• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.45-48
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• 1974

It was planned to investigate, in mice that received ACTH, the influence of Panax Ginseng upon DNA synthesis of submandibular gland by observing incorporation of $[^3H]$ thymidine into the tissue cells. Thirty male mice $(body\;weight:\;18{\sim}20\;g)$ were divided equally into the ginseng-ACTIH and the saline-ACTH groups. Each animal of the ginseng-ACTH and the saline-ACTH groups received every day (subcutaneously) 0.05 m1/10 g body weight of ginseng extract(4 mg of ginseng alcohol extract in 1 ml of saline) and the same amount of saline, respectively, for 5 days. On the 5th experimental day, all animals received 0.01 unit of ACTH intraperitoneally one hour after the last medication, and $1\;{\mu}Ci/g$ body weight of $[^3H]$ thymidine after one more hour. Five animals, at a time, of each group were sacrificed 1, 10, and 24 hr after $[^3H]$ thymidine administration, and the radioactivity of cells in their mandibular gland was measured autoradiographically in terms of the % number of radioactive cells in 1,000 cell counts (Radioactive Index, R.1.). Results obtained were as follows: 1. The radioactive indices obtained from submandibular gland of the saline-ACTH group 1, 10 and 24 hr after $[^3H]$ thymidine administration were $15.2{\pm}0.32,\;20.1{\pm}0.30,\;and\;24.5{\pm}0.52(mean{\pm}S.D.)$ in the mucous cells, $13.0{\pm}0.22,\;10.2{\pm}0.05,\;and\;7.5{\pm}0.42$ in the serous cells. and $10.5{\pm}0.40,\;13.6{\pm}0.32,\;and\;15.9{\pm}0.42$ in the duct cells, while the $mean{\pm}S.D.$ of the values obtained from the 3 cell types 1, 10 and 24 hr after $[^3H]$ thymidine were $10.9{\pm}0.28,\;12.4{\pm}0.31,\;and\;10.0{\pm}0.39.$ Thus the radioactive indices obtained from the ginseng-ACTH group were generally lower than those obtained from the saline-ACTH group. It is inferred from the above results that the ginseng tends to promote the suppressive action of ACTH upon DNA synthesis of cells in the mandibular gland.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.115-116
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• 2012

The demand for flexible electronic systems such as wearable computers, E-paper, and flexible displays has increased due to their advantages of excellent portability, conformal contact with curved surfaces, light weight, and human friendly interfaces over present rigid electronic systems. This seminar introduces three recent progresses that can extend the application of high performance flexible inorganic electronics. The first part of this seminar will introduce a RRAM with a one transistor-one memristor (1T-1M) arrays on flexible substrates. Flexible memory is an essential part of electronics for data processing, storage, and radio frequency (RF) communication and thus a key element to realize such flexible electronic systems. Although several emerging memory technologies, including resistive switching memory, have been proposed, the cell-to-cell interference issue has to be overcome for flexible and high performance nonvolatile memory applications. The cell-to-cell interference between neighbouring memory cells occurs due to leakage current paths through adjacent low resistance state cells and induces not only unnecessary power consumption but also a misreading problem, a fatal obstacle in memory operation. To fabricate a fully functional flexible memory and prevent these unwanted effects, we integrated high performance flexible single crystal silicon transistors with an amorphous titanium oxide (a-TiO2) based memristor to control the logic state of memory. The $8{\times}8$ NOR type 1T-1M RRAM demonstrated the first random access memory operation on flexible substrates by controlling each memory unit cell independently. The second part of the seminar will discuss the flexible GaN LED on LCP substrates for implantable biosensor. Inorganic III-V light emitting diodes (LEDs) have superior characteristics, such as long-term stability, high efficiency, and strong brightness compared to conventional incandescent lamps and OLED. However, due to the brittle property of bulk inorganic semiconductor materials, III-V LED limits its applications in the field of high performance flexible electronics. This seminar introduces the first flexible and implantable GaN LED on plastic substrates that is transferred from bulk GaN on Si substrates. The superb properties of the flexible GaN thin film in terms of its wide band gap and high efficiency enable the dramatic extension of not only consumer electronic applications but also the biosensing scale. The flexible white LEDs are demonstrated for the feasibility of using a white light source for future flexible BLU devices. Finally a water-resist and a biocompatible PTFE-coated flexible LED biosensor can detect PSA at a detection limit of 1 ng/mL. These results show that the nitride-based flexible LED can be used as the future flexible display technology and a type of implantable LED biosensor for a therapy tool. The final part of this seminar will introduce a highly efficient and printable BaTiO3 thin film nanogenerator on plastic substrates. Energy harvesting technologies converting external biomechanical energy sources (such as heart beat, blood flow, muscle stretching and animal movements) into electrical energy is recently a highly demanding issue in the materials science community. Herein, we describe procedure suitable for generating and printing a lead-free microstructured BaTiO3 thin film nanogenerator on plastic substrates to overcome limitations appeared in conventional flexible ferroelectric devices. Flexible BaTiO3 thin film nanogenerator was fabricated and the piezoelectric properties and mechanically stability of ferroelectric devices were characterized. From the results, we demonstrate the highly efficient and stable performance of BaTiO3 thin film nanogenerator.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2014

