• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.143-167
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics that appear when actual comedy movie is made into animation, from the singularities which arise from producing remake of existing media contents into animation. Animation and slapstick comedy movies possess a similarity in that they both evoke laughter from the viewer via exaggerated motion, expression and action. In the case of live action film, people must carry out the acting and there exists spatial limitations, whereas animation does not have such limits, which allows the comic animation to materialize spatial scene directing and acting which are different from that of live action comic films, despite the fact that they share elements of the same genre. Accordingly, this study performs comparative analysis of and which is based on the contents of the same event, from the English comedy TV program and the , the TV animation which is a remake animated version of the original series, to conduct comparative analysis the character acting and the scene directing in accordance with the live action movie and animation. The result of studying the point that makes it easy to create comic genre into animation and the advantages possessed by the media of animation, through analyzing two works that deal with the same character and the same event, were as follows. It was proven through the analysis that comedic directing with doubled composure and amusement is possible through the anticipation of exaggerated directing in the acting through expression and action, and diversity of the episodes with added imagination in the story, as well as the estrangement effect of the slapstick expression and etc.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.77-92
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• 2016

In this study, the relationship of images and sounds of the animations "Dots" and "Loops" which Norman McLaren animated with his Animated sound technique when he worked at Guggenheim museum at New York, are analyzed through the audiovisual analysis theory by Michel Chion, and through the theory of synchronism/asynchronism and parallelism/counterpoint by Siegfried Kracauer. For the results of the analysis, there are a few difference between "Dots" and "Loops" regarding the aspect of sound arrangement and expressive aspect of abstract animation. However, there are being of two main elements of sound, composing with monophony sound, making musical structure with sound effects, and the emphasizing of parallelism with synchronization bewteen images and sounds in common with both "Dots" and "Loops". In "Dots" and "Loops", there are close correlations between pitch of sound and arrangement/shape of image, between loudness of sound and size of image, and between length of sound and length/shape of image. The image and sound of "Dots" and "Loops" have equal relationship each other, rather than subordinate relationship according as image become sound and the sound become new image with the animated sound technique. "Dots" and "Loops" show tendency of minimal art and music video. Since these two films, and remind about the new approach to sound creation in today's animation production.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.11
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• pp.73-85
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze collage of animated film is able to build up total embodiment of thought. Surrealism Collage intend to combination of various characters including new attempts and pluralistic features. In particular, the fantastic, irrational characteristics of expression and extravagant and unfamiliar artistic technique of Surrealism Collage are actively introduced and explored as elements to make new image and suggest the possibility of another reality. This image has been connected Raoul Servais animation film called . The use of this film technique gives a touch that is sensibly different from the digital encrustation technique which justifies it. Representative animator of Surrealism Raoul Servais expands the domain of his own creative works by succeeding to Surrealistic movement.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.45
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• pp.435-450
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• 2016

Animation is an artificial image created by artist's imagination. Animation is defined as "the art of the animated image" in the sense that immobile images can be seed as a living creature. In other words, the term "diegesis" in modern arts genre is generally considered as something that indicates fictional world in which narration develops. Therefore, when we say that animation world is formed based on diegesis, it represents the fictionality of animation world. The problem occurs at this point. Even thought the animation world is recognized as a fictional world, we contradictorily believe that the event occurring in the screen world are real and accept them as a true message. This condition is called "quasi-emotion". Quasi-emotion is not fake bit not real either, and it is the third emotional state. It happens when we "make believe" that we believe a fictitious figure or a situation. However, in order to actively operate this "make-believe" state, an appropriate environment and props are required, specially metaphorical imagination and storytelling in short animated film. So that this article will draw a conclusion from the method that make-believe the fictional world and communicate the message through analysing the short animate film, form Disney.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.36
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• pp.375-391
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• 2014

Animation movie is a non-photorealistic animated art that consists of formative language forming a frame based on a story and cuts describing frames that form the cuts. Therefore, in expressing an image, artistic expression methods and devices for a formative space are should be provided in a frame while cuts have the images between frames faithfully. Short animation movie is produced by various image experiments with unique image expressions rather than narration for expressing subjective discourse of a writer. Therefore, image style that forms unique images and various image directions are important factors. This study compared the experimental image directions of and , both of which showed a production method of film manipulation. First, while uses pixilation that produces images obtained from live images through painting and many optical disclosure process on a cell mat, was made with diverse collage techniques such as tearing, cutting, pasting, and folding hundreds of scenes from action movies. Second, expresses non-causal relationship of characters by their repetitive behaviors and circulatory image structure through a fixed camera angle, resisting typical scene transition. On the other hand, has an advancing structure that progresses antagonistic relationship of characters through diverse camera angles and scene transition of unique images. Third, in terms of editing, uses a long-take short cut technique in which the whole image consists of one short cut, though it seems to be many scenes with the appearance of various characters. On the other hand, maximizes visual fun and commitment by image reconstruction with hundreds of various short cuts. That is, both works have common features of an experimental work that shows expansion of animated image expressions through film manipulation that is different form general animation productions. On top of that, delivers routine life of diverse human beings without clear narration through image of conceptualized spaces. expresses it in a new image space through image reconstruction with collage technique and speedy progress, setting a binary opposition structure.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.6
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• pp.72-90
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• 2002

