• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.205-211
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• 2011

Objective : We investigated the neuroprotective effect of anthocyanin, oxygen radical scavenger extracted from raspberries, after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods : The animals were divided into two groups : the vehicle-treated group (control group, n=20) received an oral administration of normal saline via stomach intubation immediately after SCI, and the anthocyanin-treated group (AT group, n=20) received 400 mg/kg of cyanidin 3-O-${\beta}$-glucoside (C3G) in the same way. We compared the neurological functions, superoxide expressions and lesion volumes in two groups. Results : At 14 days after SCI, the AT group showed significant improvement of the BBB score by $16.7{\pm}3.4%$, platform hang by $40.0{\pm}9.1%$ and hind foot bar grab by $30.8{\pm}8.4%$ (p<0.05 in all outcomes). The degree of superoxide expression, represented by the ratio of red fluorescence intensity, was significantly lower in the AT group ($0.98{\pm}0.38$) than the control group ($1.34{\pm}0.24$) (p<0.05). The lesion volume in lesion periphery was $32.1{\pm}2.4\;{\mu}L$ in the control and $24.5{\pm}2.3\;{\mu}L$ in the AT group, respectively (p<0.05), and the motor neuron cell number of the anterior horn in lesion periphery was $8.3{\pm}5.1$ cells/HPF in the control and $13.4{\pm}6.3$ cells/HPF in the AT group, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion : Anthocyanin seemed to reduce lesion volume and neuronal loss by its antioxidant effect and these resulted in improved functional recovery.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1986

A clinical and statistical study was done for 123 patients with histologically proven colorectal malignant tumor from 1983 to 1986 at the department of anatomical pathology. Yeung Nam University Hospital. The results were as follows: 1. Ratio between male and female was 1.6:1 and incidence was most prevalent in 7th decades comprising 29.3%. 2. Location of tumor was the most frequent in rectum(65%). 3. Frequent symptoms and signs in case of right colon were pain, abdominal mass and bowel habit change. In left colon, they were pain, bowel habit change and bloody stool or melena. In rectum, they were bloody stool or melena, bowel habit change and pain. 4. Duration of symptom was 1 to 3 months(33.3%). 5. The most frequent histological type was adenocarcinoma(82.9%). 6. According to Dukes's classification, 32.9% of the tumor were stage $C_2$. 7. Operative procedures were Mile's operation(47.0%), right hemicolectomy(19.8%) and lower anterior resection(11.7%). 8. Polyps were the most frequent associated disease. 9. The most common complication was wound infection(11.1%).

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.16-19
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• 2007

Objective : This report describes the clinical study of the surgical method of lateral third infraclavicular implantation of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) generator through the axillary wrinkle incision. Methods : In a retrospective study, the data for 20 patients with medically intractable epilepsy treated by this approach were examined. The mean age was 31.4 years (range : 14-50), and the mean follow-up period was 12.15 months (range : 4-21 months). The male to female ratio was 2.3 : 1. The subcutaneous pocket for the generator was located in the lateral third infraclavicular area through the axillary wrinkle. Our method was a modification of the standard VNS generator implantation in the mid-infraclavicular pocket through anterior axillary incision. Results : There were the excellent or good cosmetic satisfaction in 95% of the cases and fair in 5%. The generator was located outside the lung field in 15%, periphery of the lung field in 45%, and crossed over the lung field in 40%. Discomfort from shoulder motion occurred transiently in 35% of cases. Other complications were minimal. Conclusion : These results demonstrate that the lateral third infraclavicular apporach will offers cosmetic benefits and reduction of obscuration of the lung field without serious complications. Thus, this technique provides an attractive alternative among the surgical techniques for the vagal nerve stimulation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2010