구제역 가축 매몰지 침출수(이하 구제역침출수)의 생태계 위해성 평가 기법을 개발하기 위한 기초자료를 도출하고자 구제역 가축 매몰지의 유공관 또는 관측정에서 채취한 시료에 대하여 이화학적 분석과 생태독성시험을 수행하였다. 이화학적 분석은 환경부 기준 구제역침출수 유출판별지표 항목 중 염소이온($Cl^-$)과 암모니아성질소($NH{_4}{^+}-N$)농도, 그리고 한국원자력연구원에서 제안한 구제역침출수 유출판별지표인 NRN(Ninhydrin-Reactive Nitrogen)농도를 분석하였고, 생태독성시험은 발광박테리아(V. fischeri), 담수미세녹조류(P. subcapitata), 그리고 물벼룩(D. magna)을 생물종으로 이용하여 수행하였다. 이화학적 분석 결과와 V. fischeri에 대한 독성영향과의 상관관계를 분석하여 상관도가 높은 구제역침출수 유출판별기준 인자를 도출하였고 회귀분석식을 이용하여 반수독성을 유발하는 지표항목의 농도를 산출하였으며 생태독성영향과 구제역침출수의 수계유출관리법과의 연계성을 평가하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 구제역 가축 매몰지에 의한 생태계 위해성을 평가하고 향후 관리 기준을 설정하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 예측한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.625-630
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• 2013

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a highly prevalent disorder that affects millions of men worldwide. ED is now considered an early manifestation of atherosclerosis, and consequently, a precursor of systemic vascular disease. Lycii fructus extracts (LFE) were administered for 4 weeks to assess the improving effects on ED. Animals were divided into one normal group and four LFE-treated groups (0, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 g/kg). We induced ED in the study animals by oral administration of 20% ethanol instead of water everyday for 4 weeks. This study was designed to investigate the effects of LFE on the mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression; NO levels of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP); blood profile; and erectile response of the corpus cavernosum of the rat penis. The libido of the LFE-administered male rats was higher than that of the ethanol control group. The erectile response of the corpus cavernosum was restored after LFE administration, to a level similar to the normal group. In addition, the iNOS in the corpus cavernosum of the male rats administered LFE decreased. In contrast, compared to the control group, LFE-administered male rats showed increased eNOS, NO and cGMP levels in the corpus cavernosum. These results indicate that LFE effectively restored ethanol-induced ED in male rats.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2020

Background: Understanding the geographical distribution of a species is a key component of studying its ecology, evolution, and conservation. Although Schlegel's Japanese gecko (Gekko japonicus) is widely distributed in Northeast Asia, its distribution has not been studied in detail. We predicted the present and future distribution of G. japonicus across China, Japan, and Korea based on 19 climatic and 5 environmental variables using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) species distribution model. Results: Present time major suitable habitats for G. japonicus, having greater than 0.55 probability of presence (threshold based on the average predicted probability of the presence records), are located at coastal and inland cities of China; western, southern, and northern coasts of Kyushu and Honshu in Japan; and southern coastal cities of Korea. Japan contained 69.3% of the suitable habitats, followed by China (27.1%) and Korea (4.2%). Temperature seasonality (66.5% of permutation importance) was the most important predictor of the distribution. Future distributions according to two climate change scenarios predicted that by 2070, and overall suitable habitats would decrease compared to the present habitats by 18.4% (scenario RCP 4.5) and 10.4% (scenario RCP 8.5). In contrast to these overall trends, range expansions are expected in inland areas of China and southern parts of Korea. Conclusions: Suitable habitats predicted for G. japonicus are currently located in coastal cities of Japan, China, and Korea, as well as in isolated patches of inland China. Due to climate change, suitable habitats are expected to shrink along coastlines, particularly at the coastal-edge of climate change zones. Overall, our results provide essential distribution range information for future ecological studies of G. japonicus across its distribution range.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.440-447
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• 2020

