• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of anatomical single bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using outside-in technique by clinical outcome analysis. Materials and Methods: From July 2009 to July 2010, 41 cases of single bundle ACL reconstruction using outside-in technique which were followed minimum 1 year were enrolled. Clinical results were evaluated using International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee evaluation score, Lysholm score, pivot shift test, one leg hop test, KT-1000 arthrometer test, Telos stress arthrometer test. Results: IKDC subjective knee score and Lysholm score were improved to $86.1{\pm}2.1$ and $91.2{\pm}3.8$ postoperatively (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001, respectively). KT-1000 arthrometer test and Telos stress arthrometer test also were improved to $2.2{\pm}0.9\;mm$ and $2.3{\pm}1.2\;mm$ (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001, respectively). Pivot shift test and one leg hop test revealed good results. Conclusion: Anatomical single bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using outside-in technique showed good clinical results, so it was considered available method.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the relationship between appearance and size of bone bruise and severity of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), furthermore, to identify the mechanism of ACL injury by analyzing the footprint of bone bruise. Materials and Methods: Sixty-five subjects who was taken an MRI within 6 weeks after acute ACL injury were studied. All MRI showed ACL injury and associated bone bruises. Bone bruises were analyzed using Costa-Paz classification based on appearance and location and also scored using Kornaat bone bruise grading system based on size and location. The severity of the ACL injury was graded using a 4-point system (ie, grade 0-3) with oblique coronal MRI. Results: There was statistically significant correlation between Costa-Paz classification of bone bruises in lateral femoral condyle and grade of ACL injury. There were more type 2 lesions in partial tear group (grade 1, 2), however, type 3 lesions of Costa-Paz classification in complete tear group (P=0.037). Significant positive correlations were observed between Kornaat total bone bruise score and grade of ACL injury (P=0.014). Most common ACL injury mechanism was pivot shift injury. Other mechanisms were clip valgus injury, phantom foot injury, and hyperextension injury. Conclusion: It is highly suggested that appearance and size of bone bruise is related to severity of ACL injury after acute ACL injury. The foot print of bone bruise provides valuable clues to identify ACL injury mechanism.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2008

The anatomy which is the systemic understanding of a structure and the physical examinations which is the functional assessment of its role comprise the fundamental capability for a clinician providing medial care to the knee. This article provides the basic anatomy of the bones, meniscus, anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, medial and lateral collateral ligaments, muscles, medial and lateral 3 layer concept, anterior and posterior aspect of the knee, bursae around the knee, and the physical examinations of the meniscus, medial and lateral collateral ligament, anterior and posterior cruciate ligament with posterolateral corner. The conceptual and systemic understanding of the anatomy and the physical examinations of the knee would be a compass or lighthouse for the physician providing medical care to the knee.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2000

Purpose : To evaluate of the surgical outcome of primary repair in anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Material & Method : Twenty-five patients underwent arthroscopic primary repair of ACL. We performed pull-out suture of ruptured ligament in 18 cases, and suture and augumentation with gracillis & semitendinosus in 7 cases. At follow up, the International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC) scale & Lysholm score were used to grade outcome, and also the KT-2000 arthrometer was used to evaluate objective ligament laxity. Results : In analysis of IKDC scale, final evaluation group were group A in 3 cases, group B in 13 cases, group C in 9 cases. The mean value of Lysholm score was 83 points. In KT-2000 arthrometer examination, mean anterior translation was 3.9mm at 201b, 7.3mm at 30lb. The mean difference value between injured knee and uninjured knee was 1.1mm at 201b, 2.29mm at 301b. There was statistical significance in mean difference value between injured and uninjured knee. Conclusion : By analysis of clinical & objective data, we could confirm that the mid-term result of ACL suture is not satisfactory. So, we recommend that ACL reconstruction would be done in young active patient rather than suture.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2016

Anterior knee pain is a major problem among adolescents and young adults especially those who participates in sports. The most common pathogenesis of anterior knee pain can arise from compression and shear forces in the patellofemoral joint. It is also caused by impingement of infrapatellar fat pad. Fat pad impingement can occur when the fat pad becomes swollen and inflamed due to a direct blow or chronic irritation. As a result, the bottom tip (or inferior pole) of the patella can pinch the fat pad. One of the many causes of swollen fat pad can be secondary to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The aim of this study was to compare the infrapatellar fat pad volume in patients with acute ACL injury and a group of age-, gender-, and activity- matched controls with intact ligament. Axial magnetic resonance (MR) images have been performed on 32 patients with torn ACL and 40 control patients. The volume of the fat pad was measured digitally from MR image by using a 3d Reconstruction software, ellipsoidal approximation, and a MATLAB code. The results were compared between patients with torn ACL and control group. Patients with a torn ACL had a significantly larger fat pad than the controls (P=0.01). There was no significant difference between the methods used to measure the infrapatellar fat pad volume (P=0.83-0.87). Thus, lesions of the infrapatellar fat pad is often associated with ACL injury.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2002

Propose : The purpose of this retrospective study was to test the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL index) for diagnosis of a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) by means of MR imaging. Materials and Methods : From Mar. 1997 to Feb. 2001, concomitant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and knee joint arthroscopy were performed in 56 patients of either pain or instability of the knee. The shortest distance between the femoral and tibial attachment of PCL (X) and the distance from that line to the tip of the arc marked by the PCL (Y) on the sagittal plane images were measured. The quotient of these two parameters (Y/X) defined the PCL index. Results : Using MRI diagnosis, there were 35 patients diagnosed with ACL rupture and 21 patients were ruled out of ACL injury. Using arthroscopy, 32 of the 35 patients diagnosed by MRI showed ACL rupture, and 20 of the 21 patients were ruled out of ACL injury. The mean PCL index was 0.40 in the 33 patients diagnosed with ACL rupture through arthroscopy. The mean PCL index was 0.23 in 23 patients with an uninjured ACL through arthroscopy. In 33 patients with ruptured ACL, this value exceeds 0.31. The index value was 0.31 in 3 patients with uninjured ACL. The value of the index was not above 0.31 with an uninjured ACL. PCL index on MRI had a sensitivity of $91\%$ and a specificity of $94\%$ for determining the status of the anterior cruciate ligament. Conclusion : Injury to the ACL changes the PCL index markedly. In diagnostically unreliable MR images, amelioration of the PCL index could help in the diagnosis of ACL injury.

• 대한관절경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.20-21
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• 2007

• 대한관절경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.87-88
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• 2006

• 대한관절경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.100-101
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• 2006

• 대한관절경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.6-6
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• 2007