• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.611-614
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• 2015

This study was performed to apply a protein film containing a natural antimicrobial compound to meat packaging and determine quality change of meat during storage. Proteins obtained from the by-products of food processing have been utilized as biodegradable film sources. Porcine meat and bone meal (MBM) is obtained during meat processing, and proteins from the MBM can be extracted and used as a film base material. Previously, an antimicrobial MBM film containing coriander oil (CO) was prepared and its physical properties and antimicrobial activity were characterized. In this study, the antimicrobial MBM-CO film was applied to beef patties packaging, and the microbial population and the degree of lipid oxidation were determined during storage at 4℃ for 15 d. The population of inoculated E. coli O157:H7 in the samples wrapped with the MBM-CO film was 6.78 log colony forming unit (CFU)/g after 15 d of storage, whereas the control had 8.05 Log CFU/g, thus reducing the microbial population by 1.29 Log CFU/g. In addition, retardation of lipid oxidation in the patties was observed during storage for the samples packaged by the MBM-CO film, compared with the control samples. These results suggest that the MBM-CO film can be useful for enhancing the quality of beef patties during storage.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.852-857
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• 2014

This study was carried out to develop a simple, convenient, and reproducible testing device to determine wettability and dispersibility of dairy powders. The testing device consists of a sieve ($150{\mu}m$) attached to a sample chamber, sensors mounted on a supporting body and a main control unit containing a display panel. The sensors detect the difference in electrical resistance between air and water. A timer is automatically triggered by the sensor when the bottom of sample-loaded chamber contacts water in the petri dish. Wettability and dispersibility of commercial skim milk powders (SMPs) produced at different heating strengths (low-, medium-, and high-heat SMP) are compared using the new testing device. Wettability of the SMPs were correlated with particle size and are found to increase in the order of medium-, low-, and high-heat SMP regardless of the amount of sample tested. Dispersibility of SMPs showed the same trend and high heat-SMP which has the smallest particle size resulted in the lowest dispersibility. Unlike existing methods, the new testing device can determine both wettability and dispersibility of powders and successfully detected differences among the samples.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2014

Background: To refine facial transplantation techniques and achieve sound results, it is essential to develop a suitable animal model. Rat is a small animal and has many advantages over other animals that have been used as transplantation models. The purpose of this study was to describe a rat hemifacial transplantation model and to verify its convenience and reproducibility. Methods: Animals used in this study were Lewis rats (recipients) and Lewis-Brown Norway rats (donors). Nine transplantations were performed, requiring 18 animals. The hemifacial flap that included the ipsilateral ear was harvested based on the unilateral common carotid artery and external jugular vein and was transferred as a single unit. Cyclosporine A therapy was initiated 24 hours after transplantation and lasted for 2 weeks. Signs of rejection responses were evaluated daily. Results: The mean transplantation time was 1 hour 20 minutes. The anatomy of common carotid artery and external jugular vein was consistent, and the vessel size was appropriate for anastomosis. Six of nine allografts remained good viable without vascular problems at the conclusion of study (postoperative 2 weeks). Conclusion: The rat hemifacial transplantation model is suitable as a standard transplantation training model.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of phytase on the growth performance, organ weight, and tibia ash of broilers. A total of 1008 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (mixed gender) with body weight 42 ± 0.90 g (mean ± SD) were used in a trial for 32 d. Chicks were assigned to one of the two treatment diets. Each treatment consisted of 28 replicate cages, with 18 birds per cage. The dietary treatments were as follows: CON, basal diet; TRT1, basal diet + phytase 1,500 Fan Terminal Unit (FTU)/kg diet. Dietary inclusion of 1,500 FTU/kg phytase supplementation in broilers showed only slight improvements in daily feed intake (P=0.086) and feed conversion ratio (P=0.065) on day 9 compared with that in the control group. However, organ weights of the breast muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, and bursa of Fabricius were not affected by the dietary treatments. In addition, the dietary inclusion of 1,500 FTU/kg phytase supplementation in the broiler diet had no effect on tibia ash. The addition of 1,500 FTU/kg phytase in the basal diet of broilers did not have any adverse effect on growth performance, organ weight, and tibia ash, suggesting that phytase supplementation in broiler diets will exhibit comparable effects as that of corn-soybean meal-based diet.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted using 350 Lohmann Brown layers (67 weeks of age) to evaluate the dietary effect of organic or inorganic Se and Cu on their contents in chicken eggs. The layers were divided into seven groups and fed a commercial diet or one of the six experimental diets containing different levels of Se and Cu (T1, 0.3ppm organic Se; T2, 1.0ppm organic Se; T3, 1.0ppm inorganic Se; T4, 125ppm organic Cu; T5, 250ppm organic Cu; and T6, 250ppm inorganic Cu) for 5 weeks. No significant differences were observed in egg production and its qualities among groups. The contents of blood cholesterol in the birds fed various levels of Se and Cu were not significantly different as compared to control. Se contents in eggs were linearly increased as dietary Se levels increased for both sources, but Se contents from the groups fed organic Se were slightly higher than those fed inorganic Se. Sensory characteristics of eggs were not influenced by dietary treatments. In conclusion, Se contents in eggs were linearly increased as dietary levels of organic or inorganic Se increased, but eggs in layers fed the diet containing organic Se did not show higher Se contents than those in birds fed dietary inorganic Se.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2008

