (야생 비늘 버섯의 항암 성분에 관한 연구)

  • 박완희
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.185-188
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    • 1982
  • In order to investigate the antitumor components of Korean wild higher fungi, the carpo-phores of Pholiota squarrosa collected in Kaung Nung area were extracted with water by refluxing for eight hours at 80-90.deg. C. The extracts were dialized for six days against distilled water and lyophilized to produce crude polysaccharide powders. They were found to have the antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 implanted in mice. Especially, the inhibition ratio of the extract of Pholiota squarrosa was 78.7% in the dose of 20mg/kg/day for the period of ten days. The tumor in two of the ten mice was completely regressed. The components of these aqueous extracts were found to be polysaccharide and protein. The total polysaccharide was 42% by Anthrone method and the protein was 55% by Lowry-Folin method in the antitumor component of Pholiota squarrosa.

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Effect of Photoperiod on the Growth and Matter Production in Zoysia matrella (일조시간이 금잔디(Zoysia matrella)의 생장 및 물질생산에 미치는 영향)

  • 도봉현
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.83-88
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    • 1989
  • This Study was designed to know the growth Status under various photoperiod using Zoysia matrella. The experimental plots were split into such groups as control (full sunlight) 3hour, 6hour and 9hour photoperiod by three replication of completely randomized design. Chlorophyll content was analyized by mackine method and total soluble sugar by anthrone method. The result obtained from this experiment was as fol1 lows ; l. Dry weight was high in the control and 9hour plots. Its decrease remarkably occured in the short day plots 2. Leaf growth woes remarkaly decreased by short day condition. Six hour was considered as critical duration for leaf growth. 3. The growth of rhizome in the 9hour and control plots was good. New development of rhizome in the' short day plots was very slow compare to the control plot. 4. Chlorophyll content was high at l8 days after transplanting and then decreased. Its content in the short day plots severely decreased. 5. The content of soluble sugar in the control was low at early growth stage and high at late growth stage. It was found that the shorter the exposure time to sunlight, the higher the ratio of sugar content.

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