Objective : To assess the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of the balloon-assisted technique with HyperForm balloon in the endovascular treatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms. Methods : A total of 34 patients with 34 wide-necked intracranial aneurysms were treated with endovascular coil embolization using balloon-assisted technique with Hyperform balloon. Twenty-nine aneurysms (85.3%) were located in the anterior circulation. The group of patients was comprised of 16 men and 18 women, aged 33 to 72 years (mean : 60.6 years). The size of aneurysms was in the range of 2.0 to 22.0 mm (mean 5.5 mm) and one of neck was 2.0 to 11.9 mm (mean 3.8 mm). The dome to neck ratio was ranged from 0.83 to 1.43 (1.15). Sixteen patients were treated for unruptured aneurysms and the remaining 18 presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Results : In the 34 aneurysms treated by the remodeling technique with HyperForm balloon, immediate angiographic results consisted of total occlusion in 31 cases (91.2%) and partial occlusion in three cases (8.8%). There were five procedure-related complications (14.7%), including two coil protrusions and three thromboembolisms; Except one patient, all were successfully resolved without permanent neurologic deficit. No new bleeding occurred during the follow-up. Twenty patients (59%) underwent angiographic follow-up from 2 to 33 months (mean 9.2 months) after treatment. Focal recanalization with coil compaction of the neck portion was observed in 5 cases (25%). Only one case showed major recanalization and underwent stent-assisted coil embolization. Conclusion : The balloon-assisted technique with Hyperform balloon is a feasible, safe, and effective endovascular treatment of wide-necked cerebral aneurysms.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.273-285
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate facial form, arch form and tooth form in young adults to determine if a correlation exists. 115 subjects who had healthy natural maxillary incisors and good occlusion consisted of 71 males and 44 females ranging from 20-30 years of age. Facial photographs and, intraoral photographs of upper anterior teeth and dental casts of upper jaws were taken to demonstrate facial form, dental arch form and tooth form. Form analysis is determined by comparing the ratio of the widths of the faces, dental archs and the teeth. The Chi-square test of independence between facial form, arch form and tooth form, was executed and the significance level determined. The results were as follows : 1. The distribution of facial forms was 66.1% square-tapering, 27.0% square, 5.2% ovoid, 2% tapering-square. 2. The distribution of tooth forms was 65.2% ovoid, 20.0% square-tapering, 11.3 % tapering-square, 3.5 % square. 3. The distribution of arch forms was 50.4 % square-tapering, 48.7 % tapering, 0.9 % reverse tapering-square. 4. There was no large differences in the distribution of facial forms, dental arch forms and tooth-forms between male and female. 5. No relationship existed between the tooth form and the facial form. 6. No relationship existed between the facial form and the dental arch form. 7. No relationship existed between the tooth form and the dental arch form. 8. This gave the impression that dental arch form and facial form could not be used as a true index in tooth selection.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.46-53
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• 2017

Background: The MLA is supported by both the abductor hallucis (ABH) and the extrinsic muscles. Insufficient muscular support may lower the MLA when the body's weight is applied to the foot. The short foot exercise (SFE) is effective in increasing the height of the MLA for people with flat feet. Most of the research related to the SFE has simply evaluated the efficiency of the exercise using enhanced ABH electromyography (EMG) activation. Since the tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PER), and ABH are all involved in supporting the MLA, a new experiment design examining the EMG of the selected muscles during SFE should be applied to clarify its effect. Objects: Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the effect of the SFE in different ankle position on the MLA angle and the activation of both the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles and to determine the optimal position. Methods: 20 healthy subjects and 12 subjects with flat feet were recruited from Yonsei University. The surface EMG and camera were used to collect muscle activation amplitude of TA, PER, and ABH and to capture the image of MLA angle during SFE. The subjects performed the SFE while sitting in three different ankle positions-neutral (N), dorsiflexion (DF) at 30 degrees, and plantar flexion (PF) at 30 degrees. Results: ABH EMG amplitudes were significantly greater in N and DF than in PF (p<.05). Muscle activation ratio of TA to ABH was the lowest in PF (p<.05). MLA angle in both groups significantly decreased in PF (p<.01). The TA and ABH was activated at the highest level in DF. However, in PF, subjects significantly activated the ABH and PER with relatively low activation of TA. Conclusion: Therefore, researchers need to discuss which SFE condition most effectively use the arch support muscle for flat foot.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.483-489
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• 2011