High concentration of $NH_3$, $CO_2$, and lots of dust are found in modern densely raising stall system, as results, they provide a negative influence on animal and lamer health, and production ability. Therefore, it is necessary to keep clean the inside of stall air to increase the productivity. A wet type air cleaner has been developed to clean the stall air. The work principle is that the inside air are sucked through the fan, and the rotating discs make a water into a fineness spray and blows into the stall. The spray can take the dust, $NH_3$, and odor from the stall inside air and give back to the circulating water, which can be refreshed in 2 hours interval. In the Present study, we measured the $NH_3$, dust, odor, temperature and humidity in a swine stall that were installed two wet air cleaners with 700 fattening swine with on-mode and off-mode of wet air cleaners. In fall, the concentrations of $NH_3$ in off-mode stall were maximum 24 ppm and minimum 16 prm, and the average was 18.2 ppm. However in on-mode stall the $NH_3$ concentrations were maximum 7ppm and minimum 1ppm, and the average was 2.7ppm. The concentration of $NH_3$ in on-mode was 74% lower than off-mode stall. Odor was measured by olfactometer. In the off-mode stall, the odor unit was 3,800 OU/$m^3$, but in the on-mode stall the odor unit was 2,100 OU/$m^3$ Odor removal efficiency was about 45% in on-mode stall. The dust measure was divided into 3 categories, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{1.0}$. Whereas the $PM_{10}$ showed no significant differences between the tests, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{1.0}$ in the fine particle range reduced remarkably in the on-mode.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.275-281
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• 2008