본 연구는 극조생종, 조생종, 중·만생종 양파가격을 개별 변수로 설정하여 벡터오차수정모형을 기초로 하여 Granger 인과관계를 검정하고, 충격반응분석 및 분산분해분석 및 예측을 실시하였다. 분석결과 전기 중만생종 양파생산량은 후기의 극조생종 및 조생종 양파가격에 영향을 주며, 양파와 대체관계에 있는 마늘 또한 극조생종 및 조생종 양파가격에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 중만생종 양파가격은 극조생종과 조생종 양파가격에 영향을 받으며, 조생종 양파가격 또한 극조생종 양파가격에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 전국에서 양파가 가장 먼저 생산되며, 극조생종 주산지인 제주도 양파가격이 다른 요인에 의해 가격이 변동되면, 향후 생산되는 조생종 및 중·만생종 주산지인 전남, 경남 지역 양파가격이 영향을 받는다는 것을 의미한다. 이에 따라 전기 중만생종 양파 생산이 어떠한 요인에서 생산량이 증가 혹은 감소할 때, 전국에서 가장 먼저 수확되는 제주지역 극조생종 양파가격에 대해 선제적으로 대응해야하며, 또한 어떠한 요인으로 인해 극조생종 양파가격이 상승, 혹은 하락할 때 선제적인 수급대책을 통해 향후 조생종 및 중만생종 양파가격 안정을 도모해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.47-60
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• 1999

Traditional oriental medicines have been used for treatment of various kinds of human cancers for long times and some of them proven to be effective clinically. However, the pharmacological actions and mechanisms related to cancer treatment are generally unknown. In an effort to clarify the action mechanisms of several oriental medicines used for cancer treatments, we planned this experimental procedures. We selected Cordyceps sinensis (冬蟲下草), Punellae Herba (夏枯草), Rehmanniae Radix (熟地黃), Paeoniae Radix (白芍藥), Oldenlandiae Herba (白花蛇舌草), Partulaceae Herba (馬齒? ), Scdopendra subspinipes mutilans (蜈蚣), Mylabris Phalerara (班蟄), Phellinus igniarius(桑黃), Ganodermae Lignum(靈芝) for evaluation, which have been used for patients of gastric cancers. The twenty grams of medicines were boiled in 100ml of water for 1 hour and filtered with $0.2\;{\mu}m$ pore-sized filter unit to remove insoluble particles. Initially we evaluated the effects oriental medicines on growth inhibition in stomach cancer cells. The gastric cancer cell line, AGS, was cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with l0% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum and treated with $10{\mu}l$ oriental medicines per 1ml of medium up to 48 hours. The specimens were subjected to MTT assay for evaluation of growth inhibition. We found mat Mylabris phalerata (班蟄) markedly suppressed the growth of cancer cells as shown in results. Next, we checked the effects of oriental medicines on cancer on cell cycles and apptosis. Mylabrls phalerata (班蟄) inhibited cell cycle progression of cancer cells a compared with control cells and cells treated with other medicines. In addition, Mylabri phalerata (班蟄) induced apoptosis in 30-40% of stomch cancer cells within 24 hours. Other oriental medicines used for this experiments did not show apoptosis-inducing effects on cancer cells. Finally, we determined the expression levels of genes associated with cell cycle and apoptosis. The expressions of Bcl-2 and bcl-XL were downregulated by the treatment of Mylabris phalerata (班蟄). However, the expression levels of genes related to cell cycles were not altered significantly. In conclusion, we found that Mylabris phalerata (班蟄) has in vivo gowth-inhibiting and apptosis-inducing effects on stomach cancer cells. However, we think that at least animal experiments are necessay for evduations.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.67-83
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• 1997