Purpose: Craniofacial structure form results from the adaptation to morphologic and functional changes in their neighboring structures for a mutual balance. The purpose of this study is classification of maxillomandibular complex growth pattern follow by cranial base growth pattern. And this study is identifying the correlation between maxilla-mandibular complex growth pattern and orthodontic criteria. Methods: 142 Class III malocclusion patients had orthognathic surgery at Wonkwang University Dental Hospital during April 2004 to October 2010. Patients were divided into 4 groups and the correlation between cranial base and maxillomandibular growth patterns were evaluated. Results: There was a correlation between cranial base and maxillomandibular growth patterns. Positive relationships were found between the occlusal plane, Incisor mandibular plane angle, mandibular plane, positioning of pogonion and the saddle angle, indicating maxillary growth patterns. Negative relationships were found between SNA, SNB, maxillary incisor angle and saddle angle. Positive relationships were found between the ratio of the anterior and posterior cranium, positioning of pogonion and the percentage of cranial depth indicating mandibular growth patterns. Negative relationships were found between the occlusal plane, maxillary incisor angle, mandibular plane, mandibular angle and cranial depth. Conclusion: Cranial base and maxillofacial growth patterns were correlated and the classification should be adjusted before orthognathic surgery.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.169-173
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to improve the asymmetrical weight-bearing ratio, by applying different repetitive sit-to-stand training methods to the paretic-side foot of hemiplegic patients, as well as to provide the necessary information for applying balance training with hemiplegic patients. Methods: The subjects were divided into two groups: a spontaneous foot group and an asymmetrical foot group. They all performed repetitive sit-to-stand training five times a week for a total of six weeks. The sit-to-standing movement was studied using standardized clinical tests. The Biodex Balance System, Time up and go test (TUG), 5 times sit-to-stand test (5XSST), and functional reach test (FRT) were used to measure the static and dynamic standing balance of the patients. Results: In the balance system measurement, the results for the overall index, ant-post index, med-lat index, fall risk index, 5XSST, and FRT after the training differed significantly between the comparison groups (p<0.05). In the evaluation of dynamic balance, the differences in TUG did not differ significantly between the comparison groups after the training (p>0.05). Conclusion: The study found that the asymmetrical group showed significant increases in static and dynamic balance in comparison to the spontaneous group after repetitive sit-to-stand training. Based on this result, it is clear that training in an asymmetrical position with the paretic foot back can increase the left-right stability limit and the anterior-posterior stability limit, thus improving balance control.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 1996

The neuorogenic tumor is known to be originated from neural crest, and the involved cells are Schwann cell, ganglion cell, and paraganglion cell. The Schwannoma, neurofibroma, and malignant schwannoma arise from the schwann cell, ganglioneuroma is from ganglion cell, and carotid body tumor and glomus tumor are originated from paraganglion cell. Authors reviewed thirty-eight patients of the neurogenic tumors in the head and neck, excluding intracranial tumor and Von-Recklinghausen disease, surgically treated at the Department of Surgery, Pusan Paik Hospital from January 1981 to May 1996. Of the 38 cases, 28 cases were schwannoma, 6 cases neurofibroma, 2 cases malignant schwannoma, and 2 cases paraganglioma. These tumors occurred at any age, but the majority of patients occurred in the fourth decade of life. There was female preponderance (M : F=1 : 1. 53) in sex ratio. The lateral cervical region was the most common distribution. 12 cases arose from the anterior triangle of neck, and 12 cases from the posterior triangle of neck. The major nerve origin of tumor could be identified in 30 cases (80%). 11 cases were treated by simple excision, and partial excision was 3 cases. Excision with parotidectomy 1 case, enucleation 11 cases, enucleation with parotidectomy 7 cases, radical neck dissection 1 cases, upper neck dissection 2 cases, suprahyoid dissection 1 case, Caldwell­Luc operation 1 case. The postoperative complications were hoarseness (2 cases), facial palsy (1 case), Homer syndrome (1 case), and hypoesthesia of tongue (1 case).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 1999

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to systematically analyze and compare e acoustic sound structure of vocal major student's singing voice. Materials and Methods : The nineteen vocal major students were the subject group and healthy nineteen females were the control group for this study. The subject group was taken a strobovideolaryngoscopy by the use of flexible nasopharyngoscopy. And acoustic analysis was taken between two groups. Additionally the inquiry on usual voice problems and management was performed by thirty-six vocal major students. Results : The subject group presents many functional voice disorder findings such as AP contraction(44%), phase difference(36%) tremor(25%), posterior gap(17%), hyperadduction of vestibular fold(6%), and anterior gap(3%) on strobovideolaryngoscopy. And the vocal major students did reveal an enhanced number of high frequency harmonic partials when singing compared to the control group in the narrow band spectrum study. But there was no significant difference in jitter, shimmer and noise to harmonic ratio in both groups. Almost all vocal major students present a lot of voice problems in singing such as loss of high note(17%), loss of quiet voice(17%), effortful and tired voice(36%) etc on inquiry. And they always effort to prevent vocal dysfunction by the use of various type of method such as voice rest(28%), hydration(28%), gargling with salt(11%) etc. Conclusions : The vocal major students always take care of maintaining a good voice condition, but a lot of vocal major students revealed abnormal strobovideolaryngoscopic findings and they are absent in the conception of systemic and scientific voice management. Therefore, the young singers need a good voice training and voice therapy Program under the good ralationship of laryngologist and voice training teacher.