This experiment deals with lycopene-enriched egg production in chicken and their effects on egg quality, especially antioxidant status of eggs upon their long term storage. Forty two laying hens(Hyline, 36 weeks of age) were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 diets containing 0 mg and 2 mg lycopene per kilogram feed for 4 weeks. There was a comparable concentration of lycopene in egg yolk($1.57{\mu}g$/1 g yolk) of chickens supplemented with dietary lycopene. No measurable concentration of lycopene was detected in egg yolk of chickens fed the control diet. Dietary lycopene supplementation increased egg yolk color(P<0.01), egg yolk height(P<0.08), egg yolk diameter(P<0.19), egg shell intensity(P<0.19), egg white height(P<0.33), and Haugh unit (P<0.34). After 4 week of storage of eggs in room temperature, lycopene treated eggs were tested for freshness. The ESI, EYH, EWH, HU, and EYC of lycopene treated eggs were comparably higher than those of control groups, even though there was not statistically significant difference between two groups whereas EYD of the control group was smaller than that of lycopene treated group. In conclusion, dietary lycopene supplementation to chickens might be improved egg quality.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the ffeding value of dried fly larva (DFL), and the effects of dietary DFL on the performance of laying hens. Ninety laying hens of 43 weeks of age(ISA brown) were randomly allotted to 5dietary treatments (0, 2, 5, 10 and $15\%$ DFL), and fed one of the experimental diets for 8 weeks. The formulae of 5 experimental diets were modified to contain $18.8\%$ CP and 2,900 ME kcal/kg. There were 3 replicates per treatment, and 6 brids Per replicate. No significant difference was found in egg Production among dietary treatments. The egg weight was increased (p<0.05) in DFL treatments compared to the control. Also, the egg shell breaking strength was increased(p<0.05) in DFL treatments by $14\%$ compared to the control. The saturated fatty acid content in egg yolk was decreased by $16\%$, and that of unsaturated fatty acid increased by $7\%$ in DFL treatments. Therefore, it could be suggested that DFL supplementation could improve the egg Qualify by increasing the egg weight, egg shell strength, and unsaturated fatty acid content in egg yolk.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the effects of embryo developmental stage and superoxide dismutase (SOD) on the survival of frozen-thawed porcine embryos by open pulled straw(OPS) method. Porcine IVF blastocysts were frozen-thawed by OPS method and cultured for 48 h under the existence of SOD. There are no significant differences in the proportions of normal morphology among the early, mid- and expanded blastoryst stages $(30.8{\sim}38.6%)$. After culture of embryos, the developmental rates to the expanded blastocyst stage(38.7%) were significantly higher than those of other stages (P<0.05). The proportions of expanded and hatched embryos were higher in medium with 1 unit/ml SOD than 0 and 10 units/ml of SOD. The result indicates that OPS method can use for the pig embryo cryopreservation, especially for the late stage blastocysts. SOD may can reduce the demage of frozen-thawed porcine embryos.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.609-618
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• 2023

Objective: TLRI 211-1 is a novel Bacillus subtilis strain. This experiment was to investigate dietary supplementation of TLRI 211-1 on laying performance, egg quality and blood characteristics of layers. Methods: One hundred and twenty 65-wk-old Leghorn layers were divided into four treatment groups for 8 weeks experiment. Each treatment had three replicates. The basal diet was formulated as control group with crude protein 17% and metabolizable energy 2,850 kcal/kg and supplemented with TLRI 211-1 0.1%, 0.3%, and commercial Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 0.1% as treatment 2, 3 and 4 groups, respectively. Both TLRI 211-1 and commercial Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were adjusted to contain 1×10⁹ colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL (g), hence the 0.1% supplemental level was 1×10⁹ CFU/kg. Results: The results showed that TLRI 211-1 0.3% and commercial B. amyloliquefaciens groups had higher weight gain than the other groups; TLRI 211-1 0.1% group had better feed to eggs conversion ratio than the control and commercial B. amyloliquefaciens groups (p<0.05). Bacillus subtilis supplementation increased yolk weight (p<0.05). In egg quality during storage, TLRI 211-1 0.1% had higher breaking strength than the control group at the second week of storage (p<0.05). At the third week of storage, TLRI 211-1 0.3% had higher Haugh unit (p<0.05). Hens fed diets supplemented with TLRI 211-1 0.3% significantly decreased blood triglyceride levels and increased blood calcium levels (p<0.05). TLRI 211-1 0.3% group had lower H₂S (p<0.05) and hence had less unpleasant odor in excreta of hens. Conclusion: In conclusion, supplementation with 0.1% TLRI 211-1 can significantly improve feed to eggs conversion ratio. TLRI 211-1 supplementation also can maintain eggs at their optimum quality level during storage. The study showed that B. subtilis TLRI 211-1 can be used as feed additives for improving egg production performance and egg quality.