In order to search for anti-influenza virus type A agents from Korean medicinal herbs, we selected 100 medicinal herbs, based on a review of the Korean traditional medicine books. Four of 100 Korean medicinal herbs, MM-40, MM-55, MM-63, MM-110, exhibited very strong anti-influenza virus activity. The fractions of four medicinal herbs, which had very strong anti-influenza virus activity, were tested for antiviral activity by means of Haemagglutination inhibition test(HTT), 40% MeOH fraction of MM-40, $H_2O$ fraction of MM-55, 20% fraction of MM-63 3nd $H_2O$ fraction of MM-110 had strong anti-influenza virus activity at the range of $78{\mu}g/ml$ to $156{\mu}g/ml$, 1.56mg/ml to 100mg/ml, 6.25mg/ml to 50mg/ml and $48.7{\mu}g/ml$ to $780{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. These results of HIT indicated that fractions of Korean medicinal herbs might inhibit either attachment of virus to cell surface receptor or penetration of virus into cell during the initial stage of infection. In the cytotoxicity of fractions against red blood cells, 40% MeOH fraction of MM-40, 20% fraction of MM-63 and $H_2O$ fraction of MM-110 showed cytotoxicity at the range of $78{\mu}g/ml$ to 10mg/ml, 50mg/ml to 100mg/ml and $195{\mu}g/ml$ to 100mg/ml, respectively, whereas $H_2O$ fraction of MM-55 did not show cytotoxicity. In order to establish influenza virus adapted animal model, influenza virus type A were passaged 3 and 4 times successively in Balb/c mouse. As a result, we had 4 HA unit titers on the 5 days of 3rd passages and 7 days of 4th passages after infection, respectively.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2009

In Korea, medical diagnostic equipments and biochemical examination can not be used in order for diagnosing sub-healthy state or ante-disease state in oriental medicine clinic. So morphic analogical method used in oriental medicine can be a good tool as a disease-predictable signs in order to enable preventive diagnosis and therapy. Therefore the four geometrical subjects; Essence, Pneuma, Spirit, Blood(四科;精氣紳血) and the four taxonomical species; Pisces, Quadruped, Aves, Carapaces(四類;魚走鳥甲) are chosen as morphic models in this paper. The differences of two classifying methods with four subjects and four species were as follows. The diagnostic category was meta-medical and synthetic against medical specific. The diagnostic object was body in contrast with face. They were able to be applicant in psychology and classification of characteristics against diagnostics and therapeutics directly in oriental medicine. The theoretical basis was basic diagrams of four unit-fluids of body and morphological analogy with four animal species respectively. And the therapeutic aims were systemic pathogenesis following five phase theory against congestion and deficiency of Essence, Pneuma, Spirit, Blood. The four subjects and four species are mixed each other practically in clinic. But it should be used limitedly because of the above reasons described and must divide the principal and secondary factors and follow the pathology of principal shape factor. In order to improve the diagnostic value of ante-disease state, the discriminable standards, measurement methods, limit of interrelating interpretation and the criteria of abnormal disproportion were needed to be defined more clearly in advance.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2008

목적 : 본 연구는 핵자기공명 분광기를 개조한 미세영상 기법을 이용하여, 동물실험에 주류를 이루는 mouse를 대상으로, 0.1 mm 이내의 초고해상도 자기공명영상을 5분 정도 시간 안에 획득할 수 있는 방법을 개발하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 사용된 mouse는 C57BL/6로서 무게 50 그램 이내의 mouse를 사용하였다. 본 연구에 활용된 초전도 자석은 구경 89 mm, 4.7 T의 자기장 세기를 가진 수직형 자석이며, 사용된 샘플 코일의 직경은 30 mm 이고, 사용된 펄스시퀀스는 fast spin echo (FSE) 및 gradient echo (GE) 기법들이다. 결과 : 최적의 자기공명영상 파라미터를 확보하면서 2차원 영상으로서 수소밀도 및 T2 강조 영상을 획득하였다. 영상으로부터 mouse 뇌의 미세부분까지 상세히 해부학적 구조를 확인할 수 있었고, 또한 입체적인 정보를 획득하기 위하여 3D 영상도 부가적으로 획득하였다. 조영제를 이용한 dynamic contrast 연구에 3D 영상이 매우 유용하였다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통하여 mouse 뇌에 대한 고해상도 자기공명영상 획득을 위한 최적의 파라미터를 확보할 수 있었고, 또한 성공적인 자기공명영상도 획득하였다. 즉, 사람이나 다른 소동물뇌의 경우와 같이 mouse 뇌 조직의 다양한 부위의 미세부분을 확인할 수 있는 충분한 고해상도의 영상을 획득하였다. 최근 국내에서 mouse를 이용한 자기공명영상 연구가 시작되었으나 아직 초기단계라고 평가할 수 있고, mouse는 다른 동물에 비하여 취급/관리하기 쉬우므로 향후 mouse를 이용한 뇌 연구가 활성화 될 것으로 사료된다.