• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.147-152
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• 1996

Therapeuticre rehabilitation of young children has often included the use of walker as mobility aids. Traditional walkers have four vertical legs, a horizontal bar in front of child, and horizontal bars on either side which also serve as hand grip. Child pushes it. It is called 'anterior walker'. 'Posterior walker' have been introduced which the child pull along behind himself during ambulation. The purpose of this investigation was to compare specific gait characteristics of children with developmental disability, while they ambulated with anterior and posterior walker. Using the posterior walker, specific gait characteristics improve than using anterior walker.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.239-245
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• 2013

Purpose: Osteoarthritis occurs in many different joints of the body, causing pain, stiffness, and decreased function. The knee is the most frequently affected joint of the lower limb. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences of biomechanics between independent gait and anterior walker dependent gait of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Methods: Lower limb joint kinematics and kinetics were evaluated in 15 patients with knee osteoarthritis when walking independently and when walking with an anterior walker. Participants were evaluated in a gait laboratory, with self-selected gait speed and natural arm swing. Results: When walking with a dependent anterior walker, participants walked significantly faster (p<0.01), using a longer stride length (p<0.01), compared to independent gait. When walking with a dependent anterior walker, participants exhibited significantly greater knee flexion/extension motion (p<0.01) and lower knee flexion moment (p<0.05) compared to independent gait. When walking with a dependent anterior walker, participants showed significantly greater peak ankle motion (p<0.01), ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion moments (p<0.01), and ankle power generation (p<0.05) compared to independent gait. Conclusion: These biomechanical properties of gait, observed when participants walked with a dependent anterior walker, may be a compensatory response to impaired knee function to allow sufficient power generation for propulsion. Therefore, rehabilitative strategies for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee are needed in order to improve not only knee function but also hip and ankle function.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.339-348
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare muscle activations of neck, trunk and leg in cerebral palsy of spastic diplegia with genu recurvatum and knee flexion contracture, when using anterior and posterior walkers. Methods : We selected 21 cerebral palsy and received the written consent to participate in this study. The inclusion criteria for participation required patients to have spastic diplegic CP; to be between 3~6 years of age, to have a GMFCS III grade, to have no botulinum toxin injection and orthopedics surgery within before six months starting the study. Measurements of muscle activities (sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis, rectus abdominis, erector spinea, gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, medial hamstring and calf muscles) were evaluated anterior and posterior walker ambulations. Statistical evaluation of these data were accomplished by utilizing the paired t-test and independent t-test by SPSS 20.0 program. Significance level was set at p<.05. Results : The following results were obtained. There was significant difference on muscle activation of neck, trunk and legs(soleus except) in anterior and posterior walkers. There was no significant difference in muscle activation of neck but significant difference in muscle activation of trunk, legs between genu recurvatum and knee flexion contracture(rectus abdominis, medial hamstring when using anterior walker, rectus abdominis, erector spinea, gluteus maximus, medial hamstring when using posterior walker). Conclusion : The conclusion of this study is the different knee joint forms would have different effect on muscle activation of trunk and legs while cerebral palsy of spastic diplegic ambulated with anterior walker and posterior walker.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of anterior walker and posterior walker on gait parameters and body alignment of children with cerebral palsy. The intraclass correlation coefficient was .99 for intertester reliability. Intratester reliability was between .96 and .99. The use of posterior walker increased gait velocity and facilitated more upright posture. The measurement of joint angle program was found to be reliable to measure range of motion. This study has a limitation of generalizing the results to all children with cerebral palsy. Research is required to investigate the effect of posterior walker on energy efficiency.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.823-826
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• 2010

In this study, the control method of assistive robot was developed for the elderly. The control method of gait-assistant-robot was proposed considering the change of COP (Center of Pelves), BOS (Base of Support) and comparative analysis of the moving velocity for the elderly. We analyzed the movement of COP of the body and its velocity of the elderly equipped with manual walker and gait-assistant-robot. As a result, change in COP was greater from left to right than from anterior to posterior; also, the average velocity of the movement of COP and manual walker for manual walker gait was 0.7(m/s). Therefore, it is necessary to concern more on the left-right balance and synchronization of the velocity of COP.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.259-265
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• 2014

The aims of this study are to investigate the walking intention detection of a rollator based on Infraed (IR) sensor measuring knee joint anterior displacement and leg muscle activities. We used Active Walker attached IR sensor to measure the knee joint anterior displacement and EMG signal of leg muscles(rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius) were taken by Delsys bagnli-8ch. Subjects were eight healthy males(age $23.7{\pm}0.5years$, height $175.4{\pm}2.3cm$, weight $70.6{\pm}5.6kg$) and they were involved in experiments which had been proceeded 30 minutes a week, during 3 weeks. This system indicates that the knee joint anterior displacement had the distinction increases according to the gait slope and velocity. We showed the increase of the femoral muscle activities along the anterior tilt and the increase of the crural muscle activities along the posterior tilt.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.33 no.6 s.101
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• pp.419-435
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate growth changes and skeletal characteristics of Korean children with Class III malocclusions from 10 to 14 years of skeletal age. Radiographs of 60 children with Class III malocclusion and 60 normal controls were assessed. Both groups were subdivided into 6 samples according to sex and skeletal age. Skeletal age was assessed using handwrist X-rays using the Greulich and Pyle norms. The Krogman-Walker plane (occipitale-maxillon) through Sella was used as a reference plane in this study with x-axis perpendicular to the x-axis. Sir Student t-tests were conducted to compare the control group with the Class III group according to each gender a:nd age. The characteristics of Class III malocclusion group compared to the control group included shorter anterior and posterior cranial base, shorter and retrusive maxilla, forger mandible, increased molar-incisor distance, retroclined lower incisors, labially proclined upper incisors, and anteriorly located mandibular molar, smaller upper and middle facial depth, and larger lower facial depth. Landmarks representing facial depth, size of maxilla and mandible, and their AP relationship including anterior facial height indicate that growth characteristic was determined early in life. But growth Pattern of cranial base and some of the dental landmarks showed progressive divergence between Control and Class III groups with age. The position of the posterior border of the mandible was found to be significantly forward in both females and males by the age of 14 and at the anterior border in males and females at all ages. Hyperdivergent mandibular plane, changes in anterior segment of mandible, small anterior cranial base, and decrease in cranial base flexure was also noted.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 2024

A newly recorded species, Aora pseudotypica Hirayama, 1984, belonging to the family Aoridae Stebbing, 1899 was collected from Geomundo and Jejudo Islands in South Korea. This species is characterized by having large triangular process on basis of male gnathopod 1. It is morphologically similar to A. typica Krøyer, 1845, but distinguishable by the lack of a large rounded process on the anterior margins of basis and ischium on male gnathopod 1 and having small distal segment on outer ramus of uropod 3. To date, only two genera, Aoroides Walker, 1898 and Grandidierella Coutière, 1904, of the family Aoridae have been recorded in Korea, so this is the first record of the genus Aora from Korea.