The nature of animation is to create a moving image. Also, it creates a narrative space and visual image which is different form a reality. Therefore, image expression is very important in the animation. Although the domestic animation has a movement, it has not an image which has meaning. For instance, Korean fiction animation ${\ulcorner}$My beautiful girl, Mary${\lrcorner}$ has grand prize in Anncy International Animated Film Festival, 2002. Such achievement give new vision and present a clue of development to our national animation. However, not many people went to the cinema to watch it. The reason is that although 'Mary' has the Fantastic image, she doesn't show a true life image. The film is revival of reality through the image. However, animation is revival of reality through the 'transformation' of the existing image. Therefore, reviving exactly the same as a reality is not the most important fact in the animation image. Preferably, the most important fact in the animation image is that reviving reality into highly wrought image. This paper will study an expression form of animation trough the image. This paper will study an expression form of animation trough the image. Especially, it will concentrate on poetic image. For this, It will associate 'poetic' in literature with 'poetic image' in animation. For this, It will associate 'poetic' in literature with 'poetic image' in animation. Also, a variety poetic animation image will be divided into 1)mongtage 2)rhythm 3) compression 4)metaphor & symbol, and will be looked 'poetic image' effect.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.38
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• pp.53-70
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• 2015

In industrialized societies throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, Over Produced and Mass consumption images were constantly shown to people via Mass-Media as means to provoke one's desire. Frank Mouris, the American independent animator, captured and showed the infinite nesting of industrialized image with his autobiographical story through his work (1973) and made it as an intense visual flow. This innovative art animation has broke the traditional form of narrative animation and won the Annecy Animation Festival Grand Prix and the Academy Awards in 1974. This was also selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant in 1996. This study explores and shows that how these a-half million images to express Franks Mouris's autobiographical story in could be analyzed by the concept of Walter Benjamin's 'dialectical images'. Typically, the term 'dialectic' need to be formed by contradiction or opposite concept in the basic principles, but a dialectical image of Benjamin could be formed without any opposite concept while maintaining the uniqueness of each new relationship of the past. Benjamin's dialectical images are no longer stay in the historical past, It always meets with the present when someone realizes the past in the present moment. I suggest three different aspect according to Benjamin's point of view to analyse this animated film such as 'Historical-dialectical imaging of private/collective memory', 'Reconfiguring of present through analysing the relationship between the image flows and its own time/space', and 'Old future over the existing fragment and the presence of fragment. has the great value not only to present the experimental and innovative aesthetics of animated film, but also to show an analysis of contemporary culture and social aspect in mid-20th century. This study is to explore the diversity of animation representation, aesthetics, and also to suggest a new aspect of animation studies.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.61-62
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• 2019

애니메이션 영화에 있어서 음악은 영화의 예술적 퀄리티를 향상시키는 도구가 되었다. 본 논문은 애니메이션 영화의 주제곡을 애니메이션에서 어떻게 연기할 수 있는지, 애니메이션 음악의 창작과 서사 간에 서로 밀접한 기능과 관계를 탐구한다. 이를 위한 연구는 첫째, 애니메이션과 음악에 대한 이론적인 고찰하며, 둘째 애니메이션 영화 <코코(Coco)>의 사례 분석하며, 주제곡 위주로 음악의 기능적 특징이 애니메이션으로 어떻게 표현되는지를 다룬다. 이에 주제곡은 주제 내용과 중심인물을 둘러싸고 일정한 음악적 이미지를 형성하고 주제를 심화기능을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.50-60
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• 2015

The animation film , which became a worldwide sensation with its theme song 'Let it go', did not only rank first in the U.S. box office - it was also the greatest box office hit in the history of Disney animation. Why did , recreated into a musical animation, become a worldwide success and what were the characteristics of its materialized hybrid visual direction technique? In order to look into this, firstly, literature on musicals and animations were studied, and secondly, analysis standards were drawn for musical characteristics of musicals and direction techniques of animations. Thirdly, analyzation and investigation will be conducted on hybrid visual direction techniques based on the research above with as the example. Through this study, it's known that realizes its musical features such as 'exaggerated acting,' 'delivering the meaning of circumstances', 'dramatic expression of emotion' and etc. through animated characters and that its background music is aided by 'narrative features' through its musical composition. Besides, its snow effect through animated VFX composing scenes along with its musical characteristics realizes hybrid image direction. It can be said that image directing effects of musical animations through hybrid grafting and the characteristics of image aesthetics generate public demands worldwide.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.373-380
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• 2019

In this study, I examined the visual elements for narrative structure and the symbols, scene components and visual styles in the images through analyze the flat staging in Tomm Moore's animated feature film, . As a research method, I figure out the general theories about staging and analyze extracted scenes which revealed flat staging in the , then summarize and clarify the flat staging production elements and features of Tomm Moore. As a result, in , the composition of the screen using the basic shapes, the screen composition containing the spiral which is symbol of the Celtic traditional pattern, the stable and flat frame expression through the balanced screen composition, expression of spatial sensation using perspective, appearance of the period by using the inverted perspective, and composition that can emphasize the flat formability are appeared as a characteristic. Through this, the two-dimensional planarity was maximized to convey the feeling of appreciating the illustrations of fairy tales. Tomm Moore, who produced animation based on folk tales in order to inherit the traditional culture of Ireland, has been attracting worldwide attention because of its flat staging to help narrative, enhancing the original expression and performance of animation. I hope that this study will be used as basic data for industry workers and researchers who make unique and excellent animated feature film.