• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.112-118
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• 2002

The anomalous behaviour of animals prior to a large earthquake has been frequently reported from many places throughout the world since ancient times. This study is to experimentally testify what relations exist between the anomalous animal behavior and electric field effect, which is reported due to the piezo-electric effects in a basement rock before earthquake occurrences. We investigated the electric field effects on behaviors of two kinds of rats and birds. Rats show more sensitive anomalous behavior than birds. Even though the current applied to the experimental birds and rats is just a few ${\mu}$A, they show various abnormal behaviors. The anomalous animal behaviors under the small ground electric field may have some relations to the actual phenomena before great earthquake.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.659-679
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• 2015

Distributed applications are composed of multiple nodes, which exchange information with individual nodes through message passing. Compared with traditional applications, distributed applications have more complex behavior patterns because a large number of interactions and concurrent behaviors exist among their distributed nodes. Thus, it is difficult to detect anomalous behaviors and determine the location and scope of abnormal nodes, and some attacks and misuse cannot be detected. To address this problem, we introduce a method for detecting anomalous behaviors based on process algebra. We specify the architecture of the behavior detection model and the detection algorithm. The anomalous behavior detection and analysis demonstrate that our method is a good discriminator between normal and anomalous behavior characteristics of distributed applications. Performance evaluation shows that the proposed method enhances efficiency without security degradation.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.57-64
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• 2001

There are some previous reports that some animals such as rats and birds move in a large group and act abnormally to avoid the large earthquake. This study is to experimentally testify what relations exist between the anomalous animal behavior and electric field effect, which is reported due to the piezoelectric effects in a basement rock before earthquake occurrences. When electric field is applied to the whole bottom of the cage, they show nervous behaviors such as grooming, washing their faces, standing on legs or running around in panic to avoid the electric field. When more strong electric field is applied, they jump with shrieking and mount on the electric line. The rat shows more sensitive anomalous behavior than the bird. Even though the current to the experimental birds and rats is just a few $\mu$A, they react in various ways. The anomalous animal behaviors under the small ground electric field may have some relations to the actual phenomena before great earthquake. This kind of study is quite worthy for the understanding of earthquake precursors.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2004

The bush warblers (Cettia diphone) have been recognized to possess two types of songs: a normal song that plays roles in attracting mate and territorial defense, and an anomalous song. The present study suggests that the anomalous song functions as an alarm signal as well as other unknown signals. Field observations and playback experiments on the anomalous song of bush warbler were conducted in order to investigate the contextual information that occurred between sender and receiver. In the field observation, the males frequently emitted anomalous songs to potential predators. The males responded with an anomalous song to stuffed potential predators. The distance from where the anomalous song occurs to the stimulating source varied depending upon the kinds of stimulus. The males of bush warbler possibly show different responses to the anomalous song depending on the level of danger. When the anomalous song was played back to terrestrial males and females, no distinctive behavior was observed. The anomalous song may be sung to defend the territory against predators or to distract invaders from the nest and female because the male and female behaviors were related with the anomalous song and its phonetic characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.203-203
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• 2011

Metastable statates, resonant states in 4s level and excited states in 4p level were investigated with a simple global model and examined by the LIF experiments. Metastable states exhibit an anomalous behavior with the plasma density, on the other hands, other states show monotonous increasing behaviors. It turns out that the metastable state can have such an anomalous behavior due to its special characteristic, electric dipole radiation forbidden. It is expected to resolve the ambiguity of previously reported metastable density behaviors and provide further understanding.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.2237-2242
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• 2011

Anomalous scaling behaviors such as significantly large growth exponent (${\beta}$) and small reciprocal of dynamic exponent (1/z) values for many molecular crystalline thin films have been reported. In this study, the variation of scaling exponent values and consequent growth behaviors of molecular thin films were more quantitatively analysed using a (1+1)-dimensional surface lateral diffusion model. From these simulations, influence of step edge barriers and grain boundaries of molecular thin films on the various scaling exponent values were elucidated. The simulation results for the scaling exponents were also well consistent with the experimental data for previously reported molecular thin film systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1390-1393
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• 2005

The hardening model based on the dislocation mechanics is employed to study the experimentally observed high tensile elongations of NiAl along the [110] orientation at intermediate temperatures. In the hardening model proposed, a mobility of dislocation is assumed to be restricted to glide through the slip plane by forest dislocation and thermally activated cross-slip event. Overall deformation behavior of NiAl was greatly influenced by temperature-dependent dislocation mobility that both experimental and simulated yield stresses decreased as temperature increased. The results of simulation showed anomalous hardening behaviors analogous to those of experiment at certain circumstances. This behavior occurred due to the hardening contributions generated by cross-slip events that disable the dislocation motion in the primary slip systems. By comparing simulation results with experiments, it is confirmed that the proposed hardening model can represent anomalous tensile elongations due to the hardening by forest dislocations and cross-slip events.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1075-1089
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• 2024

In this paper, the optimizations of multi-hop cooperative molecular communication (CMC) system in cylindrical anomalous-diffusive channel in three-dimensional enviroment are investigated. First, we derive the performance of bit error probability (BEP) of CMC system under decode-and-forward relay strategy. Then for achieving minimum average BEP, the optimization variables are detection thresholds at cooperative nodes and destination node, and the corresponding optimization problem is formulated. Furthermore, we use conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm to solve this optimization problem to search optimal detection thresholds. The numerical results show the optimal detection thresholds can be obtained by CG algorithm, which has good convergence behaviors with fewer iterations to achieve minimized average BEP compared with gradient decent algorithm and Bisection method which are used in molecular communication.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.201-204
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• 2002

The rates of the aminolysis of S-phenyl substituted-acetate series $(RC(=O)SC_6H_4Z$, with R=Me, Et, i-Pr, t-Bu and Bn) with benzylamines $(XC_6H_4CH_2NH_2)$ are not correlated simply with the Taft's polar $({\sigma}^{\ast})$ and/or steric effect constants $(E_s)$ of the substituents due to abnormally enhanced rate of the substrate with R=Et. Furthermore, the cross-interaction constant, ${\rho}x_z$ , is the largest with R=Et. These anomalous behaviors can only be explained by invoking the vicinal bond $({\sigma})$-antibond $({\sigma}^{\ast})$ charge transfer interaction between C-$C{\alpha}$ and C-S bonds. In the tetrahedral zwitterionic intermediate, $T^{\pm}$ , formed with R=Et the vicinal ${\sigma}_{c-c}-{\sigma}^{\ast}_{c-s}$ delocalization is the strongest with an optimum antiperiplanar arrangement and a narrow energy gap, ${\Delta}{\varepsilon}={\varepsilon}_{{\sigma}^{\ast}}-{\varepsilon}_{\sigma}$. Due to this charge transfer interaction, the stability of the intermediate increases (with the concomitant increase in the equilibrium constant K (= $k_a/k_{-a}$)) and also the leaving ability of the thiophenolate leaving group increases (and hence $k_b$ increases) so that the overall rate, $k_n\;=\;Kk_b$, is strongly enhanced. Theoretical support is provided by the natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses at the B3LYP/6-31+$G^{\ast}$ level. The anomaly exhibited by R=Et attests to the stepwise reaction mechanism in which the leaving group departure is rate limiting.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.29-39
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• 2002

In general, the intrusion detection method of anomalous behaviors has high false alarm rate which contains false-positive and false-negative. To increase the sensitivity of intrusion detection, we propose a method of aggregate detection to reduce false alarm rate by using correlation between misuse activity detection sensors and anomalous ones. For each normal behavior and anomalous one, we produce the reflection rate between the result from one sensor and another in off-line. Then, we apply this rate to the result of real-time detection to reduce false alarm rate.